First, take part in labor and do more exercise to ensure that you sweat more than four or five liters a day. Otherwise, learning poetry is easy to go astray, get old and become poor. ?

Second, the full text is divided into three parts, corresponding to the three stages of learning poetry, which can be step by step.

Third, each part consists of four columns: intensive reading, recitation, tools, extensive reading and practice. Intensive reading requires careful reading and understanding; Reciting is not mandatory (of course, reciting is better), but mainly to cultivate a sense of language; Tools, mainly various reference books; Extensive reading, informative and interesting reading, casual browsing.

The first stage?

Intensive reading course:?

Tang Poetry Appreciation Dictionary and Song Poetry Appreciation Dictionary?

● Note:?

These two books are very thick, so you can choose your favorite chapters to read without turning to the end. If it is too thick, it can be replaced by a guide to famous poems of Tang poetry and Tang and Song poetry. ?

★ purpose:?

Learn how to appreciate a poem. ?

Recitation class:?

Selected poems of Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty?

● Note: Traditional version. Poetry learners can use traditional Chinese characters, but they can't help but understand them. After all, learning poetry is inseparable from traditional Chinese characters. If you don't know how to accurately distinguish traditional Chinese characters, it is difficult to study poetry in depth. I will explain the reasons in detail later. ?

● Note: Read aloud for at least half an hour every day, and then read it from the beginning.

● Note: You don't need to have a deep understanding, just understand the meaning of the poem and read it smoothly. ?

★ Objective: To cultivate a sense of language. ?

Application class:?

Bai Xiang Ci Pu (or Tang and Song Ci Pu), Poetry Summary and Ci Hai?

● Note: Poetry writing has metrical requirements. On the one hand, the whole article needs clear pronunciation and mellow voice, on the other hand, rhyme should also follow the established rules.

● Another note: The Hundred Fragrant Poems and the Summary of Poetic Metrics mainly explain the requirements of the number of words and the level tone. In rhyme, you need "Pei Shi Wen Yun" and "Linz Zheng Yun". These two books are generally appendices to the first two books and do not need to be purchased separately.

● Note: It is recommended to download the excellent versions of Peiwen Shiyun and Linz Zheng Yun from the Internet and print a copy for easy use. ?

Note: Cihai is a dictionary. Very thick, not belonging to ancient Chinese, but the entries are all-encompassing. When reading poetry, you don't know anything. You can find common historical figures, allusions and common classical Chinese. ?

Extensive reading class:?

Biographies of famous poets in past dynasties, four classical novels,

● Note: There are many versions on the market. Choose what you like best. ?

★ Objective: To increase interest. ?

Sports:?

First find your favorite poems to imitate, or reinterpret them by using the themes of predecessors. Nothing good can be written at this stage. The purpose is just practice. Also, don't emphasize self-expression and vent your emotions. This requires considerable writing skills to support. ?

Second, it is best to practice strictly according to the rules during this period. If you can't calm down and think about the plan, it may lay a curse for your future study. Whether you can follow the meter or not, you must be clear: meter is not a restrictive or rigid form, it is the best tool for you to write a poem well. Writing poetry is like nailing, and rhythm is like a hammer. Skilled workers may use stones or even palms instead, but after all, they are not as good as hammers. Even if the hammer can't be used in some occasions, it must be replaced by other tools, so you have to know how to drive nails. How can people who have never taken a hammer learn to knock nails? ?

Third, there is no need to demand the quality of each exercise, because I have no ability to demand it, but I am confused. Just practice more. ?

Fourthly, the purpose of learning in this period is to feel what poetry writing is all about and lay a good foundation for some perceptual aspects of writing in the future. ?

The second stage?

Intensive reading course:?

Summary of writing, introduction to literature, ancient Chinese?

● Note: It is usually more objective to choose the textbooks of major universities. ?

● Note: This part must be solid. If you study hard for half a year or more, you can basically master these three books. ?

● Note: Ancient Chinese is a traditional book (including the explanation part of vernacular Chinese), so it is necessary to lay a solid foundation for traditional Chinese characters. Moreover, the more you learn, the more you will be exposed to many traditional books. ?

