The translation of the word "orthopedic surgery" has always been controversial, and it is difficult to express its true connotation and extension with an appropriate Chinese noun. Most scholars believe that it can be literally translated as "orthopedic surgery". Orthopedic surgery has been commonly known as "orthopedics" since the establishment of China. It was officially called "orthopedics" in the 1960s, and later it was called "orthopedics". The former combines bone diseases and bone injuries into one, which is equivalent to orthopedics or orthopedic surgery abroad, while the latter separates bone diseases and bone injuries and names them orthopedics and traumatology respectively. Some people abroad call the skeletal system musculoskeletal system, and its most reasonable name should be sports system, so the clinical discipline related to this system should be called "sports surgery".
Combined with the history of medical development and China's specific national conditions, the Chinese Medical Association still calls the subject "Osteology" and has an academic group "Osteology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association". It is called "orthopedics and traumatology" in the series of Chinese medicine.
Osteology is a major or discipline of medicine, which specializes in the anatomy, physiology and pathology of skeletal muscle system, and uses drugs, surgery and physical methods to maintain and develop the normal shape and function of the system and treat the injury of the system. In the classic Huang Jiasi Surgery, the definition of orthopedics is as follows: "Orthopedics" was first put forward by Nicolas Andry in 1743, which consists of the Greek words orthos and paidios. The original meaning is that most adult deformities originated from children, so the original definition is "medical technology to prevent and correct children's deformities." However, with the development of science and the different needs and understandings of society, its definition should be revised as follows: "Orthopedics or orthopedics is a science and art, a branch of surgery, specializing in the clinical practice and basic theoretical research of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of sports diseases and injuries. "The so-called sports system includes: bones, cartilage, joints, muscles, tendons, fascia, tendon sheaths, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, skin and other structures of limbs and trunk.
In China, the most authoritative academic group in the medical field-Chinese Medical Association, there are 82 branches related to orthopedics, such as orthopedics, hand surgery, trauma, osteoporosis and osteoporotic diseases. Among them, the Osteology Branch alone has 9 study groups: 1 and Joint Surgery Group. 2. Spinal Surgery Group. 3. Traumatic orthopedics group. 4. Basic study group. 5. Arthroscopic surgery group. 6. Minimally invasive group. 7. Bone tumor group. 8. Foot and Ankle Surgery Group. 9. Osteoporosis group. It shows that orthopedics has a wide research field and a wide range of diagnosis and treatment.
In the eyes of ordinary people, "orthopedics is the department that treats fractures." In fact, this concept is very incomplete, or wrong. The research field of orthopedics is very extensive. It's not just bone damage and bone diseases. A correct understanding of the scope of orthopedic diagnosis and treatment will be of great help to patients seeking medical treatment. At present, the contents of orthopedic diagnosis and treatment include: acute and chronic injuries of bones, cartilage, joints, joint capsules, ligaments, tendons, tendon sheaths, muscles, fascia, peripheral nerves, blood vessels, skin and other tissues; infect
, including specific and nonspecific infections; Congenital malformation; Nutrition and metabolic diseases; Static and dynamic deformities; Tumors; There are others, including autoimmune diseases and so on. In short, injuries, infections, deformities, diseases and tumors of all motor systems below the head (mainly spine and limbs) belong to orthopedic diseases and should be treated in orthopedics. At present, large bone specialist hospitals in China generally have departments such as trauma orthopedics, orthopedics (orthopedics), hand surgery, foot surgery, pediatric orthopedics, geriatric orthopedics, spinal surgery, arthroscopy, bone infection, bone and soft tissue tumors, joint surgery, rehabilitation and so on, and some also offer pain specialties and osteonecrosis specialties. In recent years, orthopedics, minimally invasive orthopedics and digital orthopedics have developed rapidly.
Surgery is an important means of orthopedic treatment, but it is by no means the only means. A large number of patients have achieved good results through non-surgical treatment. It is wrong to think that "orthopedics equals surgery". A mature orthopedic surgeon is by no means equal to a "surgeon". Doctors should base any treatment on the correct diagnosis, find out what the disease is, know what the pathological basis of the disease is, abide by laws and regulations and the internal diagnosis and treatment routine of the industry, understand the latest progress of disease diagnosis and treatment at home and abroad, have their own accumulated experience in clinical practice, and combine the specific economic conditions of patients, patients' subjective wishes and other comprehensive factors to formulate a personalized treatment plan suitable for patients. Of course, when there is a conflict between medical principles and patients' wishes, the medical principles should prevail, and the patients' wishes and economic conditions should be taken into account as much as possible within the scope permitted by medical principles. Patients have the right to control their own health rights. The doctor gives the patient kind help, and the patient has the right to refuse help. No treatment can be forced, and patients need sincere and active cooperation. No matter how clever the doctor is, he can't cure the patient's illness without the patient's cooperation. Furthermore, medicine is science, and doctors are scientific workers, people, not immortals. Like other scientific fields, there are still many unknowns in the field of medical science. Modern medicine cannot solve all problems according to everyone's wishes, and we still have a long way to go.
Let everyone know the concept of orthopedics and the scope of orthopedic diagnosis and treatment. The purpose is to make patients take fewer detours in the process of seeking medical treatment. I hope this article is helpful to patients. I sincerely wish you all health and happiness.
Authors: Wang Qi, chief physician.
Vice President of Qinhuangdao Orthopedic Hospital. Top-notch professionals in Qinhuangdao.
Expert clinic every Tuesday.
He is also a member of the Standing Committee of Hand Surgery Branch of Hebei Medical Association; Member of Bone Science Branch of Hebei Medical Association; Chairman of the Professional Committee of the Gerontology Society of Hebei Province; Chairman of the Professional Committee of Hand Surgery of Qinhuangdao Medical Association; Standing Committee member of Orthopedic Professional Committee of Qinhuangdao Medical Association.