1. Background: After two Opium Wars and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the rule of the Qing government was very difficult at home and abroad.

2. Time: 19, 1960s-1990s.

3. Purpose: Learn from foreigners, strive for self-improvement, make use of western advanced technology, enrich Qiang Bing and safeguard the rule of Qing Dynasty.

4. Representative figures: Central-Yixin, Local-Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo and Zhang Zhidong.

5. Slogan: "self-improvement" in the early stage and "seeking wealth" in the later stage.

6. The main activities of the Westernization Movement:

(1) In the early stage, the military industry was established with the slogan of "self-improvement". Target: Armed forces.

Zeng Guofan's Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute, China No.1 Arsenal, was the beginning of Westernization School's imitation of Western-style ship guns.

B Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang founded Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration in Shanghai.

It is the largest modern military industry run by the Westernization School.

Fuzhou Shipping Bureau is the first transportation enterprise in China founded by Zuo in Mawei, Fuzhou.

It was also the largest shipyard in the Far East at that time.

(2) In the later period, the civilian industry was founded with the slogan of "seeking wealth" (reason: auxiliary military industry)

A: Li Hongzhang founded China Shipping Merchants, the first shipping company in China, in Shanghai.

B Zhang Zhidong founded Hubei weaving layout. See page 29 of this book for Hanyang Iron Works (the first iron and steel works near China).

(3) Planning for coastal defense, and preparing for the establishment of three navies: Nanyang, Beiyang and Fujian.

(4) Establish new schools, train talents, and train a number of modern diplomatic, military, scientific and technological talents.

→ Shi Jing Wentong Museum was established in 1862.