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Our great motherland has a long history. According to the ancient tradition, from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the present, about

It has a history of more than 4000 years, which is usually called "up and down five thousand years".

In the 5,000-year history, there are many touching and meaningful stories. Many of them are recorded in writing. Until/very

There is no written record of the ancient situation five thousand years ago, but some myths and legends have been circulated.

Where did our ancestors come from? In ancient times, there was a myth that Pangu created heaven and earth, saying

The point is that before the creation of heaven and earth, the universe was just a chaotic gas, in which there was no light and no sound. At this time, it came out.

A Pangu was killed and the axe was chopped. Light gas rises to the surface and becomes the sky; Heavy gas sinks,

It became land.

From then on, the sky was ten feet high, the ground was ten feet thick, and Pangu himself was ten feet high. So after a while.

In 8000, the sky was high and the ground was thick, and Pangu certainly became a giant with indomitable spirit. Later, Pangu

After Shi died, all parts of his body became the sun, moon, stars, mountains, rivers, vegetation and so on.

This is the creation myth.

Myth is just a myth after all, and no one will believe there is such a thing now. But people like this myth, and when it appears,

History often says that it began with "Pangu opened the world". This is because it symbolizes the great spirit and rich creativity of human beings in conquering nature.

Force.

So, where should human history begin? Later, with the development of science, people dug out of the ground.

Stone proves that the earliest ancestor of mankind was an ape-man transformed from an ancient ape.

Scientists in China have unearthed many fossils and remains of ape-man bones all over the country, and we can see our ancestors.

The earliest hominids in China have a history of more than one million years. Like Yuanmou ape-man found in Yunnan, there are about 170.

100,000 years of history; Lantian ape-man unearthed in Shaanxi is about 800,000 years ago. Take the famous Beijingers as an example, there are also four.

It has a history of 500 thousand years.

Here, let's start with Beijingers. Beijingers live in Zhoukoudian area. The climate in northern China at that time.

It is milder and wetter than it is now. Under the mountain, there are trees, shrubs and lush weeds. A fierce tiger, leopard, wolf, bear, etc.

Wild animals haunt the Woods and Shan Ye. Elephants and rhinos also grow there.

Cattle and sika deer.

The strength of ape-man can't compare with these fierce beasts, but the fundamental difference between them and any animal is that ape-man can.

Enough to make and use tools. This tool is very simple, one is a stick and the other is a stone. Branches, there are many in the Woods,

But it was cut down; As for the stone, it was smashed by hand. Although rough, it is a tool made by people after all.

They use this simple tool to collect fruits and dig the roots of plants to eat. They also use sticks and stone tools to go into the wild.

Animals fight and hunt.

However, this tool is too simple after all. The food they get is very limited. They can't live independently.

In order to survive, we have to live in groups, working hard and being attacked by wild animals. This kind of crowd is called primitive crowd.

Hundreds of thousands of years have passed, and apes have evolved through hard struggle. In the cave at the top of Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, hair

Now the remains of another primitive man. The appearance of this primitive man is no different from that of modern people. We call it.

"Neanderthal"

Neanderthals' labor tools have been greatly improved. Not only can they smash stones into axes and hammers, but they can also smash them.

The bones of wild animals are ground into bone needles. Don't look at this little spicule. At that time, it was not a simple thing for people to sharpen bone needles.

Single thing. With bone needles, people can sew animal skins into their clothes, instead of being naked as in the period of Peking man.

Neanderthals also lived in groups. But their social life has been fixed according to blood relationship. A collective

Members are all Mr. Tongzu, that is, people of the same clan. In this way, when human society enters the clan commune.

It's the time.

2 the legend of drilling wood for fire

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In ancient China, there were many legends about how human life evolved from primitive people to clan commune. There is a legend.

Some big shots, these people are often both leaders and inventors. Most of this legend is based on ancient times.

Imagined by human life.

Primitive people's tools are very simple, and there are many wild animals around them, which will hurt them anytime and anywhere. Later, they

Seeing birds nesting in trees, wild animals can't climb up and hurt them. Primitive people learned to be like birds from trees.

A nest is to build a hut in a tree. It's much safer this way. Later, people called it "building a wood for a nest" (nest

Cháo is a bird's nest). Who invented it? Of course, everyone came up with it together. But in legend, it is

Suppose there is a person who teaches you to do this. His name is "Youchao".

The earliest primitive people didn't know how to use fire. Everything is eaten raw, not counting the fruits of plants.

Wild animals will be eaten alive, even if there is blood in their hair. Later, fire was invented (on the site of Peking Man in Zhoukoudian,

Traces of fire were found, indicating that the use of fire was known at that time.

The phenomenon of fire has existed in nature for a long time. The volcano erupted and there was fire. When thunder and lightning strike, the forest will catch fire. can

It was primitive people who began to see fire instead of using it, and they were scared to death. Later, I occasionally picked up a wild animal that was killed by fire and brought it here.

Try it. It's delicious. After many experiments, people gradually learned to eat with fire and tried to save it.

Come on, make it immortal.

After a long time, people put hard and sharp wood on another hardwood and drill a fire.

