1. The protagonist of burning books and entrapping Confucians is Qin Shihuang
The allusion of burning books and entrapping Confucians:
One day in 213 BC, Qin Shihuang bought wine in Xianyang Palace Invite all the ministers to a banquet. The academic officer at that time was called a doctor, and 70 people attended the banquet. Pushe (the doctor's superior) Zhou Qingchen came forward and said some words of praise, to the effect that the Qin State in the past was no more than a thousand miles in circumference. With your majesty's divine power, you pacified the sea and expelled the barbarian Yi people. Wherever the moon shines, there is no one who does not surrender. Divide the princes into thirty-six counties and counties, everyone will be happy, there will be no harm from war, and it can be passed down from generation to generation. From ancient times to the present, nothing can compare with Your Majesty’s majesty.
Doctor Qi Ren Chun Yuyue was very disgusted with these words, and immediately stepped forward to retort: ??I heard that the king of Yin and Zhou lasted for thousands of years, and divided the meritorious officials among his descendants as his assistants. Now, Your Majesty, you have control over the whole world, but your children are ordinary people. If something happens suddenly, and you have no right and left hands, how can you rely on to save you? I have never heard of anyone who can last a long time without imitating the ancients. Now Qingchen is flattering you in person and aggravating your fault. He is not a loyal minister. ”
In this passage, although Chunyu Yue criticized Zhou Qingchen, the focus was not on that. There were two actual questions he raised: one was principled, that is, learning from the ancients; the other One is specific, that is, to divide the meritorious officials among his descendants. In this regard, Qin Shihuang did not express his opinion immediately, but "discussed it", that is, he left Chun Yuyue's opinions to everyone for discussion.
At this time, Li Si put forward his famous slogan: Five emperors will not be reunited, and three generations will not attack each other. "Li Si believed that the rulers of the past dynasties governed the country according to their own methods, not because they wanted to be new and different, but because the times were changing and the methods of governing the country were changing. Of course it has to change. He said to Qin Shihuang: The great cause that your Majesty has created and the eternal achievements you have established are beyond the comprehension of foolish scholars.
Besides, what Chunyu Yue said about the Three Generations is not worthy of imitation! At that time, the princes were fighting for each other, so they recruited people who studied abroad with generous treatment. Now that the world has stabilized and unified laws and regulations have been promulgated, people who are ordinary people should work hard and farm, and scholars should study the legal provisions. Nowadays, those scholars do not study modern things carefully, but use ancient things to criticize the present and confuse the people. In the past, the world was in chaos, and no one could unify it. Therefore, the princes came together and talked about the past and the present. They used false words to confuse the facts. Everyone thought that their own family's learning was good. , to criticize what the emperor had established.
Now that you have unified the world and distinguished right from wrong, they still respect private learning and teach each other some illegal things. When they heard an order from above, they each used their own theories to discuss it. When they entered the court, they murmured in their hearts. When they left the palace, they talked about it in the streets. They boasted that the emperor listened to his words to gain fame, and regarded strange talk as cleverness. If you lead everyone to say slanderous words and continue like this, your prestige as the emperor will decline, and cliques will form below you, which must be banned.
It was after speaking these words that Li Si formally proposed the idea of ??burning books. He said: "All history books that do not regard Qin as the authentic one will be burned. Anyone who is not a doctorate official and dares to collect poems and books written by hundreds of schools will be burned by officials. Anyone who dares to discuss poems and books together will be burned. , killed him and threw his body on the street. If the officials knew about it and did not report it, they would be guilty of it. Therefore, some experts believe that burning books and entrapping Confucianism is a long-term lie. The protagonist should not be Ying Zheng. Li Sihe's historical background at that time.
Those who did not burn the poems and books thirty days after the order was issued had their faces tattooed and went to build the Great Wall. If they wanted to, they would not burn the books on medicine, divination, and tree planting. Learn the laws and take officials as teachers." Qin Shihuang adopted Li Si's suggestion, and the burning of books began. There is also a record with basically the same content in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian": The book burning plan was planned by Li Si. After the plan was drafted, it was formally reported to Qin Shi Huang. After Qin Shi Huang approved it, he officially issued a book burning order, and the world started burning books with great fanfare. It may not be fair for Qin Shihuang to bear the responsibility alone. Moreover, Qin Shihuang believed that the books he burned were "of no use" and that he had "recruited many literary and art scholars in order to create peace."
2. The protagonist who was forced to go to Liangshan was Lin Chong
The allusion to the forced to go to Liangshan:
The leopard-headed Lin Chong was an 80-year-old from Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) The spear and stick instructor of the Ten Thousand Forbidden Army. He is honest, upright, and law-abiding.
One day, Lin Chong took his wife to Yue Temple to offer incense. On the way, I met the flower monk Lu Zhishen playing with a muddy iron Zen staff weighing more than 60 kilograms. Everyone cheered in unison, and Lin Chong was also attracted to watch. The two heroes Lu Zhishen and Lin Chong hit it off and became brothers. At this moment, the maid Jin'er hurriedly reported that Lin's wife was intercepted by gangsters on the road. Lin Chong hurriedly said goodbye to Lu Zhishen and went to Yuemiao to chase the gangsters. When Lin Chong caught the gangster raising his fist to hit him, he discovered that the man turned out to be Gao Yanei, his immediate boss and the adopted son of the treacherous minister Gao Qiu. When Gao Yanei and his group saw that the woman was Coach Lin's wife, they were afraid that she would not be their opponent in a fight, so they pretended to persuade her: "Ya Nei doesn't recognize her, there will be many collisions." After that, they took Gao Yanei away. At this time, Lu Zhishen also hurriedly arrived. After hearing the situation, he wanted to chase Gao Yanei, but was dissuaded by Lin Chong. Lin Chong endured the bad breath.
