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The difference between "intelligent" buildings and "intelligent" buildings
Intelligence is more reflected in the hardware level, such as the self-contained system of security system and UPS system of intelligent building. By adopting a series of intelligent means, the system efficiency is improved and the management is simplified. In short, each hardware subsystem of an intelligent building has its own function and manages itself.
Intelligence, like the human brain, is a whole. It integrates all subsystems, not just hardware, but all kinds of systems and networks through the combination of software and hardware. For example, through electronic distribution frame, wiring connection information can be integrated with other management systems, and data between different systems can flow freely and be shared.
From "intelligent building" to "smart building", it takes four points.
Collection and preservation of operation data of large buildings
Data is the foundation of building intelligence. However, at present, even high-standard and well-funded construction projects lack effective collection and (long-term) preservation of building operation data. Even if the building automation system is installed in the building, most of the data collected by the sensor will only be stored for a short time because of the lack of data storage capacity. Due to the lack of detailed historical data of high-frequency building operation, the idea of artificial intelligence has become a moon in the water and a flower in the mirror. Because most methods of artificial intelligence are "finding rules", that is, finding the statistical relationship of relevant parameters in data through a large number of data. If there is not a lot of "real data", then naturally there is no law.
Effective management of building operation data
Although architecture is not a precision instrument, it contains a lot of data because of its large scale. Even an ordinary small office building (two floors, 2000 square meters) has thousands of data points in its building automation system. Anyone who has been exposed to building automation system data should have complained: What is the function of this data point? Because there is no uniform naming convention, it is often impossible to find the target data point in hundreds of data points. At present, some people study how to integrate building operation data into BIM (Building Information Model). But the problem is that native BIM data standards (such as IFC) do not support the integration of real-time running data.
A more complete actuator network
At present, the development trend of intelligent buildings is to install more and more sensors in buildings, but the number of actuators is far from enough. Generally speaking, the only automatic control system in a building is the air conditioning system. Other components closely related to indoor environmental parameters, such as window switches and shutters, are manually controlled. In fact, there are many related products on the market, but the prices are generally high. In this way, the current research on intelligent control of buildings focuses on the control of indoor thermal environment. But in fact, it is not only the thermal environment that affects residents' satisfaction, but also the light environment, natural ventilation, air quality and so on, which cannot be automatically adjusted by most buildings at present.
people-oriented
There is a very popular concept called "humanintheloop" in intelligent buildings. Its specific meaning is that intelligent buildings should take the comfort and health of everyone in the building as the most important goal, and residents should be able to really control their own building environment. In the traditional commercial building control, residents can hardly control anything in the building. The switch of the air conditioner and the set temperature are all set by the property management personnel in advance. Because everyone's behavior is different from everyone's preference for comfort, and changes with time and other parameters, this simple and rude method will inevitably reduce the comfort of occupants and the energy efficiency of building systems. In addition, because residents lose control of the environment, their subjective feelings about comfort will also decrease.
What needs to be done to develop from intelligent building to intelligent building? I believe that seeing here has answered your question about this. In urban construction, "intelligence and safety" are put in the first place, which is an important part of building a "smart city and a harmonious society". With the development of construction economy, the social demand has increased greatly, and the government's attention and investment have brought huge business opportunities to the intelligent building industry chain.