Hello, this question is still a bit complicated. The so-called e-commerce means that enterprises use the Internet to handle their daily business and transactions, that is, their daily contact with suppliers, customers, banks, distributors and other trading partners. American scholar Caracota &; Winston believes that from the perspective of communication, e-commerce uses telephone lines and computer networks to transmit information, products and services; From the perspective of business process, e-commerce is the technical application of business transaction and workflow automation; From the service point of view, e-commerce is a tool for enterprise management to reduce costs, improve product quality and speed up service delivery; From the network point of view, e-commerce provides the ability to buy and sell products and provide services on the network. E-commerce has changed the traditional way of face-to-face communication between buyers and sellers, and also broken the old work and business model. It enables enterprises to face the world through the network and provide all-weather services for users. In recent years, global e-commerce led by developed countries has developed rapidly. By 2003, the global B2B online transaction volume will reach 3.2 trillion US dollars. The rapid growth of e-commerce has brought huge and far-reaching business opportunities. Governments all over the world have made e-commerce plans and vigorously developed their own e-commerce construction. Although China's e-commerce has been developing in full swing in recent years, in the actual promotion process, its effect only stays at the primary level of e-commerce. It is necessary to carefully analyze the causes of this situation, so as to study the countermeasures suitable for the development of e-commerce in China and actively and steadily promote the development of e-commerce. Based on the analysis of the current situation of e-commerce in China, this paper puts forward the main problems that need to be solved in e-commerce in China at present, and further discusses the corresponding countermeasures. First, the status quo of e-commerce in China. The development of e-commerce in China originated from the application of EDI in 1970s. China Customs took the lead in adopting EDI for customs declaration. After several years of perfect development, enterprises can now apply for customs declaration through the Internet. The rapid development of e-commerce began with the commercial development of the Internet. From 1998, the concept of e-commerce has been publicized by data circles and media. In just two years, e-commerce in China has rapidly entered the implementation stage from the enlightenment stage. According to the research of the State Council Development Research Center, as of July 2000, the number of online stores in China has increased from more than 100 at the end of 2008 to nearly 65,438. The development area has expanded from a few cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou to major cities along the coast and the mainland. Many industrial and commercial enterprises in traditional industries have also begun to embark on the stage of e-commerce. At present, the rapidly developing e-commerce activities are online sales, online promotion and online services. The development of e-commerce in China is still in the primary stage. According to the statistics of the relevant departments of the Ministry of Information Industry of China, the national online consumption (excluding person-to-person auctions) was 55 million yuan (equivalent to 6.6 million US dollars), accounting for only 0.00 177% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods in that year. Based on this calculation, the development level of e-commerce in China is only 0.23 of that in the United States. By the end of 1999, there were 3.5 million computers connected to the Internet and 8.9 million Internet users, of which 50% were connected to the home. Among the existing network users, the proportion of participating in consumer e-commerce is only 28.6%. Only 20.3% netizens participated in online shopping, and only 40% of them were satisfied. Online trading in China is still in its infancy. Even if there are some transactions, most of them are realized by combining online communication information with traditional fund settlement and logistics methods. As traditional enterprises seldom get involved in e-commerce, on the whole, e-commerce in China is still in the primary stage. Second, the main problems of e-commerce in China, the rise of e-commerce, for China, challenges outweigh opportunities. China has encountered many problems in the process of developing e-commerce, which are far more than those in developed countries. It not only needs to solve the transition from closed to open EDI commerce, the confidentiality and security of large-scale transactions in internet commerce, electronic tax payment and its management, but also has a series of unique problems to be solved urgently. 1. Enterprise modernization. E-commerce consists of government regulation behavior and residents' consumption or investment behavior, but it is mainly the purchase and sale behavior of enterprises. Therefore, the development and modernization of enterprises are directly related to the foundation of e-commerce. At present, there are many problems in Chinese enterprises, such as low level of information management, imperfect information institutions, insufficient investment in information construction and high construction cost, and insufficient use of computer networks in enterprise management. The information processing capacity of state-owned enterprises is only 2. 1% of the world average. 70% of state-owned key enterprises think that information investment is insufficient, and the cumulative investment in information technology and equipment accounts for only 0.3% of total assets, which is far from the level of 8% ~ 10% of large enterprises in developed countries. 62% of enterprises also think that there is a lack of professional information technology talents. 2. Information network environment and conditions. At present, most of the basic or core technologies with intellectual property rights in China are owned by foreign R&D institutions or IT vendors. The key components of products or the basic platform for software development are mostly provided by foreign manufacturers, while domestic manufacturers only complete assembly and localized application development; High-performance computers and network equipment are mostly monopolized by brand products, and the products of domestic manufacturers only occupy the position of filling the gap; In the value-added and value-added field of information integration, the service level of domestic enterprises is relatively low, especially the integration of enterprises, industries and national economy, and its development, utilization, effective transmission and social enjoyment are basically in a blank state. In addition, due to economic strength and technical reasons, China's network infrastructure construction is still relatively slow and lagging behind, and the quality of the built network is far from meeting the requirements of e-commerce. Therefore, from the requirements of e-commerce, there is a big gap in network technology, network management, technical standards, consumption level, communication speed and security conditions. 