From 65438 to 0962, the means of production were owned by commune, production brigade and production team respectively, and the system based on the collective ownership economy of production team was implemented. The production team is the basic accounting unit of the people's commune. Members who take part in collective productive labor shall be paid according to their labor points. In addition, members can plant a small amount of private plots and run a small number of household sideline businesses.
From 65438 to 0978 after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Production Party of China, in order to change the egalitarianism and the lack of management autonomy of members under the people's commune system, the household contract responsibility system was widely implemented in rural areas.
1982 The Constitution stipulates that township governments and villagers' committees of mass autonomous organizations shall be established in rural areas, and grass-roots organs of political power and regional cooperative economic organizations shall be established separately. At this point, the people's commune characterized by "unity of politics and society" and collective unified management disintegrated. By the end of 1984, most of the rural people's communes in China had completed the transformation from cooperatives to towns, and only a few still existed.
At the beginning of 2009, Zhoujiazhuang Township, Jinzhou City, Hebei Province, known as "the last people's commune in China", paid dividends in 2008, with a dividend of nearly 70 million yuan to more than 2,000 members of/kloc-0, with a per capita dividend of about 6,000 yuan. Zhoujiazhuang Township established a mutual aid group in 1949, a cooperative in 1952, a people's commune in 1958, and an agricultural, industrial and commercial cooperative in 1983. Since 1952, cooperatives have been operated in a collective and unified manner, and the system has not changed. They still adopt the 55-year-old job-sharing system [4].
Organizational Characteristics Rural People's Commune is an organization integrating politics and society, and it is the basic unit of Chinese mainland socialist society in rural areas. The basic accounting unit of the people's commune is the production team. According to different situations in different places, people's communes can be divided into two levels: commune and production team. It can also be three levels, namely commune, production brigade and production team. In people's communes, farmers' food, clothing, housing and transportation are all under the control of communes, which are the entities of farmers' political, economic and social life. Each farmer is organized into a group; A certain number of teams are organized into production teams; Above the production team is the brigade, which is probably equivalent to today's administrative village; Above the brigade is the people's commune, which is equivalent to the size of a town or township. The state issues production task indicators to communes every year, and communes issue indicators at different levels. All farmers' production is planned to be purchased by the state, and the commodities that farmers need are distributed by the state. The so-called "unified purchase and marketing" system. All production processes are led by the collective, not decided by the individual farmers. Farmers' income is determined by work points, and the value of work points is the average of the whole brigade MINUS the welfare funds paid to the state and commune.
Affect the positive?
Members of the people's commune have free meals in the commune canteen. After the grain reserves were eaten up, the commune canteen was dissolved. Rural education, medical care, public welfare undertakings and welfare, water conservancy construction, township enterprises, agricultural science and technology, rural commercial militia organizations and national defense, the negative involution of the gap between the rich and the poor, because farmers' income is not directly proportional to their personal contributions, there is a so-called "egalitarianism" atmosphere (some people call it "big pot rice" vividly). )