For hundreds of years, we have been exploring and challenging space, collecting countless scientific data by visiting other planets in the universe, and then unlocking the secrets of the universe for us. .......
Ancient "planets"
Since ancient times, the flashing light in the night sky has been concerned by human beings. According to the historical records of ancient Greece, astronomers observed that some specific light spots moved faster than other stars in the sky. The ancient Greeks called these spots "π λ? νητε στ? ρε? "(that is, planetes asteres, meaning" wandering stars ") or" π λ α ν? τ ο ι "(that is, planētoi, which means" rover "), the current English name" planet "evolved from this.
It was not until the telescope came out in 1600 that people could observe these "planets" more closely, and the veil of these mysterious "planets" was initially unveiled.
Galileo galilei, an astronomer at that time, used a telescope to observe the uneven surface of the moon, which was no different from the view that the moon was perfect, smooth and bright.
It was also because of this discovery that Galileo Galilei's curiosity about planets was aroused. 16 10, Galileo galilei transformed the telescope and increased its magnification to 30 times. The phase of Venus was confirmed through the new telescope, and then the observation of Jupiter's four largest satellites and Saturn's rings was discovered.
Galileo was the first astronomer to observe another planet through a telescope. His observation changed the position of human beings in space.
Soon, more astronomers joined the study of "planets", trying to describe the characteristics of each "planet" through observation.
Later, under the constant exploration of astronomers, it was determined that the earth is one of the planets revolving around the sun, and eight planets including the earth constitute a planetary system revolving around the sun-Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, followed by Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Space exploration is the greatest historical feat of mankind.
We must know that human curiosity will never be fully satisfied, but will only intensify, and the discovery of "planets" is no exception, so if you want to know more about "planets", you may have to explore them yourself!
1957 5438+00 In June, Sputnik (Russian for "Voyager"), an artificial earth satellite modified from the P-7 intercontinental missile of the former Soviet Union, was sent into space. It is the first man-made satellite in the world and the first man-made satellite to enter the earth orbit.
At the same time, the United States, unwilling to lag behind the former Soviet Union, launched the world's first artificial satellite "Sputnik 1" in the same year, and established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958.
1959, the space program of the former Soviet Union took another step forward and launched the first space probe, Luna 2, which hit the moon.
196 1 In April, the former Soviet Union sent the "Dongfang 1" spacecraft carrying astronaut yuri gagarin into space orbit 18 1 327 kilometers above the ground, which was also the first astronaut to fly around the earth. This space flight has not only been realized.
On May 5th, astronaut alan shepard became the first American to go into space (though not in orbit).
At the end of the same month, then US President John F. Kennedy announced that the United States would let astronauts land on the moon before the end of the 20th century.
1962 In February, john glenn became the first American to fly around the earth. At the end of the same year, he established the world-famous Apollo moon landing program.
The achievements of the Apollo program
1in June, 967, Apollo suffered its first setback, and three astronauts were killed when the spacecraft caught fire during the simulated launch. At the same time, the former Soviet Union's moon landing plan was also stopped, one of the reasons was that Sergei korolev, the chief engineer of the former Soviet Union's space program, died young (19665438+10).
1968 12. NASA launched the apollo 8 from a large launch facility on Mei Lite Island near Cape Canaveral, Florida (this is the first space mission for human beings to sail around the moon).
1969 In July, American astronaut neil armstrong, command module pilot Michael john collins and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin set off for the moon on Apollo 1 1.
After Apollo 1 1 landed successfully on July 20th, Armstrong became the first man to walk on the surface of the moon. He called this historical moment "a small step for a man, a giant step for a man." .
Since then, mankind has officially opened the road to explore the moon.
China's space program.
In the 1950 era, China saw that both the United States and the former Soviet Union began to go all out to become the first countries to land on the moon, and at the same time showed the progress and more possibilities of space exploration, which undoubtedly shocked China and other countries in the world.
In order not to lag behind other countries in space exploration, at the end of 1950' s, some famous scientists in China suggested to carry out satellite engineering research in China.
Initially, China reached a cooperation agreement with the former Soviet Union and acquired the P-2 rocket technology of the former Soviet Union. However, the1960s agreement was dissolved, and then we began to design and manufacture our own space devices.