3. Market maturity. The application fields of e-commerce are divided into two categories: transactions between enterprises and transactions between individual consumers and enterprises. As far as its development process is concerned, it will inevitably go through a stage from simple business information inquiry to online shopping and transaction realization. According to the survey, the total value of online services and products purchased by consumers on 1997 is $3.2 billion, but the amount of offline shopping after online product information search is $4.2 billion. It can be seen that it is not difficult to establish a smooth and fast shopping network, but it is not a matter of time to establish a mature and reliable consumption system and a market operation mode of mutual trust. In China, there are many irregularities in the quality assurance of goods supply, such as fake and shoddy goods, fake and shoddy products and after-sales service, which make customers doubt online consumption, so even customers with Internet access are willing to choose goods in the traditional way. In addition, for online transactions, customers or enterprises have no confidence in the security of online fund accounts. In this case, if we want to develop e-commerce, we must speed up the cultivation of the market and make it hot as soon as possible, so that e-commerce can develop healthily. 4. Pay online. E-commerce needs payment and settlement. In the future, if you want to trade directly online, you need to complete the transaction through various means such as bank credit cards, and pay and charge through the connection with the financial network in international trade. At present, the communication platforms selected by professional banks in various countries in China are not uniform, which is not conducive to the interconnection of inter-bank business, the financial supervision of the central bank and the implementation of macro-control policies. In addition, the credit card standards of different banks are not the same, so they can't be used universally, and online payment can't be realized by credit cards. China's financial industry urgently needs to adapt to the process of globalization and accelerate the pace of reform. 5. Coordination and unification. E-commerce is a kind of business activity that spans many departments, such as industry and commerce administration, customs, insurance, finance and taxation, banking, and different regions and countries. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of e-commerce, there must be certain standards and rules, a unified legal and administrative framework, and a strong comprehensive coordination organization. 6. Personnel quality and skills. E-commerce is a new thing, and its knowledge needs popularization. For our country, it is especially necessary to improve the computer level of enterprise leaders, the professional quality and network skills of business personnel. Obviously, according to the national conditions and conditions of China, it is impossible for China to solve all the above problems in a short time, but we can't wait until all the problems are solved before developing e-commerce. Developing e-commerce is a necessary and urgent problem in China. Therefore, only in the process of developing e-commerce can we actively promote the solution of these problems one by one. Three. Countermeasures and suggestions to solve current e-commerce problems. Enterprise informatization should be the basis of e-commerce. Enterprise informatization refers to the process of applying information technology to develop and utilize enterprise information resources and improve enterprise management level, development ability and operation level. Since the 1980s, the rapid development of global information technology, especially the emergence and popularization of the Internet, has made information technology rapidly penetrate into all fields of social economy, marking the formation of a global information society, and informatization has become a world trend independent of human will. Since 1990s, American economy has been growing continuously. One of the reasons is the rapid development of information technology and related industries, which is manifested in the rapid improvement of enterprise informatization level and the rapid popularization of information technology application. On the one hand, using information technology to transform traditional industries and quickly complete industrial upgrading; On the other hand, the application of information technology and the development of Internet have stimulated the development and production of computer software and hardware. "High growth, high employment and low inflation" has become an important symbol of American economic growth. In view of the actual situation in China, the focus of enterprise informatization at present is to establish and improve the management system with financial management as the core, and gradually promote the development of e-commerce. Take the lead in promoting the informatization construction of state key enterprises with a good foundation and drive the pace of informatization construction of enterprises nationwide. The strategy of enterprise informatization in China includes the following five aspects: (1) preparation of enterprise informatization. Strengthen the sense of urgency and responsibility of enterprise decision makers for enterprise informatization, establish an information work system with CIO as the core, study and formulate the overall planning and technical scheme of enterprise informatization, and make good preparations for capital, technology and talents. (2) Integrate internal resources. According to the requirements of enterprise internal resource management, realize the informationization of basic management and research and development. With the help of enterprise resource planning (ERP), computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) and computer aided design (CAD), R&D, production, supply, sales and service are connected to optimize human, financial, material and technical resources. (3) Utilization of external