Piero? Di？ Cosimo is about 1480? 1482 pastel painting and wood oil painting 29.2cm? The 23.5cm Metropolitan Museum of Art in new york shows that John the Baptist is one of the patron saints of Florence. In the15th century, John's image as a young man was particularly popular. This painting is similar to Botticelli's pagan theme painting in the 1980s of 15. Exquisite side modeling and soft colors are similar to marble relief. So, Piero? Di？ Cosimo (,1462? 1522) Copy that, Cosimo? Russell and the Dutch painter Hugo? Where is it? De? Gus' influence.
Back from Hunter Piero? Di？ Cosimoyo 1494？ 1500 pastel painting and wooden oil painting 70.5cm? 168.9cm Description of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York: The two paintings show the scenes of hunting and returning from hunting respectively. There are mixed-race creatures, naked early figures in the painting, full of strange imagination.
The main inspiration of these images comes from the philosophical poem On Nature written by Lucretius, a poet and philosopher at the end of Rome. Lucretius expounded and developed Epicurus' philosophy, holding that the universe is infinite and has its natural development process, and the evolution of human beings can be explained by natural rather than divine reasons. The history of primitive people described in these two paintings comes from Lucretius' view on the origin of human beings.
The first half of Botticelli's artistic career was full of glory, but in the last 15 years of his life, he encountered philosophical dilemma and expression crisis. The period from 65438 to the 1990s was a period of political turmoil in Italy. The French army invaded Italy twice, occupied Milan and Naples, and invaded northern Italy controlled by Venice.
In Florence, Lorenzo 1492 died and medici family was expelled, which also declared the end of a golden age. The Pisa people overthrew the Florentine rule in Pisa in 1494 and re-established the Republic of Pisa. Florence and China waged a long war against Pisa and China in order to regain access to the sea. In the chaos of this period, savonarola, an extreme Dominican monk, bewitched everyone with the theory of asceticism and became a new force in Florence.
According to vasari's record in Who's Who, Botticelli became a fanatical follower of savonarola in his later years and had deep doubts about his past beliefs and aesthetics. 1497, savonarola lit the infamous "void fire" in the square in front of the old palace of the municipal building, and threw the collected works of art representing secular pleasures into the fire, including many Botticelli's later works.
Botticelli gave up painting for a while and fell into poverty because he had no other source of income. He had to rely on the help of his friends, but he remained a diehard member of savonarola Sect until the latter was executed in 1498. After this dramatic event, Botticelli's reputation was greatly affected. In the last few years, his works were no longer popular, and few orders were received, only some small orders for paintings with religious and ancient themes. He became depressed and depressed, and these emotions were reflected in his later works.
Botticelli's later works, influenced by savonarola's thought, have more moral and religious connotations, and sometimes even show clear political information, such as Lucretia's story around 1500. Lucretia is a virgin in Roman legend. She was raped by the son of the last king in Rome, stabbed herself after revealing all the crimes, and the king was expelled. This theme of opposing tyranny is very popular in turbulent Italy and America. There are statues of David and Goliath in the painting. David and Goliath are symbols of Florence's resistance to tyranny.
Botticelli used a dramatic stage scene here, in which all the characters were still in an exaggerated stage action. He may have used this tragic story to express his views on the political situation in Florence. 65438+The Last Communion of Saint Jerome in the early 1990s was written by Florence wool merchant Francisco? Del? Made to order in pugliese.
Pugliese is a supporter of savonarola and an opponent of medici family. The wealthy businessman probably wanted to use this painting to show his religious attitude and resist the popular hedonism. St. Jerome was an ascetic monk and biblical scholar of Catholicism in the 4th century. His greatest achievement is to translate the Bible from Hebrew into Latin. The picture shows St. Jerome eating communion for the last time. He ate the wine and bread representing the flesh and blood of Jesus, and the angel will welcome him into heaven. This painting is concise and compact, without stylism. Botticelli's modeling skills can be seen in a sketch of the same manuscript.
The Last Communion Workshop of Saint Jerome Botticelli 15.9cm? The Three Miracles of San Senobi written by the Metropolitan Museum of Art with 19.7cm pen and brown ink is also a very simple work. In the years after savonarola, Botticelli's art gradually returned to the flat style of medieval Gothic art.
St. Senobius, the protagonist in the painting, is the first bishop of Florence. Botticelli presents a series of miracles in three independent scenes, similar to the comic strip form in medieval murals. Architecture and landscape are stylized, and the stories told lack dramatic and touching colors. This is not so much an expression of true feelings as a missionary work, which shows the degradation of Botticelli's later works.
Botticelli was about 65438+67.3cm in 0500? The Mysterious Birth of Jesus was painted at 150.5cm by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. It is Botticelli's only signature work and an unusual image about the birth of Jesus. The idea of painting originated from the Millennium theory popular in Italy at that time, that is, Jesus was born in the first year of the public, and may return to the time point with an interval of 500 years, that is, 1500 years. Botticelli believes that the turmoil in Italy and the disasters in life indicate the second coming of Jesus, who is the only savior of mankind. He created this work of "mysterious symbolism" in an extremely depressed atmosphere, which is an expression of inner anxiety.
This painting depicts the scene of Jesus' second coming, which is expressed by many religious symbols. The virgin under the stable looked at the newborn baby. On the top of the stable, there are three angels with hymns. There are some dancing angels in the golden halo above. Their olive branch is a symbol of peace. In the foreground, three angels embrace three Christians to celebrate this glorious moment. There are demons nailed to trees under the rocks on the left and right sides, which means atonement.
This painting has completely lost the aesthetic sentiment of Botticelli's mythological paintings in the 1980s, but returned to the tradition of medieval Gothic art ... The proportion of characters and environment does not conform to the law of perspective, the Virgin is bigger than the surrounding characters, which makes the protagonist's position more prominent, and the setting and color matching of other objects are more symbolic than realistic. The image of the Virgin Mary is solemn and sacred. Savonarola opposed secular art, complaining that the paintings in Florence church "made the Virgin look like a prostitute in clothes". Botticelli obviously accepted his point of view and brought the Virgin back to the emotionless image of the Middle Ages.
The Mysterious Birth of Jesus is a slightly odd work in Botticelli's work sequence, reflecting his lonely and painful last time. He was unmarried all his life and had no family or friends. He died of poverty in 15 10 and was buried in the cemetery of all saints' churches in Florence. His hope for God's salvation finally failed, and his name was gradually forgotten. It was not until the late19th century that the revival of Florence's art revived people's interest in his works. His art is highly regarded by critics as "Raphael's overture", which is obviously a great irony for Botticelli, a scholar who was down and out three centuries ago.