1960 February19 China successfully launched its first experimental liquid fuel sounding rocket, and launched its first sounding rocket in September of the same year.
Since then, China officially began to study and formulate interstellar travel.
From 65438 to 0988, China established the Ministry of Space Industry, which was responsible for supervising all aspects of space flight, such as managing the research, design and production of rockets, missiles and spacecraft.
1993, the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was abolished, and China National Space Administration (CNSA) and China Aerospace Industry Corporation were split up. 1999, China Aerospace Industry Corporation was reorganized into China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.
In 2003, Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei went into space for the first time on the "Shenzhou 5" spacecraft carried by the Long March II F rocket. This move makes China the third country to master manned space technology.
June 5438+October 2005 10, China successfully launched Shenzhou VI for the second manned space flight, and for the first time sent Fei and Nie Haisheng, two China astronauts, into space at the same time.
From June 5438 to October 2007, "Chang 'e-1" successfully flew to the moon (Chang 'e-1 is the first artificial satellite in China's lunar exploration program), and the first phase of the "Chang 'e Project" was successfully completed.
In September 2008, China launched the manned spaceship Shenzhou VII with three Chinese astronauts on board.
Live broadcast of China Shenzhou VII launch pad in 2008.
After Shenzhou VII successfully entered space, astronaut Zhai Zhigang conducted extravehicular activities for the first time, and China became the third country in the world to master the technology of extravehicular activities.
On 20 1 1 year 1 1 month, the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft docked with Tiangong-1 for the first time in an orbit 343 kilometers away from the Earth.
20 12, 16 On June 6th, "Shenzhou IX" carried two male astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Liu Wang, and Liu Yang, the first female astronaut in China, then "Shenzhou IX" automatically rendezvous and docked with Tiangong No.1 in orbit (this is the first manned space rendezvous and docking carried out by China), and three astronauts entered Tiangong No.1 and were among them.
On June 1 1, 2065438, three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Zhang and Wang Yaping, took the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and flew in orbit for 15 days (this is the first application flight of China's manned transportation system between heaven and earth).
On September 16 and 15, Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory was successfully launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. This year, in order to commemorate the achievements of China's space industry and carry forward China's space spirit, April 24th, the successful launch of the first man-made earth satellite "Dongfanghong-1" in new China, was designated as the first "China Space Day" in China.
The purpose of this anniversary is to vigorously carry forward the space spirit, popularize space knowledge scientifically, and stimulate the enthusiasm of the whole nation for exploration and innovation!
The most reliable partner in space travel
In the long-term space exploration, apart from the space device technology, it has been facing different tests and technical problems. When humans successfully landed in space, in order to record what happened in space more accurately, accurate "time" has become particularly important.
As early as 1999, after China's first unmanned spacecraft successfully returned to Earth, the national space department carefully selected "space observation".
In 200 1 year, the relevant aerospace departments selected FIYTA, a watch brand in China, as a partner through blind testing. Since then, FIATA has provided auxiliary timing equipment for China manned space flight, and accompanied China astronauts to face every space environment test in every subsequent space challenge.
Fiyta brand is famous for its innovative watchmaking technology. Over the past 30 years, Fiyta has been adhering to the precise technology derived from aviation and the spirit of Excellence in watchmaking, striving to create elements of a better life and constantly passing on brand cultural values.
Therefore, FIATA will be selected, not simply by luck, but by watchmaking strength. Space operations require very high accuracy and stability of time. Astronauts should keep pace with the ground command center thousands of miles away in time. As an auxiliary timing device, the space watch should not be sloppy at all. To know that a watch can go into space, it needs to be able to withstand high overload and strong vibration when launching or landing, and maintain the timing accuracy in the environment of strong radiation and high magnetic field in space.
Facing this difficult challenge, FIATA has broken through the anti-magnetic performance which can resist the extreme temperature difference of plus or minus 80 degrees Celsius, exceeding the national standard 10 times, and provided an important auxiliary timing for China astronauts to complete space flight and extravehicular walk.
In terms of design, FIATA changed the date display on the dial to "AM/PM" mode, so as to accurately grasp the earth's time in space.