resources. By strengthening supply chain management and customer asset management (CAM) among enterprises, we can keep close contact with suppliers and sellers, track technology, customers and markets, and ensure timely understanding, rapid response and competitive advantage to market changes. (4) Establish an e-commerce community. When enterprise informatization develops to a certain stage, it should shift from its own informatization to the establishment of e-commerce community based on the Internet. Through the Internet, trade and business cooperation will be carried out between peers and between upstream and downstream enterprises, and information will be shared in real time, reducing intermediate links and eliminating information barriers. (5) Develop e-commerce. On the basis of the integration of information resources within enterprises and the collection, exchange and sharing of information among enterprises, information flows to capital flow and logistics, and the information platform is upgraded to trading platform, so as to actively and steadily carry out e-commerce. 2. Strengthen the active participation of the government and give play to the macro-planning and guiding role of the country. The development of e-commerce needs the active participation and promotion of the government and enterprises. In developed countries, the development of e-commerce mainly depends on the participation and investment of private enterprises, but it still needs the active guidance of the government. In developing countries, the direct participation and help of the government is even more needed. Compared with developed countries, enterprises in developing countries are small in scale, backward in information technology and low in solvency. Government participation is helpful to introduce technology, expand the scale of enterprises and improve the solvency of enterprises. In addition, the information industry in developing countries is mostly under government monopoly or high control. Without the active participation and help of the government, it will be difficult for these countries to develop e-commerce rapidly. When developing e-commerce in China, we should not only attach importance to the promotion of private sector and industrial sector, but also strengthen the macro-planning of government departments to develop e-commerce and provide a good legal and regulatory environment for the development of e-commerce. (1) Accelerate the construction of network infrastructure. E-commerce is developed on the telecommunication network. Therefore, advanced computer network infrastructure and loose telecommunications policies have become the premise of developing e-commerce. In China, due to the monopoly mechanism of telecommunications, economic strength and technical reasons, the high price of telecommunications services, limited bandwidth, untimely or unreliable services and other restrictive factors have affected the development of e-commerce in China. At the same time, another restrictive factor affecting the development of e-commerce in China is the low penetration rate of information terminal equipment. Judging from China's current economic development policy and ticketing speed, with the development of electronic technology and economy, the price of hardware terminal equipment will inevitably fall, which will inevitably lead to the popularization of hardware terminal equipment. Therefore, the development of our hardware terminal equipment will be greatly improved in a short time. For another restrictive factor, China is also increasing the support of competition mechanism policies. Moreover, with the confirmation of China's entry into WTO, on the basis of this hardware facility, we should pay attention to the following aspects in developing network infrastructure: First, the consistent decision-making, support and guidance of the government are the basis for promoting e-commerce. The state should formulate policies suitable for China's national conditions in a timely manner in the constantly developing and changing economic activities. Starting from China's national conditions, to relax the definition of e-commerce, we should not only promote EDI and the Internet, but also vigorously advocate and actively promote e-commerce through telephone, fax, television, electronic payment and remittance systems in China, accumulate useful experience from the stages of seeking, ordering, paying and transporting e-commerce and create necessary conditions. Second, it is based on an equal and open market competition mechanism. According to the experience of many developed countries in developing computer information networks, especially Internet/Intranet, the development of Internet in telecom monopoly countries is relatively slow. For example, some European countries and Japan. In countries with open telecommunications, such as the United States and Canada, the construction of Internet/Intranet and national information infrastructure has developed rapidly. The biggest beneficiaries of competition are users, who can always get better service and lower prices. The speed of e-commerce promotion is closely related to the price of network use. Third, vigorously develop a unified e-commerce application and service platform with China characteristics. Due to the weak infrastructure and blocked transactions in China, the application of e-commerce has developed healthily. Therefore, in order to realize the healthy development of e-commerce in China, we must vigorously build a solid and effective e-commerce infrastructure. (2) Encourage pilot projects and actively guide and promote enterprises to participate in e-commerce. In the process of promoting e-commerce, we should encourage pilots, gain experience and gradually push them away. E-commerce involves many fields and forms, and there are great differences between industries and regions in China. The management level of enterprises is high or low, and the understanding of e-commerce is not uniform. In this case, the pilot work is very important. First, for those areas with relatively developed economy, high degree of informatization, leaders' attention, demand for e-commerce and benefits, we should encourage them to seize the opportunity, develop various forms of e-commerce, give play to its demonstration effect, and gradually expand the proportion of e-commerce in the combination of e-commerce and traditional commerce. Problems that cannot be solved by e-commerce should be solved by the old methods of traditional commerce, so that the start and development of e-commerce will be easier. In China, the coastal and eastern areas with good foundation can be developed first, and then the western areas can be promoted. The second is to promote e-commerce in some fields