● Note: Make clear what literature is first, and then what poetry is, then the perspective will be much better and the horizon will be much broader. Literature is like a house, and poetry is like a teapot in the house. Standing in the room, you can see the shape of the teapot at a glance, but standing in the teapot, you will never know the shape of the teapot. Of course, this is not the only learning method, but it is a more effective learning method. ?

★ Purpose: To understand what literature is? What is writing? Understand what ancient Chinese is all about. ?

★ Start time: The above imitation exercises are not difficult. ?

Recitation class:?

Selected poems of San Cao; Li Bai's anthology, Du Fu's anthology, Tang Dynasty frontier poems, Wang Wei's anthology and Meng Haoran's anthology; A selection of bold words, a selection of graceful words?

● Note: Search according to the above contents. There are too many versions on the market, and they are updated quickly, but there is no need to be too picky, as long as there are no mistakes, it is best to have a traditional version. If economic conditions permit, the quality of books published by Zhonghua Book Company is the most reliable.

● Note: It is also reading that does not require in-depth understanding. ?

● It should also be noted that the reason why poems are chosen more than words is mainly the historical reality that "poems have charm". It's not that poetry is better than words (that's what laymen say), but that at the beginning, learning too many words is easy to get into the Tao, and finally a dead end is drilled. ?

● Note: The reason for choosing the prosperous Tang Dynasty is that it is the era with the highest poetic culture, the strongest literati spirit and the most confident national mentality in China history (even the stunning poet Wang Wei can only rank third or fourth, which is unique in the history of China poetry). Learning poetry and practicing "courage" first, these two have not been achieved, and writing for a hundred years is only a slippery hand and a poet. Some people say that the graceful way of clearing the spirit does not require courage. In fact, it is good for flowers, good for Yi 'an, and its courage is only contained but not revealed. ?

● It should also be noted that a large number of non-key poets have been left out in the cold because the first stage has been swept away in one area, and the two books in the first stage will still be turned over when they are free. ?

★ Objective: To further strengthen the sense of language; Deeply understand the best poetry culture; Understand what "complete spirit" means. ?

★ Start time: recite a poem casually (just one sentence), which looks like a poem, not a slogan in classical Chinese. As for whether it looks like it or not, we can ask some senior officials to help us. ?

Application class:?

Kangxi Dictionary and China Dictionary?

● Note: If you can buy the latter, you can leave out the former. It's best to buy both.

Extensive reading class:?

1. Du Li's Poetics (translated by Yang), History of Ancient Chinese Literature, A Brief History of China Art, A Brief History of China Music and A Brief History of World Art?

● Note: The first book is recommended to be read several times, the second book is recommended to be recited (not recited), and the last three books can be read in the simplest way. ?

2. Vernacular versions of Mencius, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Han Feizi and Grandson?

● Note: Vernacular writing is also acceptable. If you look at the original work later, it is easy to doze off at this stage. ?

● Note: You can also choose the original Art of War, because the text is relatively simple. Recommend Notes of Thirteen Suns of Song Dynasty. ?

3. The vernacular versions of Warring States Policy, Mandarin, Zuo Zhuan, Historical Records, and Capitalism as a Mirror?

● Note: It can be regarded as a historical novel.

Fourth, the two appreciation dictionaries mentioned above can't be put down. ?

★ Purpose: To understand the history of literature and art; Understand the roots of China's traditional thought and traditional aesthetics; Understand the historical allusions involved in poetry. ?

Sports:?

First, try various themes, techniques and styles to broaden the road of poetry as much as possible. ?

Second, treat personal works differently, some of which are written for fun and can be arbitrary; Some of them are written by heart, and they need to be scrutinized and pondered repeatedly, from paragraph structure to individual words, and even after being put down for a few months, they are turned out to continue to be revised. This is the most effective way to improve.

Third, it is very discouraged to find someone to help you correct your poems. Writing poetry, in the final analysis, still needs to form a personal style, and others can't fake the process inside, so they can only work hard by themselves.

Fourth, when you find that your poem is not satisfactory, the first thing you need to modify is the overall structure, then the syntax, and finally the individual words. ?

Fifth, in the later stage, after learning some theories of intensive reading, we should practice in a targeted way. Mainly:?

A structural exercise, a special exercise for various common structures. There are:

There is no opposition in the quatrains. ?

The quatrains begin with the first sentence, proceed in two sentences, and flashback in three or four sentences. ?

