1. Historical Significance of the Tang Dynasty Since China entered the feudal society at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, its social, economic, political, cultural and other aspects have advanced along a tortuous road, and there have been three * * * times in the development process, that is, three heydays. The first * * * was produced in the Western Han Dynasty, the third * * * was produced in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the second * * * was produced in the Tang Dynasty. In the second heyday, especially in the early Tang Dynasty, agricultural production flourished, handicrafts became increasingly sophisticated, commodity economy was unprecedentedly prosperous, and urban traffic was busy. In the late Tang Dynasty, the economy of the south of the Yangtze River developed further, which laid the foundation for the economic level of the south to surpass that of the north in the future. Politically, there were Zhenguan, Kaiyuan rule, national unity and social stability, showing a peaceful scene, which surpassed the "rule of cultural scene" in the Western Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it reached its peak in its heyday, and even the "prosperous Tang Dynasty" appeared in the literary world.

As far as the world is concerned, the Tang Dynasty is also one of the most important and powerful countries. The feudal powers in Europe mainly include the Frankish Kingdom and the Byzantine Empire, but in terms of the development stage of feudal society, they are far behind the Tang Dynasty. Feudal cities in western Europe have not yet appeared. Except for the brief prosperity of the Eastern Roman Empire in Justinian, the social development process was quickly interrupted by the invasion of * * * countries. The later western powers were * * * countries spanning three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, but feudalism did not gradually form until the 8th century. The important countries in the East are India and Japan. The feudal system was established before and after the Indian Anti-Japanese King unified the subcontinent. After his death, the subcontinent immediately fell apart, and the separatist situation continued until the end of 12. Although Japan tried to imitate the system of the Tang Dynasty, the reform itself only had the nature of transition from slavery to feudalism. In the world, the Tang Dynasty not only stood on its own feet among the nations of the world, but also belonged to the most advanced ranks.

Secondly, the Tang Dynasty was a key stage of obvious changes in China's feudal society, and it was a turning point from the early stage to the later stage. In this sense, the Tang Dynasty also has an important historical position. At that time, the center of social change was: on the basis of the improvement of productivity, the land system changed greatly, that is, after more than 200 years of intermittent implementation of the land equalization system, it finally lost its vitality and went to collapse, and the landlord's land ownership began to develop unprecedentedly in the middle of the eighth century. This change in economic base has caused a series of changes in the field of superstructure, and the peasant uprising has also put forward a new programmatic slogan. Many budding new things appeared in the late Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching impact on the historical development of more than a thousand years later. These new things are mainly: the rapid expansion of landlord land ownership has caused unprecedented serious inequality between the rich and the poor. In view of this social reality, the peasant uprising put forward the requirement of average prosperity. Wang Xianzhi's title of "Tian Bu General" is not only a title, but also a battle slogan. It is also the predecessor of the slogan of "equal wealth" of peasant uprising in Song Dynasty, "equal land system" of Li Zicheng uprising in Ming Dynasty and the land program of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Qing Dynasty. The change from the tenancy system to the two tax laws is not only a reform of the tax system in the Tang Dynasty, but also a watershed from the Han Dynasty when the class service focused on Dingkou and ignored land production. The "two taxes" in the Song Dynasty, the "one whip" in the Ming Dynasty and the "laying ding in the ground" in the Qing Dynasty are the continuation and development of Yang Yan's two taxes system. The philosophical thoughts of Han Yu and Li Ao in the middle Tang Dynasty set a precedent for Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. The ancient prose movement advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan laid the foundation for the second * * * of the "ancient prose movement" in Song Dynasty, and the wind of writing ancient prose continued until the eve of the "May 4th" vernacular movement. Thus, from the middle Tang Dynasty to the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, the slow change of China feudal society was brewing for 200 years, and a series of new things came into being in the late Tang Dynasty. At this historical turning point, there are both the pains of the decline of the old era and the dawn of a new era.

Thirdly, the Tang Dynasty also has an important historical position in the development of multi-ethnic countries in China. The Qin and Han Dynasties was the first crucial historical period for the formation of a multi-ethnic country, but after Wei and Jin Dynasties, it fell into ethnic melee, and this process slowed down temporarily. The Sui Dynasty lasted for a short time, and it was overthrown by the peasant uprising that it was able to make greater contributions in this respect. The Tang dynasty lasted for a long time, was unified in the early stage, had strong national strength and a vast territory. A high level of material civilization and culture has enhanced the centripetal force of neighboring ethnic groups, and the contacts and exchanges between ethnic groups in China have developed unprecedentedly, and ethnic relations have become closer. Therefore, after the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty was the second historical stage of the growth and development of China's multi-ethnic countries.

