In the 11th year of Zheng Zhi, Yuan Shundi (135 1), the peasant uprising broke out on a large scale at the end of Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the Yuan government dispatched 6.5438+0.5 million migrant workers to repair the Yellow River, but officials withheld too much money, and migrant workers were hungry and cold, complaining. Han, Han, Han and others think that the time is ripe for the uprising. They secretly buried a one-eyed stone man on the construction site, carved a sentence on the back of the stone man, and then circulated a folk song everywhere: "The one-eyed stone man stirred up the Yellow River against the world." Migrant workers dug up the stone man. When they saw this folk song carved on the back of the stone man, everyone was shocked in an instant and thought that the folk song had really come true. So Han called three thousand people to revolt, calling himself the grandson of VIII and "the Lord of China". Unexpectedly, the wind leaked, he was arrested and sacrificed, and his wife Yang and his son escaped. Liu Futong and others led the rest of the insurgents to continue fighting, occupied Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), and soon captured some counties in eastern Henan, and the team quickly developed to hundreds of thousands of people.
Because the uprising soldier wore a red scarf on his head, he was called the Red Scarf Army. And because they burn incense and worship Maitreya Buddha, also known as the incense army. After the Yingzhou Uprising was successful, Liu Futong and others immediately received extensive responses from all over the country. Several Red Scarf Armies rose between Jianghuai and Hehan, such as Xu Shouhui, Li (Li Er) and San (Quan Wang). In addition, some anti-Yuan armed forces rose one after another, such as Fang Guozhen in eastern Zhejiang and Zhang Shicheng in Jiangsu.
The main Red Scarf Army led by Liu Futong grew in the battle, and in the 15th year of Yuan Dynasty (1355), Han Liner was honored as emperor in Bozhou (now Bozhou, Anhui), with the title of Dasong. Subsequently, the Red Scarf Army soldiers were divided into three northern expeditions, sweeping across Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and other places and reaching the capital. Unfortunately, due to the scattered forces and the lack of a unified operational strategy, the Red Scarf Army fought in its own way, and the internal discord of the team attacked and killed each other, which led to the internal turmoil of the rebel army and soon failed under the massive counterattack of the Yuan Dynasty.
When the Red Scarf Army was struggling with the main force of the Yuan Army, Zhu Yuanzhang began to stand on his own feet and gradually developed his own power. Zhu Yuanzhang, a poor farmer, used to be a monk, then defected to Guo Zixing, became a Red Scarf Army, and was soon promoted to a general. After Guo Zixing's death, Zhu Yuanzhang took charge of the headquarters and defeated Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng successively. And accepted Fang Guozhen. In October of the 27th year of Yuan Zheng Zhi (1367), Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to the Northern Expedition with 200,000 cavalry, and entered Dadu in August of the following year, ending the dark rule of Yuan Dynasty.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the Red Scarf Army Uprising swept the whole country, which lasted 17 years from Hanhe raising the banner of righteousness to Zhu Yuanzhang establishing the Ming Dynasty. Although the uprising finally failed and was usurped by Zhu Yuanzhang, its great historical significance and function were indelible: it destroyed the ruling foundation of the Yuan Dynasty and decided its demise; It dealt a blow to Mongolian and Han landlords, changed the situation of increasingly concentrated land at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, liberated a large number of slaves, and created conditions for farmers to obtain part of the land, which was conducive to the development of productive forces. The development of social productive forces in the early Ming Dynasty was the result of the peasant war in the late Yuan Dynasty.