One or two quatrains are antithetical, three sentences are carried forward and four sentences are combined. ?

The quatrains are all opposites. ?

The reverse form of quatrains. ?

The connecting structure of prosodic poems. ?

The communication structure of metrical poems. ?

The dual structure of metrical poems. ?

The structure of the center of gravity of the couplets of regular poems. ?

The barycenter structure of rhythmic joint neck. ?

The center of gravity structure of rhyme ending. ?

It rhymes backwards. ?

● Note: The genre of words is complicated, so there is no paradigm to practice word structure. It is suggested to start with the study of poetry structure, and it is not difficult to copy words after poetics is completed. ?

● Note: You can also practice according to the traditional structural classification. In short, the purpose is to understand the structure of poetry text. ?

B grammar practice, familiar with the use of various grammars. If there are too many grammars, I won't list them one by one. Anyway, when modifying your own works, you can try to express the same sentence in different syntax and compare the effect. ?

C refine words. I can't help it. If you get angry, pick it out. If you don't like it, change it until you can't change it. ?

D Bi Xing Many beginners know how to express their feelings, and the way of expressing feelings is more naked than that of husband and wife. Therefore, at this stage, you should learn to ramble and learn to compete. If the word "Bi Xing" is difficult to understand, you can say: 1. Scene description. For example, when it comes to sadness, you can't shout "I am sad" from beginning to end, but you should portray and render a sad scene; Second, symbol. Writing poetry is like falling in love. You should tease rather than provoke, so you should be subtle. Some things don't need to be made clear, just use some substitutes with similar physical properties, such as "I am a good person", then use "I am vanilla" instead (hehe, humor, but after learning this step, you can probably understand what I mean from this joke). Third, allusions. Try using it. This is not an easy task. ?

E narrative. Although poetry does not pay attention to plot, it still needs basic narrative ability. You can learn more about the songs of Du Fu and Bai Juyi, as well as Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. ?

The third stage?

Intensive reading?

1. Selected works of China's ancient literature and an introduction to aesthetics?

● Note: We are also looking for university textbooks. ?

● Note: What is required to be recited in the syllabus of Selected Works must be recited. If you have a good memory, learn the whole book by heart. ?

★ Objective: Have a certain understanding and mastery of classical Chinese; Understand what "aesthetics" means, and initially know how to judge your own poems with aesthetic common sense. ?

2. The Book of Songs, Chu Ci and the source of ancient poetry?

● Note: Traditional version. You can skip the chapters that you really can't stand, but you should read at least one third of them intensively. ?

3. Selected Works of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties?

● Note: Traditional version. You don't need to recite, but you should be able to master the beauty of its writing. ?

4. Zhuangzi, Cao Zijian Collection and Jade Subset?

● Note: Zhuangzi is the most literary prose collection in pre-Qin literature; Cao Zhi was the most accomplished poet in Jian 'an period. Yu Xin was a master in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. ?

★ Purpose (2, 3, 4): To systematically study the best writers before the Tang Dynasty. ?

5. Find the complete works of poets suitable for their own style from the poets in Tang and Song Dynasties?

● Note: If you like to walk on a gloomy road, then study the Du Gongbu Collection; If you like to go simple, just look for Wang, Meng and so on. The same is true of people whose main direction is writing. ?

★ Objective: To add skin to one's personal style consciously. ?

6. Zuo Zhuan, Warring States Policy and Historical Records?

● Note: The first two books are simply poetic allusions. Historical Records is the most literary of China's historical books. You can ignore other history, which can never be bypassed. ?

★ Objective: To be able to use allusions flexibly; Experience the passion of traditional poets for history. ?

★ Start time: After preliminarily determining your own writing path. ?

Recitation class?

"Complete Tang Poetry" and "Complete Song Poetry"?

● Note: Just read, no matter what you read.

★ Objective: To feel the poetry culture of Tang and Song Dynasties in the most comprehensive way. ?

★ Start time: When you inadvertently see a poem, you can immediately grasp its style characteristics. ?

Application class:?

First, "combination of poetry and rhyme"?

● Note: Actually, it is of little use. Keep a copy, you will always need it. ?

Second, a small dictionary of ancient Chinese?

