The basic knowledge of short track speed skating, the prototype of speed skating first appeared in the Netherlands, and then gradually developed into a racing sport. In addition, skating can enhance the balance, coordination and flexibility of human body. Let's share the basic knowledge of short track speed skating.
Basic knowledge of short track speed skating competition 1 knowledge points
(1) can only run once, and the second run will be sent out; (2) Seizing the inside is the first chance to win the game; (3) Good cornering skills can prevent latecomers from surpassing themselves; (4) The greater the body inclination when cornering, the smaller the space for the athletes behind the body to surpass; ⑤ It's a good opportunity to overtake when the curve slows down; ⑥ The probability of slipping and falling after slipping is very high; All landowners short track speed skaters must be fully armed to prevent injury; Stay alert at the moment of sprint.
Rules of short track speed skating competition
Short track speed skating originated in Canada and is now divided into men's and women's individual events and team events. Men's and women's individual events are 500m,1000m and1500m. Both men's and women's team events need 4 athletes to relay, and the men's team events have a sliding distance of 5000 meters and 45 laps; The distance of the women's team competition is 3000 meters, 27 laps!
According to the general situation, there are 4-6 athletes in the 500-meter and 1000-meter short-distance races, and the top 2-3 athletes can advance to the next round1; 1 there are 6-8 runners in the long-distance race over 500m, and the top 3-4 runners can advance to the next round1. In the preliminaries, the slide station will be determined by drawing lots, and in the subsequent competitions, the slide station will be determined according to the results of the last round of 1, and those with good results will stand on the inner slide!
There are two kinds of short track speed skating fouls! 1. Starting foul: If an athlete deliberately slows down the preparation speed after the starter calls "prepare", causing other athletes to start foul, the athlete will be sentenced to "delayed warning". Any part of an athlete's skates on or over the starting line will be sentenced to the first foul.
Only 1 first foul is allowed in each group, and any athlete who commits a second foul will be convicted and need to leave the rink quickly under the guidance of the referee!
Second, the foul behavior in field skating: the short track speed skating slide is short, so many athletes can slide at the same time, so the competition system allows athletes to have physical contact to a certain extent, but it will be considered a foul to hinder or interfere with other athletes' progress by pushing, colliding, leaving the slide, slowing down, kicking, etc. Once an athlete is found to have committed a foul, he will be disqualified.
Basic knowledge of short track speed skating II. Teach yourself some knowledge of speed skating;
1, slide in a straight line
The straight skating posture is the basic technique of speed skating. The reasonable gliding posture should be: the upper body is relaxed and leans forward, the natural mass is parallel to the ice or slightly higher than the arm, the legs are deeply bent, the knee joint is at an angle of 90 ~ 1 10, the ankle joint is at an angle of 50 ~ 70, the arm is relaxed behind the back, and the head is slightly raised. The skating posture varies with personal physique, skating distance, skating rink conditions and weather conditions.
The key to straight skating is to grasp the appropriate time to push the ice. Ice skates cut into the ice in order to get a stable fulcrum, and at the same time, they should start pushing the ice, and the maximum force should be completed at the moment when the legs hand over the weight.
In order to use heavy objects to push the ice, the heavy objects should be firmly pressed on the support legs when dumping, and the heavy objects should not be handed over prematurely. In the leg retraction, you should use the elasticity after kicking the ice to immediately relax your hind legs and actively move closer to support your legs. There should be no pause or retreat. Pay attention to the leading position of the knee joint when cutting, which is consistent with the direction of advancement. Pull forward quickly and move gently after touching the ice.
Step 2 slide in the corner
The basic posture is similar to straight skating, but due to centripetal force, the movements of turning and straight skating are very different. When sliding in a curve, the body always leans to the left, and pushes the ice with the outer edge of the left foot and the inner edge of the right foot. The inertia taxiing stage in curve taxiing is very short, especially for the right foot, and there is almost no inertia taxiing stage in short distance taxiing. The main action requirement is that the last 1 step of the right foot should enter the junction of the straight and the curve when entering the curve, and the depth depends on the weather, ice, wind direction and project.
The left leg is close to the right foot and points in the tangential direction. When it comes into contact with ice, toes begin to eat gradually. Bite the ice tightly with the outer edge, and the left shoulder is in the same direction as the new tangent. Don't twist your waist and hips. After kicking the ice, relax the leg retraction action, actively pull in the direction of supporting the leg, and take the knee joint as the leading factor to form the front bow angle.
In the process of recovering the floating leg, push the body to fall to the left and push the leg while recovering. In the direction of kicking ice, the feet should have the feeling of "pushing sideways", and the longitudinal axis of the upper body is consistent with the direction in which the floating feet touch the ice.