The stars are coming; Others beat flint (flint) to knock out the fire. It will be understood that workers can make a fire (from the test

According to ancient data, Neanderthals have learned to make artificial fires. Who invented it? Working people, of course, but the legend

Some people say that it is a person, called "Nianren".

Artificial lighting is a great invention. From then on, people can eat cooked food and eat it at any time.

The variety of things has also increased. It is said that Suiren also taught people to fish. It turns out that fish, turtles, clams, clams and the like are raw and have a fishy smell.

You can't taste shame. If you have a way to make a fire, you can cook it.

I don't know how long it took, but people began to make nets with ropes and hunt with nets, and invented bows and arrows, not just using them.

It is much better to hunt with sticks and stone tools. Not only animals on the ground, but also birds in the sky and fish in the water can be photographed.

Kill and capture. Most of the birds and animals caught are alive and can't be eaten for a while. Or you can keep it until next time.

In this way, people learned to raise again. This work of weaving nets, hunting and raising animals is accumulated by people in their labor.

Experience. Legend has it that the people who invented these things were Fu or Dong Shi (Dong Yin páox

Moreover, blisters are kitchens, and sacrifices are animals.

I don't know how many years have passed during this fishing and hunting period, and human civilization has made more and more progress. At first, people occasionally reach out their hands.

Wild millet was scattered on the ground, and in the second year, seedlings were found on the ground. In autumn, more millet grew. what

Yes, people grow them in large quantities. They use wood to make a farm tool for farming. This farm tool is called Lei Lei.

Plant a wooden shovel with a handle. They cultivated land and planted grain, and gained more. Later, it was said that these plants were planted as crops.

Some people say it's a man named Shennong.

The legendary Shennong has personally tasted all kinds of wild weeds and fruits, sweet, bitter and even poisonous.

Yes He not only found many edible foods, but also found many medicinal materials that can cure diseases. It is said that the pharmaceutical industry is just

That's when it started.

From the one-day family to the Shennong family, these legendary big men actually don't exist. But from building wood as a nest, drilling wood for taking.

Fire, until the development of fishing, hunting, animal husbandry and agriculture, reflects the development of primitive productive forces, which is reasonable. Christian era

1952, a clan village site was discovered in banpo village, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, about 67000 years ago. From the ruins

By that time, people had learned to raise and cultivate the excavated things.

The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou.

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About 4,000 years ago, many clans and tribes lived in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China. The Yellow Emperor is the most legendary.

A famous tribal leader.

The tribe headed by the Yellow Emperor first lived near Jishui in the northwest of China, and later moved to Zhuolu (now Zhuohe in Hebei Province).

Deer, Huailai area), began to develop animal husbandry and agriculture and settled down.

Yan Di, another tribal leader who was contemporary with the Yellow Emperor, originally lived near Jiang Shui in northwest China. It is said that with the Huangdi clan

Close relatives. The Yan Di family gradually declined, while the Huangdi family flourished.

At that time, there was a leader of the Jiu Li nationality named Ch and Y not u (Ch and Y not u), who was very strong. Legend has it that there are eighty Chiyou.

A brother, they are all the bodies of wild animals, with copper heads and iron foreheads, eating sand and stones, and they are extremely fierce. They also make swords, halberds and crossbows.

Various weapons often lead his tribe to invade other tribes.

On one occasion, Chiyou occupied the territory of Yan Di, and Yan Di rose up to resist, but he was no match for Chiyou and was killed by Chiyou.

It failed. Emperor Yan had no choice but to flee to Zhuolu and ask the Yellow Emperor for help. The Yellow Emperor has long wanted to get rid of the scourge of tribes and unite.

All tribes, prepare troops, and fight against Chiyou in the land of Zhuolu.

There are many myths and legends about this war. It is said that the Yellow Emperor domesticated bears, Yi (sound pí) and Yi (sound).

Pí), vanadium (sound xiū),? (sound chū) Six kinds of wild animals, tigers, let these wild animals go out in the war.

To help fight (some people think that the legendary six kinds of wild animals are actually six clans named after wild animals). Although the soldiers of Chiyou

Fierce, but when I met the troops of the Yellow Emperor, plus this group of fierce tigers and beasts, I couldn't resist at all and ran away.

When the Yellow Emperor led his troops to attack and kill, the sky was dark, the fog was thick, the wind was strong, and the thunder and lightning made the Yellow Emperor's soldiers

Scholars can't catch up. It turned out that Chiyou invited "Fengbo Rain Master" to help. Not to be outdone, the Yellow Emperor asked the goddess to help him dispel the wind.

It is raining. In an instant, the wind stopped raining and the sky was clear. Wanli finally defeated Chiyou. There is also a legend that Chiyou uses magic.

The technique created a fog, which made the soldiers of the Yellow Emperor lose their way. Huangdi used the "south guide car" to guide and lead soldiers.

Chiyou fled in the direction of pursuit, and as a result, Chiyou was caught and killed. These myths reflect that the war is very fierce.

