Born on April 22, 1870 in Simbirsk, Russia (today's Ulyanovsk), he was a Russian communist revolutionary politician and the successor of the cause and doctrine of Marx and Engels. The revolutionary mentor and great leader of the world proletariat and working people, he personally led the Russian October Revolution and became the first leader of the Soviet Union. His contribution to Marxism is generally known as Leninism. He died on January 21, 1924. His body was embalmed and placed in Lenin's tomb under the red wall of the Moscow Kremlin. He was named one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century by Time Magazine.

Chronology of Major Events

*Born on April 22, 1870, in Simbirsk on the Volga River in Russia (now Ulyanovsk).

Lenin, who was about 17 years old, entered the Law Department of Kazan University in 1887 after graduating from Vladimir Middle School. At Kazan University, Lenin met a group of students with revolutionary ideas. Soon, he was arrested and exiled for participating in the student movement. The policeman escorting him said to him: "Young man, what's the benefit of rebellion? Isn't it better to hit a stone wall?" Lenin replied: "Yes, but it is a rotten wall, and it will fall down as soon as you hit it."

*In 1888, Lenin returned to Kazan from exile, but the authorities did not allow him to return to university. So he seriously studied Marxism on his own, carefully read "Das Kapital" and other works, and participated in Marxist groups.

*In 1889, Lenin moved to Samara and studied for four and a half years; learned several foreign languages ??and organized the first local Marxist group.

*In the autumn of 1893, he moved to St. Petersburg.

*In 1894, wrote "What are the "Friends of the People" and how do they attack social democrats? ", criticized the populists and expounded the basic principles of historical materialism.

*In 1895, the Petersburg Workers' Liberation Association was founded in Petersburg. At the end of the year, he was arrested and imprisoned again. After 14 months in prison, he was exiled to Siberia. During the three years in Siberia, he began to use the pen name "Lenin" - this pen name may be related to the French fairy tale character Lena Fox and the Lena River in Siberia - and wrote the book "The Development of Capitalism in Russia", and Married the revolutionary Krupskaya.

*In February 1900, his exile in Siberia ended. Shortly after returning to Petersburg, he moved to Western Europe.

*In July 1900, he went abroad.

*In December 1900, Iskra, the organ newspaper of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (the predecessor of the Soviet Communist Party), was founded in Germany to prepare for the founding of the party ideologically and organizationally.

*In July 1903, the party held a congress in Brussels, at which the Bolsheviks (majority) with Lenin as the core were formed. The emergence of the Bolsheviks and their ideological system marked the formation of Leninism.

*In 1904, he wrote "One Step Forward, Two Steps Back", proposing that the proletarian party is a unified organization established on the principle of democratic centralism.

*In July 1905, the Russian bourgeois democratic revolution broke out. He wrote "Two Strategies of Social Democratic Party in the Democratic Revolution", which liquidated the Mensheviks' opportunist line and pointed out that this revolution was bourgeois democracy. Revolution, the task is to overthrow Tsarist absolutism and establish a democratic republic. to carry the revolution to the end and transform it into a path of socialist revolution. The proletariat must form an alliance with the peasantry and lead this revolution.

*In November 1905, he returned to China to directly lead the revolution and proposed the strategy of the proletarian party in the democratic revolution.

*In December 1905, the Moscow workers’ armed uprising failed. During this period, he wrote works such as "Marxism and Revisionism" to achieve the comprehensive development of Marxism.

*In 1907, he began his second exile life that lasted for more than ten years.

*In 1908, he wrote "Materialism and Empirical Criticism", which criticized idealism, developed the epistemology of dialectical materialism, and defended the party spirit principle of philosophy.

*From 1908 to 1912, he devoted himself to summing up the experience of the February Revolution, opposed the liquidators and otzovists, and carried out a tit-for-tat struggle with the opportunist leaders of the Second International.

*In 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, the slogan "turn imperialist war into civil war" was put forward.

*In August 1915, he wrote "On the Slogan of a European Federation" and for the first time came to the conclusion that socialism might first win in a few or even a single capitalist country

* In 1917, the Russian February Revolution overthrew the tsarist regime. Since then, Russia has seen the coexistence of two regimes, the Soviet government and the bourgeois provisional government. At this critical juncture of complicated history.

*In March 1917, the Tsarist government was overthrown.

*On April 3, 1917, Lenin returned to Petrograd from Switzerland. The next day, Lenin proposed the famous "April Theses". pointed out that the overthrow of the tsarist autocratic system marked the completion of the bourgeois democratic revolution.

Now we enter the second stage of the revolution, the stage of socialist revolution. Its mission is to overthrow the bourgeois provisional government and establish a Soviet republic. Lenin's thoughts raised the consciousness of thousands of workers and soldiers. The provisional government regarded him as a thorn in its side.

*In July 1917, under the persecution of the Provisional Government, Lenin was forced to go underground. He watched the situation closely.

*Written "State and Revolution" between August and September 1917. In September, Lenin formulated a plan for an armed uprising.

*The October Revolution began in October 1917. Faced with extremely dangerous environments at home and abroad, Lenin led the Russian people to overcome difficulties one after another with amazing wisdom, courage and courage.