that are more suitable for the management and operation characteristics of e-commerce, such as computer software, book publishing, medicine and other industries. Let enterprises in these industries take the lead in success and then drive other enterprises. At the same time, we should pay attention to the choice of promotion focus. Large enterprises have abundant funds and are more likely to get started. However, some large enterprises have been doing well in using traditional commerce, which makes it easy for them to change their marketing methods at once. Some small and medium-sized enterprises need to use e-commerce to promote their products to the market. Therefore, perhaps some small and medium-sized enterprises will be more keen on developing e-commerce. The state should give strong support to units that actively carry out e-commerce pilot projects in terms of funds, taxation and publicity. Strengthen industry management from a macro perspective, formulate corresponding policies and measures, and actively help enterprises solve difficulties, thus ensuring the healthy development of e-commerce in China. (3) A well-structured legal environment. The sustainable development of global e-commerce will depend on the formulation of contract legal framework, which will make transnational transactions in the electronic market unified and legal certainty, regardless of whether these transactions are carried out within the same country or transnational. In cyberspace, the traditional jurisdiction boundary is no longer applicable, which makes it very uncertain which of the two laws or the new law is suitable for regulating contracts. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate general legal principles to solve similar contract problems and clarify relevant legal responsibilities. Only when there are clear and consistent legal principles recognized by local, national and international legal authorities, and only when customers, governments and companies think that e-commerce has the same certainty as face-to-face or paper transactions at present, global e-commerce can exert its full potential and China's participation in global e-commerce is meaningful. The legal protection issues involved in e-commerce mainly include: First, from the perspective of transaction security, it is necessary to formulate some relevant e-commerce laws to ensure the effectiveness of online transaction contracts, strengthen data protection, protect users' personal privacy, and ensure users' right to control information on the Internet, so as to solve various disputes in e-commerce, prevent fraud and other cases, ensure that consumers' legitimate rights and interests in e-commerce activities are not infringed, and prevent unilateral generation and modification of transaction information. Secondly, from the perspective of electronic payment, it is also necessary to formulate corresponding laws to clarify the legal relationship between the parties involved in electronic payment, including the payer, the payee and the bank, formulate relevant electronic payment systems, and recognize the legitimacy of electronic signatures. At the same time, it should also introduce the methods to deal with the forgery, alteration, tampering and surplus sales of electronic payment data. Thirdly, according to the development of e-commerce, some laws and regulations should be supplemented, revised and improved. This aspect mainly includes: how the bill law applies to e-commerce vouchers; How the Consumer Protection Law protects the rights and interests of online shopping consumers; How the existing intellectual property law protects network intellectual property rights; How does the advertising law control online advertising? (4) Strengthen the research of e-commerce security technology and the formulation of standards. In order to enhance people's trust in e-commerce, in addition to enacting laws, we must also strengthen computer security technology. The relevant departments should organize a competent security technology research team and concentrate on solving the security technology problems of e-commerce as soon as possible, including password technology, firewall technology, authentication technology, marking technology and so on. And with the development of computer and e-commerce technology, we can constantly improve these technologies. At the same time, in order to ensure the safety of online transactions, we should start to establish the corresponding national security control center system. The system should include international entry-exit (information customs) monitoring, electronic transaction certificate authorization, key management, security product evaluation and certification, virus detection and prevention, system attack and counter-attack sub-centers. Through the coordination of various security control sub-centers, the risk of e-commerce transactions is minimized. In order to ensure the smooth completion of online e-commerce activities, it is necessary to build a public electronic goods shopping guide platform, which mainly involves the construction of network platform and enterprise information base. The transaction information that people send to the Internet must be transmitted accurately and quickly among suppliers, distributors, management departments, banks, transportation and other departments, which requires all countries and departments to unify the standards and protocols for information storage, communication and processing, and have a coordinated shopping guide platform. At the same time, the construction of commodity information database of each enterprise is the foundation of the platform. Without a commodity information base that meets the platform standards, e-commerce will lose its foundation for survival. (5) Strengthen personnel training. In e-commerce activities, every field and every process is inseparable from people. The current e-commerce in China needs not only high-tech talents, but also a large number of compound talents who master modern information technology and modern business theory and practice. Therefore, the government should make full use of various ways and means to cultivate, introduce and reasonably use a group of professionals with high quality and reasonable level, and have professional support in network, computer and management, so as to speed up the pace of e-commerce construction in China. The state should encourage the education department to popularize network knowledge to students, and offer elective courses such as Internet, e-commerce and information management in qualified schools, especially in some colleges and universities, so as to cultivate high-quality compound talents to meet the needs of society. . Welcome to ask questions to 158 Education Online.