After Gao Yanei escaped, he still refused to give up and wanted to take over Lin's wife.
He designed together with Captain Gao to trick Lin Chong into Gao Mansion on the pretext of seeing a knife, framed Lin Chong for breaking into the White Tiger Hall with a knife, and jailed him for torture. It was inconvenient for Gao Qiu and his group to kill Lin Chong openly in Beijing, so they sent Lin Chong to Cangzhou (now part of Hebei Province) as an army conscript, bribed the police, and plotted to kill him when passing through the wild boar forest. Lu Zhishen secretly protected Lin Chong and made a big fuss in the wild boar forest. Gao Qiu's plot failed to succeed.
After arriving in Cangzhou, Lin Chong was assigned to take care of the army's fodder farm. Gao Qiu and his son were determined to be evil, so they sent their confidants to Cangzhou to set fire to the forage farm. In this way, even if Lin Chong was not burned to death, he would be executed because of the fire in the forage yard. When the forage yard was on fire, Lin Chong heard Gao Qiu's confidants talking proudly about their plot to assassinate him. He could no longer suppress the anger in his heart and killed his enemies one by one.
After that, Lin Chong resolutely went to Liangshan and embarked on the road of resisting the Song Dynasty.
3. The protagonist of serving the country with loyalty is Yue Fei
The allusion of serving the country with loyalty:
Yue Fei’s mother, Mrs. Yao Tai, was one of the four great virtuous mothers in ancient times and godson Serve the country with loyalty. As a model of maternal education and a role model for women, when the country was in danger, she inspired her sons to serve in the army and served the country with loyalty.
When Yue Fei was fifteen or sixteen years old, the Jin people from the north invaded the south. The people in power in the Song Dynasty were corrupt and incompetent, and they were retreating steadily. The country was at a critical moment of life and death. Yue Fei joined the army to fight against Liao. Soon after his father died, he retired from the army and returned to his hometown to observe filial piety.
In 1126, the Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains on a large scale, and Yue Fei surrendered to the army again. Before leaving, Mrs. Yao called Yue Fei to her and said, "Now that the country is in crisis, what are your plans?" "Go to the front line to kill the enemy and serve the country with loyalty!" Mrs. Yao was very satisfied after hearing her son's answer, "Be loyal and loyal." "Serving the country" is exactly what a mother hopes for her son. She decided to tattoo these four words on her son's back so that he would remember them forever. Yue Fei unbuttoned his shirt, revealing his thin back, and asked his mother to give him the needle. Mrs. Yao asked: "Child, acupuncture is very painful, are you afraid?" Yue Fei said: "Mother, a small steel needle is nothing. If you are afraid of needles, how can you go to the front line to fight!" Mrs. Yao first He wrote words on Yue Fei's back and then pricked it with an embroidery needle. After the tattoo was done, the mother-in-law applied vinegar ink.
From then on, the four words "Serve the country with loyalty" have remained on Yue Fei's back forever. Yue Fei was inspired by his mother's encouragement. After Yue Fei surrendered to the army, he was quickly promoted to Bingyilang for his bravery in battle. At this time, Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty, was besieged by the Jin army. Yue Fei went to the rescue with Deputy Marshal Zongze and defeated the Jin army many times. He was appreciated by Zongze, who praised him as "intelligent, brave and talented, and the ancient good generals cannot pass". Later he became a famous anti-Jin army Heroes are admired by people of all ages.
4. The protagonist who worked hard is Zhuge Liang
The allusion of working hard:
At the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Pi, Cao Cao’s son, deposed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty and changed the name of the country to Wei. He became emperor himself, namely Emperor Wen of Wei. At this time, Liu Bei, who occupied the Sichuan area, also declared his accession to the throne, and was known as the "first lord" of Shu Han in history. Liu Bei made Zhuge Liang his prime minister and established his capital in Chengdu. As a result, together with Soochow in Jiangnan (Jiangdong), the situation of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu officially emerged. (See "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage")
Soon, Liu Bei passed away, and Liu Bei's son Liu Chan took the throne as the "Launch Master". Zhuge Liang continued to serve as prime minister and was granted the title of "Marquis of Wuxiang". All military and political power in Shu was in his hands and was decided by him. Zhuge Liang had always advocated joining forces with Wu to attack Wei. At this time, he still formed a good relationship with Soochow and conquered Menghuo in the south. He pacified the counties in the south to eliminate his worries. Then he strengthened his military equipment, trained his troops and martial arts, and actively prepared for the northern expedition to Wei. . When sending out troops, he made a petition to his superiors, urging them to listen to loyal advice and appoint good ministers. This was later circulated as the "Preface to the Division". However, this Northern Expedition was not completed, so he temporarily withdrew his troops and returned to Shu. Some time later, Zhuge Liang launched the second Northern Expedition. At that time, some of the Shu ministers and officials were opposed to launching an army to attack Wei. Therefore, Zhuge Liang made another table to analyze the situation at that time, indicating that the Shu Han and Cao Wei were incompatible, and the Northern Expedition was necessary. This is the "Left out of the teacher's example" which was later circulated as well as "The former teacher's example".
Zhuge Liang’s two times as a teacher and his loyalty and integrity have made the article praised throughout the ages.