3. Startup technology
There are mainly two kinds: one is the front and front foot ice starting method, and the other is the side starting method. Elite athletes often use 1 method. Its main action is from a static state, using reasonable technology, quickly transformed into a fast sliding technical action.
The starting technique is particularly important to improve the performance of short and medium distance events. The technical point of front foot icing is that the toe of front foot is the fulcrum and the back foot is covered with ice. The distance between the two knives is slightly wider than the shoulder and faces forward. The squat posture is slightly higher than other starting postures, and the center of gravity is between the feet or slightly in front. When starting, lift your thighs high and lean forward. When the skates touch the ice, cut the ice tightly and don't slip in the first few steps.
4. Swing arm action
Mainly used for short-distance skating, it can coordinate and increase the power of pushing ice. Nowadays, more and more people use single-arm swing in long-distance sliding, and the swing arm is less stressed, and the swing direction should be consistent with the sliding direction. No matter whether you use double swing arm or single swing arm in short or medium distance, you should exert your strength, especially pay attention to the speed and strength of side swing and front swing.
Basic knowledge of short track speed skating III. Push the ice with one leg.
What is pushing ice with one foot support? From the end of inertial sliding to the landing of floating-leg skates on the ice, pushing ice with one foot support. It can also be called the stage of kicking ice with one foot support or the action of kicking ice with one foot support.
The task of pushing ice with one leg support: it is the initial stage of pushing ice and the most effective action to improve the speed.
The technical points of pushing the ice with one leg support: the whole knife pushes the ice sideways, so that the weight is placed on the support leg stably, and the ice is pushed with the weight and the extension of the leg. The stretching methods of the legs are hip expansion, knee pressing and ankle pressing, and knee pressing and ankle pressing. Before the legs are completely straightened, the ice push is completed with one leg support.
The legs support the ice.
What is the leg-pushing ice: from the time the floating leg skates touch the ice to the time when the leg-pushing skates leave the ice, the leg-pushing ice stage. Pay attention to the leg support to push the ice, not the two legs pushing the ice at the same time, but the legs pushing the ice. At this time, the weight should be controlled on the legs, and the floating legs do not bear the weight when sliding on the ice.
The task of pushing ice with leg support is to complete the acceleration of pushing ice at high speed and realize timely and accurate weight transfer.
The technical points of kicking ice with two legs: on the basis of kicking ice with one leg, quickly stretch the kick, fully straighten the knees and ankles, and end kicking ice with two legs by stretching the ankles.
Take back your legs.
What is leg contraction? It is the leg-retracting action from the moment the kicking skates leave the ice surface to the position where they receive the floating leg skates (that is, pulling the legs back).
The task of closing the leg is to relax the floating leg after kicking the ice and prepare for swinging the leg.
The technical points of leg retraction: Use the residual muscle tension of the ice leg and the rebound force of the ice surface to start leg retraction, mainly bending the knees, so that the upper and lower legs become a plane, and the knees turn inward to retract the legs and get close to the supporting legs.
Swing your legs:
What is a leg swing? The floating leg skates swing from the back position to the direction of the general center of gravity of the body until the floating leg skates touch the ice.
Swing leg task: Swing leg helps to accelerate the movement of the total center of gravity of the body, and use the reaction force of swinging leg to increase the ice pushing force of the ice pushing leg.
Technical points of swinging legs: When swinging legs, thighs drive calves, and knees lead to a new sliding direction through acceleration. The rhythm of swinging legs must match the rhythm of kicking ice legs.
Roller skates are on the ice;
What is skating on skates? From the time when the skates touch the ice to the time when they bear the weight, it is for the skates to touch the ice.
The task of roller skates is to determine the direction of the next slide and bear the weight accurately and timely.
Key points of skating: the skating position of the ice skates is next to the blade pushing the ice, and the ice grows half a blade in front of it. The skating direction is consistent with the new movement direction of the body's total center of gravity. The outer edge of the skates at the middle and rear of the skates begins to contact the ice surface, and when the skates turn into positive edges, the weight gives new support legs.
Inertia sliding:
What is inertial coasting? From the moment you take the weight to the moment you push the ice with one leg, it is inertial sliding.
The task of inertial taxiing: keep and use the speed generated in the last taxiing to prepare for the next taxiing, and make full use of this opportunity to relax the floating legs after taxiing.
Technical points of inertial sliding: In order to realize continuous sliding effectively, it is necessary to reduce the sliding posture, reduce the air resistance and prepare for the body posture during inertial sliding. Keep the skates, knees and head support legs in a line at three o'clock when coasting.