Confucius described the process of his learning and self-cultivation, "I have five tenths, and I am determined to learn." Stand at 30, don't be confused at 40, know your destiny at 50, listen at 60, and walk at 70 without overstepping the bounds. "This process is a process of gradually improving the ideological realm with the growth of age.
Standing at 30, this is the Analects? Confucius' self-evaluation of his life when he was in politics at the age of 30. For the comment of "standing at the age of 30", later generations more recognized that "a 30-year-old person should rely on his own skills and be able to independently assume his own responsibilities and determine his own life goals and development direction". In short, a 30-year-old should be able to face all difficulties calmly.
When Confucius said "standing at 30", he did not mean getting married and starting a career, but a conscious or relatively conscious consciousness of self-independence on the basis of a clear understanding and understanding of society and himself. People's consciousness of "standing" is a universal spiritual phenomenon, which has the characteristics of consciousness, independence, stage, process and internal and external unity. Today, we have neglected and forgotten the consciousness of "standing" in life. We should clearly realize that "standing" can truly settle down, undertake the lofty mission of life, cultivate noble moral sentiments, and our life can be meaningful.
Confucius taught us to be filial to our parents-the father is there, and we should look at his will; Father didn't. Look at his actions. "
"Confucius said: The father is there, watching his ambition; Father didn't, observe his actions; It is filial piety not to change the way of the father for three years. " Confucius believes that filial piety depends on what parents say. When the father is around, it should be regarded as the ideal ambition of the son; After the death of his father, it depends on whether his son can inherit his father's legacy and do things. If he can do it for three years, it will be considered "filial piety". This passage was once puzzling.
In fact, most of the words recorded in The Analects are just a few words. If we can't understand the cultural background and specific context of Confucius' time, it will be difficult to understand the true meaning of those words. For example, Confucius once praised "I am depressed for literature, I am from Zhou!" Zhou Wenwang, Zhou Wuwang and Duke Zhou were the founding fathers and sons of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were all highly respected. King Wu is a dutiful son. He is very filial to his father, King Wen. His younger brother, Duke Zhou, is not only filial to his father, but also very fond of his older brother, King Wu. When King Wu was seriously ill, his younger brother Duke Zhou privately made a wish, asking his ancestors to allow him to die instead of his older brother. Because King Wen and his son really fulfilled the ethics centered on filial piety, they were able to create a century-old Western Zhou culture and unprecedented political prosperity on the basis of the previous generation. This is Confucius's "father is there, watch his will;" Father didn't, observe his actions; The true historical background information of the sentence "three years without changing one's father's way can be described as filial piety"
Confucius taught us to make friends ―― if we live, we must choose our neighbors and make good friends.
According to the dictionary, straightness means integrity and magnanimity; Trust means honesty and trustworthiness; Listening more means seeing more and seeing more.
These three kinds of friends mentioned by Confucius can also be called friends who are afraid of friends, sincere friends and wise friends. They are called "three friends in life" here. People living in the world need to make these three kinds of friends.
Confucius taught us to fall in love and get married ―― the best model couple: a husband respects his wife.
Confucius particularly emphasized that husbands should respect their wives. He said: "In the past three generations, the government of Ming Wang must respect their wives. If you have a wife, you dare to disrespect. " (The Book of Rites? The standard of the best family is to achieve "the wife is easy to get along with, and the husband respects his wife, such as playing the harp ... a happy family and a rich wife." ("Poetry? Chang Di ")
Confucius said, "The way of a gentleman lies in husband and wife. What's more, look at heaven and earth. " (The Doctrine of the Mean) says: "Wife, daughter, husband, and peace." In ancient China society based on patriarchal clan system, the relationship between husband and wife was highly valued. People think that this is "the beginning of human relations" and "the foundation of Wang Hua". The state is the expansion of the family, and social norms are the extension of family ethics.
Confucius taught us to learn ―― knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing.
Confucius also believed that learning knowledge should seek truth from facts, pretend not to know, but be ignorant. He said to his disciples, "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing." In connection with seeking truth from facts, Confucius advocated: "nonsense, no need, no reality, no ego." It's not subjective, it's not absolutely certain, it's not stubborn, it's not self-righteous.
Today, we have entered the image age, with strong social utility and serious people's utilitarian thoughts. When dealing with learning, people tend to be impetuous, pretend not to understand, and insist that they don't understand, which is really harmful to others and themselves ... >>
Question 2: What did Confucius and Mencius teach us? Confucius' remarks are mainly included in The Analects compiled by his disciples. This is a dialogue style, which is characterized by commitment and rich meaning. Mencius' book Mencius is magnificent. In Mencius' own words, it is "I am argumentative" and "I am arrogant", full of momentum, eloquent and wise. Laozi, also known as Tao Te Ching, is a rhyming language, which is catchy to read and full of mysterious philosophy. Zhuangzi's "Zhuangzi", in his own words, is "Fable 19", which means that nine-tenths of the words are in the form of fables to explain the truth. It shows us Zhuangzi's wisdom in life with wonderful metaphors and exaggerated imagination. These four books are all classics in the pre-Qin period, which are helpful for self-cultivation and writing articles, and are worth reading. I like the Analects of Confucius and Zhuangzi best.