● Note: Why do you put this primer here? Because at this stage, I have begun to deal with a large number of ancient books, and this little thing is easy to find. When it comes to reading a classical Chinese without reading notes, this book can be suspended. ?

Third, Shuo Wen Jie Zi and so on?

● Note: Look at personal needs. Some exegetical reference books are still needed. But as far as writing poetry is concerned, it is not necessary to be proficient in exegetics, but it is enough to understand the basic principles, which was taught in ancient Chinese. ?

Extensive reading class?

1. Classic of Mountains and Seas, Notes on Water Mirror, Classic of Shen Yi, Biography of Mu, Biography of Immortals, etc.

● Note: Myths and legends are an important part of poetry. ?

● Note: It is also ok to choose the literary vernacular version, because other books are not very literary except Zhu. In fact, Zhu is just a few chapters with rich literary talent. There is a graphic version of Yuelu in Shan Hai Jing, which is recommended. ?

2. The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi, Laozi, everything is wrong and Mozi? , Yan Zi's Spring and Autumn Annals, Huai Nanzi, etc.

Note: It depends on the original text this time, because it involves the understanding of classical Chinese context and the use of allusions. In addition to the "Zi" mentioned above, you can also choose some other "Zi" according to your own taste, such as Woods, corpse driver, Guiguzi and so on. ?

Third, the Book of Changes?

● Note: Be sure to choose the one with detailed notes, because even if there are notes, you will feel very puzzled. I have the version of nan huaijin's early notes at hand, which is OK. ?

4. Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Selected Works?

● Note: Understanding is enough. The former has little to do with poetry, but it is also an important literary work in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The latter is mixed, mainly because it is easily influenced by Li Li's literary style and goes astray-weapons are innocent, but at least they are dangerous goods. ?

5. Wen Xin Diao Long, Ren Jian Hua Ci, Cang Shi Lang Hua, Shi Pinzhu, Yi Jian, etc.

● Note: Before reading Introduction to Aesthetics, you must thoroughly study it. ?

Six, all kinds of literature and poetics related papers compiled since modern times?

● Note: There are too many. Find yourself some interesting ones. ?

Practice?

At this stage, nothing else. Determine one or two styles that individuals pursue, choose some formats and genres that suit them, and write. ?

Supplement:

The fourth stage?

● After completing the above three stages, there is already a vast sky in front of you. Maybe your poems are not very good, even not as good as those copying poets who hold a copy of "XX Collection" every day (they are quick). ?

But! Now that you have a bird's eye view of poetry and even literature, you can guide yourself to study and write for a long time to come. ?

Even if you have laid a very good foundation for yourself, no matter whether you plan to play retro school, contemporary school or experimental school in the future, even if your creative direction frequently switches between poetry, words, miscellaneous words, four characters, arrangement and so on, or even changes from metrical poetry to poetry, prose and novels, you will find it easy-the difficulty is very low, and whether you can get better depends on how hard you work. ?

The books listed above seem to make people dizzy. In fact, they are all classified: reference books are generally used for display; It only takes half an hour to an hour to read aloud every day, just like chanting; Extensive reading can be used as a way to pass the time when you are bored (if you want to play games and go shopping rather than learn poetry when you are bored, then I have never written it, when you have read this article); As for intensive reading, we really need to think about it. As short as five years, as long as three years, the stupidest one will not exceed seven years. If you stick to it, you can learn it all. If you can't settle down to study for three or five years, then don't study poetry. It's good to study Martian (also known as brain damage). Otherwise, I haven't seen the door of literature for most of my life. It's a waste of life. ?

● I rarely mentioned the contents of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties above, mainly because these four generations are sensitive to classical poetry, and it is unwise to get involved in poetry and literature before you know it. ?

Maybe you will question why I have always stressed that reading poetry does not require profound understanding. That's because after learning ancient Chinese and having enough reading ability in classical Chinese, the words in poetry become very simple and simple. Reading aloud is not only to cultivate a sense of language, but also to cultivate a perceptual poetic heart. Paying too much attention to exegesis is not beneficial but harmful. As for how to understand poetry, after studying aesthetic theory and predecessors' poetics, and reading modern poetry criticism, it is natural to understand a poem without painstaking efforts. ?

● You should never find an e-book with more than one book, which is full of mistakes. If the traditional version is marked, do not use the simplified version instead. ?