*In November 1917, under the leadership of Lenin and the military command of Trotsky, the Russian people achieved victory in the October Socialist Revolution, ushering in a new era in the development of human history. After the victory of the October Revolution, he was elected chairman of the People's Committee of the first Soviet government. He led the people to crush three armed attacks by imperialism and multiple large-scale domestic rebellions, gradually putting Soviet Russia's economic construction on the right track. From then on, the personal signature was changed to "Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin)".

*In 1918, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau at the All-Party Congress.

*In February 1918, together with Trotsky, he founded the Soviet Red Army and the Soviet Red Navy.

*In March 1918, the Soviet regime and Germany concluded the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which bought the new proletarian regime some breathing time.

*From 1918 to 1920, Lenin led the Russian people to smash the combined armed intervention of 14 imperialist countries and many large-scale counter-revolutionary rebellions in the country.

*In early 1921, Lenin proposed and implemented the "New Economic Policy." Just as Lenin was leading the Russian people to begin the socialist revolution and socialist construction, Lenin's health deteriorated day by day due to extremely intense work. But he is still working tenaciously.

*On November 20, 1923, Lenin said at the Moscow Soviet Conference that socialism is no longer a distant future or an abstract phantom. We have dragged socialism into daily life. The new economy policy Russia will become a socialist Russia. This was his last public speech.

*In 1923, Chu left a political will and laid the political foundation for the Soviet Socialist Republic and the Union of Nations. He took his post to Gork Village for medical leave.

*On January 21, 1924, Lenin died of cerebral hemorrhage. The body was embalmed and placed in Lenin's mausoleum under the red walls of the Moscow Kremlin. In memory of Lenin, Petrograd was renamed Leningrad until the old name of St. Petersburg was restored in January 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

October Revolution

The October Revolution was directly led by Bolshevik leader Lenin.

The October Revolution is also called the "Petrograd Armed Uprising". This uprising was personally led by Lenin.

About the Petrograd Armed Uprising (October Revolution):

On November 6, 1917 (October 24 in the Russian calendar), the Provisional Government closed the "Workers' Way" newspaper and the "Soldier" newspaper, and attempted to capture the Smolny Palace, the seat of the Bolshevik Party Central Committee. The situation is extremely critical. That night, Lenin pointed out in his "Letter to the Central Committee": "The situation has become extremely urgent. It is very clear that delaying the uprising now is really tantamount to death. ... Under no circumstances can Kerensky and his party be allowed to hold power until 25 The problem must be solved tonight." According to Lenin's instructions, the Party Central Committee decided to revolt in advance. Lenin crossed the enemy's blockade late that night, secretly came to Smolny Palace, and personally led the armed uprising.

At 1 a.m. on the 7th, the uprising troops occupied the General Post Office. At 2 o'clock, the Baltic Railway Station and Nikolayevsky Railway Station were captured. Then the lighting circuits in the government buildings were shut down, and the telephone exchange cut off most of the calls to the Provisional Government and the headquarters. Around 6 o'clock, the Red Guards, soldiers and sailors had occupied the Palace Bridge. Except for the Palace Square and Isakiyevska Square areas, almost all other areas are in the hands of the insurrectionists. Kerensky, Prime Minister of the Provisional Government, got into the car of the U.S. Embassy and fled in a hurry. At 10 o'clock, the Revolutionary Military Committee distributed the "Message to Russian Citizens" drafted by Lenin, announcing that the provisional government had been overthrown and power had been transferred to the Soviets. However, the provisional government still resisted stubbornly, and more than 2,000 officers and cadets continued to occupy the Winter Palace. From 5 to 6 p.m., more than 20,000 revolutionary soldiers, Red Guards, and 9 military vehicles surrounded the Winter Palace. The Revolutionary Military Council issued an ultimatum to the Provisional Government, ordering it to surrender at 6:20. After 8 o'clock, the Revolutionary Military Council issued an ultimatum of unconditional surrender to the provisional government, but it was rejected. At 9:40 p.m., the cruiser Aurora fired blanks to signal the attack on the Winter Palace. The Red Guards and soldiers rushed towards the Winter Palace with thunderous "Ula" sounds. Fight the enemy hand-to-hand on the 117-level marble staircase. Then, hand-to-hand combat began in room 1005. At 1:50 a.m. on the 8th, all members of the Provisional Government (except Kerensky who escaped) were captured.

The armed uprising in Petrograd was victorious.

The controversial point is that at 10:40 pm on November 7, 1917 (October 25 in the Russian calendar), just as the insurrectionary troops were attacking the Winter Palace, the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets was held in Opening of Smolny Palace. Lenin was elected Chairman of the People's Committee at the meeting, and the military commander responsible for attacking the Winter Palace was Trotsky. Therefore, it is also said that Trotsky directly led the October Revolution in Lenin's absence.

Impact

The October Revolution established the economic foundation of socialism and established the Supreme National Economic Council as the national economic management organ.

Soviet Russia withdrew from World War I after the October Revolution because of Lenin's promise to bring peace to the people after the revolution.

The October Revolution was a practice of Marxist theory on the working class’s seizure of power. The Russian October Revolution enabled Marxism to spread in many countries.

The October Revolution was the prelude to the international communist movement in the twentieth century, which directly led to the confrontation between the Soviet Union and Western capitalist countries until the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.

The October Revolution gave birth to the world's first country with a proletarian dictatorship, a new social system. After the October Revolution, proletarian revolutions and national revolutions became increasingly popular around the world.