The tribes were very happy to see that the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou. The Yellow Emperor was supported by many tribes. However, the Yan Di family and

The Yellow Emperor clan also clashed. The two sides fought a battle in Hanquan (now southeast of Zhuolu County, Hebei Province), and Emperor Yan failed. Since then,

Huangdi became the leader of the tribal alliance in the Central Plains.

In the legendary era of the Yellow Emperor, there were many inventions, such as building palaces, making cars, building ships, making five-color clothes and so on.

Of course, none of these were invented by one person, but later people put them on the account of the Yellow Emperor.

Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor had a wife named Zukun (sound léi) who personally took part in labor. At first, silkworms were only wild, while people

I don't know the use of silkworms yet. My ancestors taught women to raise silkworms, reel silk and weave silk. From then on, there was silk and silk.

The Yellow Emperor also had a historian, Cang Xie, who created ancient Chinese characters. We haven't met.

Text, also can't look up.

Ancient legends in China highly praised the Yellow Emperor, and later generations believed that the Yellow Emperor was the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and he belonged to the Yellow Emperor.

Children and grandchildren. Because Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor are close relatives, and then they merge together, so we often call ourselves inflammation.

Huang's descendants. In order to commemorate this legendary ancestor, later generations also built this bridge on Qiaoshan, north of huangling county, Shaanxi.

A "Huangdi Mausoleum".

Yao Heshun gave a way

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Legend has it that after the Yellow Emperor, there were three famous tribal alliance leaders, whose names were Yao and Shun.

Hong) and Yu (they used to be the leaders of a tribe, and later they were elected as the leaders of the tribal alliance.

At that time, the leaders of tribal alliances had to consult with tribal leaders on any major issues.

Yao is old and wants to find someone to take over. On one occasion, he called the leaders of four tribes to discuss.

After Yao announced his plan, a man named "Your son is an enlightened man and will inherit your position."

It fits perfectly. "

Yao said seriously, "No, this boy has a bad moral character and likes to quarrel with others." The other is called dog bean.

Dōu) said, "The water conservancy workers did a good job."

Yao shook his head and said, "* * * Men are articulate and respectful on the surface, but they are different at heart."

I don't trust such people. "

The discussion was fruitless, and Yao continued to look for successors. On one occasion, he called the leaders of four tribes to discuss.

I hope you can recommend it. The unanimous suggestion of the meeting was to avoid it.

Yao nodded and said, "Oh! I also heard that this person is very nice. Can you talk about his deeds in detail? "

Everyone explained the situation of Shun: Shun's father is a completely confused person, and people call him (gǔsǒu,

It means blind old man. Shun's biological mother died long ago, and her stepmother was very bad. The stepmother's younger brother is called Xiang, and his arrogance is unbelievable.

Say, Gu Sou dotes on him. Shun lives in such a family and is very kind to his parents and brothers. Therefore, everyone thinks that Shun

He is a man of noble character.

Yao was very happy and decided to go and see Shun first. He married his two daughters, E Huang and Nv Ying, and built these two palaces for Shun.

He bought a granary and gave him many cattle and sheep. As soon as the stepmother and younger brother hit it off, they were envious and jealous, so they played a trick with Gu Sou.

I want to assassinate Shun again and again.

Once, Shun was asked to repair the top of the granary. When Shun climbed to the top of the warehouse with a ladder, he set a fire.

Come on, I want to burn Shun. Shun saw a fire on the top of the warehouse and wanted to find a ladder. The ladder was gone. Fortunately, I got two by the way.

A sunshade hat. With a hat in his hands, he jumped down like a winged bird. The hat fluttered in the wind and fell gently.

On the ground, not hurt at all.

And a unwilling, let shun to go. After Shun jumped into the well, Hexiang put the chess pieces on the ground.

People threw down dirt and stones, filled up the well and tried to bury Shun alive. Unexpectedly, after going down the well, I dug a hole by the well and drilled it in.

Come out and go home safely.

Not knowing that Shun had escaped from danger, Xiang returned home triumphantly and said to him, "This time my brother must have died, which is really great.

I came up with this plan. Now we can share our brother's property. "Say that finish, he walked to the house where Shun lived.

Yes, as soon as he entered the room, Shun sat by the bed and played the piano. The elephant was secretly surprised and said shyly, "Oh, I have more."

I miss you! "

Shun also pretended as if nothing had happened and said, "You came at the right time. I have a lot of things to do, I just need your help to take care of them. "

In the future, Shun is still kind to his parents and younger brother as in the past, and He Xiang dare not plot against Shun again.

Yao listened to the story of Shun introduced by everyone. After investigation, he thought that Shun was indeed a talented and good man, so he put the first

This seat was given to Shun. This abdication is called "abdication" in history. In fact, in the clan commune,

During this period, tribal leaders are old, and it is not uncommon to elect new leaders.

After Shun ascended the throne, he was also diligent and thrifty, working like an ordinary person, and was deeply trusted by everyone. A few years later, Yao

After Yao Shun's death, Shun wanted to cede the position of leader of the tribal alliance to Yao's son Dani, but everyone disagreed. Shuncai officially became a leader.

Leader.