Question 3: What Confucian etiquette did Confucius teach us in Kong Xiaoqiu's lecture? Full moon ceremony for girls, weak crown ceremony for boys, crown ceremony. There are also complicated etiquette for entering the school and offering sacrifices to meet teachers and friends. Before marriage, of course, the ceremony of Duke Zhou is very important, and there are ceremonies when you get married. . .
If you want to put it in a popular way, it is: patriotism, professionalism, honesty and friendliness. ..........
Question 4: What did Confucius tell us about the popularity of The Analects in the world, especially in Japan? Several books about The Analects have been published, and many entrepreneurs have also studied The Analects. Books about The Analects are also very popular in China, and Yu Dan's A Guide to The Analects is even more popular. Zhongguancun Book Building alone sold 1.26 million copies, and Yudan signed more than 1 10,000 copies, setting a new record for all bookstores in Beijing. Since 7: 30 in the morning, readers have come to the bookstore to queue up to buy books. Because there were too many people buying books, the roads around the bookstore were congested and the bookstore closed for more than an hour.
Some parents even send their children to the Analects class. Over the years, The Analects of Confucius has had a far-reaching impact on China and the world. Learning Confucianism is a problem of cultural inheritance. As a member of the Chinese nation, we should know something about this. What ideas does The Analects provide us? Here is a brief introduction for you:
First, the role of Confucius as an example
The Analects of Confucius is a book about Confucius' words and deeds, compiled by Confucius' disciples.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, a native of surabaya county was named Qiu. He was born in Zhou Lingwang in February1year (55 BC1year). He was an outstanding thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China.
Confucius lived in a small official family. When he was three years old, his father, Shu, then a local official, died and later moved to Qufu (Qufu County, Shandong Province) with his mother. He lived a very poor life because of the decline of his family. But influenced by family culture, he inherited the etiquette of Shang and Zhou culture. When Confucius was a child, he used mud and wood blocks as sacrifices to play sacrificial games.
Confucius said, "I was determined to learn at fifteen, but I stood at thirty." Born in an educated family, he would never start studying at the age of fifteen. In other words, by the time he was fifteen, he had deeply realized the importance of learning and was determined to study harder consciously!
Confucius is an example of diligent study. He said a lot about learning. Let's learn about his study at that time:
At the beginning of The Analects of Confucius, it is said that "learning while learning is fun", which shows that he is willing to learn, and it is fun to learn with a happy mood.
He said, "I try not to eat for a day and stay up all night. It's useless to think, it's better to learn. " It can be said that it is a study that forgets to eat and sleep. Therefore, he has made great achievements in his studies. Some people praised him for his natural intelligence and said that he was a "prophet". Confucius disagreed with this statement and said frankly, "I am not born knowing, but good at learning." This is the real reason why all learned people acquire knowledge. There is not a person in the world who is born smart but doesn't study.
Confucius always treats learning honestly and never pretends to understand. He advocates "being sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions." Therefore, "Confucius went into the ancestral temple to ask everything." He always studies and studies with an open mind.
His knowledge is wide, not limited to books. He said: "Three people must learn from my teacher, choose the good one and follow it, and change the bad one." He also said: "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous" ... From his words, we can see the scientific nature of his spirit, methods, efforts and intentions.
Confucius persisted in learning all his life. He said that "there is no end to learning, and there is no tears in the coffin", which means that it is never too old to learn, and he did it. There is also an idiom about his study: "three unique" Wei means cowhide rope, which means absolutely broken.
There was no paper in ancient times, so we wrote words on bamboo slips and strung them together with cowhide ropes. Confucius read this book repeatedly and even broke the cowhide rope of bamboo slips many times. It can be seen that he studies hard.
Second, Confucius' Confucianism.
The core of Confucius' thought is the word "benevolence", which is an ideal problem in life and also a moral problem. Once a student Zi Gong asked Confucius, "If a person can be kind to everyone and help everyone, is this" benevolence "enough?" Confucius said, "Being benevolent and holy, I'm afraid even Yao and Shun can't do it."
As for "benevolence", he said that "a man with benevolence wants to establish himself and achieve himself", which means that you should also let others get what you want and achieve it, which means that you can't just care about yourself and selfishly ignore others ... This is the minimum principle of being a man and the highest moral standard.
Another student, Zi Gong, asked Confucius, "Is there a sentence that can be used as a lifelong criterion?" Confucius told him: "Don't do to others what you don't want" means you can't impose what you don't want on others! This can be said to be a supplement to the previous sentence.
There is a saying in the Christian Bible: "You should treat others as you want them to treat you ... >>"
Question 5: What learning methods did Confucius teach us to review in time in The Analects of Confucius? Review what you have learned; We should combine learning with thinking; We should learn more from the advantages of others, reflect on our own shortcomings and correct our own shortcomings.
Question 6: Confucius said this sentence, that is, to tell people, don't do to others what you don't want them to do-don't impose on others what you don't want to bear. That is, when you ask others to do something, first of all, you are willing to do it yourself, or you have done it yourself like others, then your request is relieved; The popular understanding is that if you can't do it yourself, you can't ask others to do it.
This sentence reveals the important principles of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Confucius said that people should treat others with their own behavior as a reference. People should have a broad mind. When dealing with people, don't be narrow-minded, be generous and forgive others. If you push something you don't want to do to others, it will not only destroy the relationship with others, but also make things deadlocked and out of control. The communication between people should really adhere to this principle, which is the embodiment of respecting others and treating others equally. In this world, we should pay attention not only to our own existence, but also to the existence of others. Everyone is equal.