In addition, it also pioneered the 45-minute cumulative timing, which was specially designed according to the actual space mission. The warning scale of 7+ 1 on the bezel is used to indicate the limit time of outbound stay.
It is precisely because of the breakthrough of this technology and the professional design of space missions that Fiyta space watches appear in every manned space mission in China.
In 2003, astronaut Yang Liwei, who successfully returned to Earth from space, wore a black spacesuit watch in his left hand, which was the first space watch independently developed by China.
Yang Liwei
"Shenzhou 5" spacesuit watch
In 2005, during the space flight of Shenzhou VI, space observation was further enriched. The "Shenzhou VI" space watch was developed on the basis of the "Shenzhou V" space watch, including the spacesuit watch in the cabin and the astronaut work watch.
Fee, Nie Haisheng.
Extravehicular spacesuit watch, work watch
In order to meet the needs of two astronauts to perform extravehicular space missions, the watches were strictly controlled, and lightweight "titanium alloy" materials were adopted, so that the weights of the two models were: in-cabin spacesuit watch100g, and working watch was only 60g; The adoption of this material not only reduces the weight of the watch, but also improves the impact resistance and vibration environment test of the watch, and at the same time improves the convenience for astronauts to wear, operate and read.
In 2008, Chinese astronauts completed their first spacewalk. Spacewalk is also a very big challenge for watches. When the watch is exposed to space, it needs to undergo drastic changes in air pressure and temperature inside and outside the cabin, and it faces great challenges of ultra-low temperature, strong magnetic field, high radiation and complex flight conditions in space.
Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng
"Shenzhou VII" Extravehicular Spacesuit Watch (20 10 Red Dot Design Award)
Fiyada's performance did not disappoint. It was not only unaffected, but also completed this historic "spacewalk" with the astronauts.
This is also due to Fiyta's efforts before the mission: repeated simulation tests, 80 rounds of limit temperature difference, 48,000 A/m antimagnetic performance is 0/0 times higher than the national standard/kloc-0, and acceleration, shock, vibration and accurate timing are under the repeated rapid tests of 1 1.5.
20 10 March, the wristwatch won the REDDOT German Red Dot Design Award, which enjoys the reputation of "Oscar for Global Industrial Design".
In 20 12, Fiyada, the first female astronaut in China, designed a new female watch for space. The side of the watch adopts the "flying" art of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and the craft design of hand-twisted silk enamel, which makes the ancient dream and modern technology collide perfectly.
Liu Yang
"Shenzhou 9" female astronaut's watch for work
In 20 13, in order to commemorate the successful landing of Shenzhou-10, Fiyta launched a titanium alloy case equipped with a self-developed multifunctional chronograph mechanical movement, and designed a commemorative watch with a very obvious number "10" on the 9 o'clock dial.
Wang Yaping
"Shenzhou 10" Commemorative Coin
In 20 16, the astronauts lived and worked in the "God of Heaven" assembly for 30 days and returned smoothly. As a work watch, Fiyta has been recording a 30-day space trip with astronauts and witnessing every brilliant moment.
Jing Haipeng, Chen Dong.
Fiyada meteorite space table
Watches are also made of "titanium alloy", and the design inspiration and material application of the dial come from "whispering"-a meteorite. In addition, the bottom cover is also engraved with relief patterns of spacecraft and starry sky.
Fiyta has been committed to becoming a world-class pioneer in watchmaking with the latest technology and the most exquisite design. On the basis of China's success, FIYTA's performance goes to the international market, so that people all over the world can know the best watchmaking spirit in China!
The word "Fiyta" means "flying in the sky of the world", which also explains Fiyta's international performance and status well!
From the application of artificial satellites to Ad Astra, from the lunar exploration to the successful launch of the first Mars probe "Tian Wen-1" in July last year, China has never stopped exploring.
On the 24th of this month, the sixth "China Aerospace Day", the National Space Administration will announce the name of China's first rover (the rover is a vehicle launched by human beings to drive and inspect the surface of Mars) at the opening ceremony of that day.
It can be said that every successful space exploration has not stopped people from imagining a bright future in space. In this long space exploration, whether it is the road to space or Mars exploration, I believe FIATA will continue to follow the most reliable "domestic timepieces" in the future development, keep up with the pace of China's space development, and make the world pay attention!
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