Sergei Eisenstein сргеймихайловинэйзнш. His ancestors were Jews. 19 15 graduated from riga practical school and went to St. Petersburg institute of civil engineering to study. Later, I decided to engage in plastic arts and transferred to an art school. 19 17 65438+. From 65438 to 0920, he worked in the workers' theatre of the first proletarian cultural association in Moscow. As an artist and director, he participated in the performance of The Mexican, a drama adapted from Jack London's novel. 192 1 ~ 1922 entered the senior director class directed by Meierkholid. 1922, the first programmatic aesthetic declaration "Variety Montage" was published in the magazine "Left Art Front", which caused a long-term debate and had a far-reaching impact on the development of the whole film art.

Eisenstein made a short film "Diary of gromov" during 1923 A. ostrovsky's play "Even the Wise Nod" and put it in a stage play. 1924, Eisenstein completely turned into the film industry. The director's first film, Strike (1925), was regarded as "the first" by Pravda. He used "juggling montage", mass scenes, genre actors and location shooting to replace the general "plot" in previous films. For example, when the czar suppressed the workers' strike, he inserted into the slaughterhouse to kill cattle, and the effect was shocking. Individual protagonists, star performances and scenery all reflect his documentary style. The movie Battleship potemkin (1925) further developed the ideological theme and aesthetic principles of Strike. The film shaped the thrust.

To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the October socialist revolution, he was commissioned to film October. This is based on Ten Days that Shocked the World by American journalist john reid. In this film, he applied the principle of rational film. It not only reproduces a series of events from February 19 17 to June 10, but also reveals the significance of these events. 1950, the film returned to the world screen with the music of Shostakovich. After 1928, the film "General Route" interrupted by "October" was completed and released with the title of "New and Old" (1929) after revision. This is the first Soviet film showing rural cooperation. The comprehensive image of the progressive people in history. A series of scenes in the film, such as the stone lion and Odessa steps, the combination of major historical themes, and the perfect rhythm and editing make this work a classic of world movies. At 1958 Brussels International Film Festival, Battleship potemkin was rated as the best film in 12 by international film critics.

1928, Eisenstein published the article "The Future is a Sound Film" (co-author), boldly foreseeing the prospect of sound film, that is, the "counterpoint" between picture and sound. 1929- 1932, visiting Europe and America with the director's assistant photographer ккгввв. He shot a short film "Sentimental Music" (1930) in France and tried the counterpoint of sound and picture. Later, at the invitation of American Paramount Company, he went to Hollywood to adapt Sendras's novel "Cat's Gold" and theodore dreiser's novel "American Tragedy", but both novels were discouraged by sharp social problems, and he did not agree to modify them according to the requirements of the factory. 1932, with the support of American writer upton sinclair, he went to Mexico to shoot the epic film Long Live Mexico, which runs through Mexico's 2000-year history, but it was not completed. In this film, he explored the movement, rhythm and structure of a single-shot picture. The 80,000-meter film of this film was never sent to Moscow before Eisenstein died. Many people edited 10 movies based on its information, such as Mexican Storm and Carnival of Miserables, which were shown all over the world. Until 1979, with the efforts of all parties, more than 60,000 meters of films were concentrated in Moscow, which was edited into a complete film by Alexander Love, a famous director and Eisenstein's assistant, and won the honorary gold medal at the 65438-0979 Moscow International Film Festival. 1932 After returning to China, he filmed Bai Jing Grassland. When he was about to finish, he was criticized for making a formalistic mistake because he described real life in a poetic way. After the examination, he taught in the director department of the Soviet National Film Academy in Moscow, and his director internship method laid the foundation for film director teaching.

Later, at Stalin's request, when he filmed alexander nevsky (1938), he linked the narrative structure of the film with ancient legends and folk stories, interwoven the film's image processing with ancient Russian murals and architectural art, and combined it with sergey prokofiev's music by counterpoint or correspondence. Among them, the battle of ice lake has become a classic in the history of world movies. This time, he won the Stalin Prize. The three episodes of Ivan the Terrible (Episode I and II, 1945, Episode III unfinished) is the last film he directed, and he also won the Stalin Prize. He got inspiration from Pushkin's interpretation of Ivan the Terrible in his historical drama Boris Godunov. This multi-part film, especially the scene of the bodyguard banquet and the montage of debauchery in the second episode, made it one of the peaks of the world film and made great contributions to the development of film art.1In February, 946, he died of angina pectoris at the shooting scene.

Eisenstein's film theory has done a lot of pioneering research in the fields of film overall structure, montage, sound and picture framework, single-shot picture structure, color and film history. In addition, his works on the nature of artistic passion, artistic methods and acceptance psychology also occupy a particularly important position in his theoretical heritage. The Soviet Union published the Essays of Eisenstein (6 volumes); The film circles all over the world attach great importance to his artistic theory. Most film critics think that perhaps no one in the history of film can surpass his understanding of film.