The outstanding international status and outstanding economic and cultural achievements of the Tang Dynasty Empire made Asian countries and even some European and African countries envious, competing to communicate with the Tang Dynasty, thus making China a bridge and center for economic and cultural exchanges among Asian countries, and also playing a significant role in Sino-Western exchanges. In the world at that time, the centers of cultural exchange were mainly Indian, * * * and China, among which China was the most prominent. The Tang Dynasty is the second period of economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in China history after the Han Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty made dazzling achievements in developing economy, culture, strengthening ethnic relations and strengthening international exchanges, thus ushered in the second heyday in China's history. The history of the late Tang Dynasty opened a clue for the great changes of feudal society in China. The Tang Dynasty was indeed an extraordinary era.

2. History of the Tang Dynasty 6 18 -907) After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the systems of three provinces and six departments, imperial examination, land equalization system and tenancy system were continuously improved, and the society developed rapidly.

During the reign of Emperor Taizong, "the rule of Zhenguan" appeared. Since then, the political situation has changed, resulting in the history of Wu Zetian changing to Tang Jianzhou.

During the Kaiyuan period, the Tang Dynasty reached its peak. After the Anshi Rebellion, on the one hand, there was a separatist situation in the buffer region, and at the same time, the eunuch's authoritarian power and bureaucratic forces launched a fierce struggle, which gradually weakened the rule of the Tang Empire.

After the peasant uprising in Huang Chao, the Tang Dynasty quickly went to ruin. During the Tang Dynasty, the social economy developed rapidly.

Agricultural production technology advances, grain yield per mu increases; The level of handicraft industry has improved, and the products are richer and more sophisticated; With the expansion of commercial scale and the close economic exchanges between North and South, cabinets and flying money have appeared. At the same time, there is a trend that the economic center of gravity moves south.

The Tang dynasty strengthened the management of the surrounding minority areas, so it stood tall in the world as the center of economic and cultural exchanges. During the Tang Dynasty, the culture was brilliant, with brilliant achievements in religious thought, literature and art, history, science and technology, which produced outstanding figures such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Xuanzang, Liu Zhiji, monks and his party, and Sun Simiao.

In addition, the open social atmosphere and colorful folk life made the Tang Dynasty show a high degree of civilization.

3. What contribution did Wu Zetian make to Tang Dynasty? I think Wu Zetian's contribution to the Tang Dynasty is as follows: 1. Political clarity Wu Zetian advocated the imperial examination and was able to make an exception. Wu Zetian selected a group of outstanding talents through imperial examinations, bootstrapping and others' recommendation, and became the mainstay of Wu Zhou regime such as Emperor, Yao Chong and Song Jing. Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, also thought that Wu Zetian was "autonomous, able to see clearly and judge accurately". Economic development Wu Zetian attached importance to agricultural production. She continued to implement the system of land equalization. Military land reclamation and farming in remote areas have achieved remarkable results. These measures have promoted the development of agricultural production. The handicraft industry in the era of Wu Zetian was also developing, mainly in mining, casting and textile. 3. In the era of Wu Zetian's administration, she inherited Tang Taizong's policy of national appeasement and "if it falls, it will be slow, if it falls, it will be chaotic." The loyal opposition has achieved great success in dealing with the intrusion and rebellion of Tubo, Qidan and Tubo nobles. Although it changed its name, I'm afraid that when Xuanzong grew up, the Tang Dynasty would have died before the "Datang".

4.( 1) Emperor Taizong's title is Zhenguan. He learned the lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty and made great efforts to govern the country. During his reign, there was a period of Qingming rule, which was called "Zhenguan rule" in history; During the reign of Wu Zetian, Emperor Taizong continued to implement the policy of developing production and selecting talents, saying that her rule was "Kaiyuan, Governing Macro Festival"; In the early reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the politics was clear, the economy was unprecedentedly prosperous, the warehouses were enriched, and the population increased obviously. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "the prosperous time of Kaiyuan" in history. (2) Politically, Emperor Taizong merged counties and cut off the bad politics of "fewer people and more officials"; In terms of ethnic relations, an enlightened ethnic policy is implemented, and all ethnic groups are treated equally; Economically, it pays little attention to taxes, reduces farmers' labor and attaches importance to production. Due to the political clarity, social stability and economic development in the period of Emperor Taizong, this issue is called the rule of Zhenguan. (3) this topic is an open topic, which can revolve around "people-oriented, governing the country by virtue, managing the country by diligence and thrift, appointing people on their merits, and not greedy for pleasure." (2) kaiyuan shengshi. (2) politics: d; Economy: c; Nationality: A.(3) People-oriented, rule by virtue, diligence and thrift, make great efforts to govern, etc.