2. 1839, Lin zexu was sent to Guangzhou by Daoguang Emperor to ban smoking, conduct unannounced visits and secret investigations, arrest cigarette dealers and collect opium. The eradication of crows in Humen Beach in June was a great victory for the people of China in their struggle against smoking, which showed the strong will of the Chinese nation to oppose foreign aggression. Lin Zexu, who led this struggle, became a national hero, and this activity became the fuse of the Opium War.
3. 1840- 1842, the first opium war broke out. After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which was the beginning of the modern history of China.
4. 1856- 1860 The British and French allied forces launched the Second Opium War to further open the China market. After occupying Beijing, they burned the Yuanmingyuan.
5. Before and after the Second Opium War, Russia forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties and occupied the territory of northeast and northwest China1500,000 square kilometers.
6.1851-1864 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, 1853 occupied Nanjing another day, made its capital, and established a regime against the Qing Dynasty. In order to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty, troops were sent to the Northern Expedition and the Western Expedition.
7. As an imperial envoy, Zuo adopted the strategy of "going north first, then going south, and slowly advancing into urgent battle" to recover Xinjiang. In order to strengthen the management and defense of the northwest frontier, the Qing government established a province in Xinjiang in 1884.
8. 1894- 1895 After the defeat of the Qing government in the Sino-Japanese War, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed with Japan, which greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China.
9. 1900 Spring, the Boxer Rebellion was aimed at imperialist aggression.
10. 190 1 year, the Qing government was forced to sign the treaty of mourning for ugliness with the eight countries, which increased the newborn burden of China people and seriously damaged China's sovereignty. Since then, the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China, and China has completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
1 1.65438+ Hubei textile layout etc. In the 1970s and 1980s, three navies, namely, the South China Sea, Beiyang and Fujian, were formed. Shi Jing Wentong Museum was founded in 1938+0862, which is the first new school founded by the Westernization School.
13.1In the spring of 895, Kang Youwei's "Letter to the Bus" kicked off the political reform.
14. 1898 From June to September, Emperor Guangxu promulgated a series of decrees covering political, economic, military, educational and ideological changes.
In 15. 1894, Sun Yat-sen organized a revolutionary group, the Zhong Xing Society. 1905, a unified revolutionary organization with Sun Yat-sen as the prime minister was established, and the revolutionary program of overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, abolishing the absolute monarchy, establishing a democratic country and reforming the land system was adopted. Its establishment greatly promoted the bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement throughout the country.
16.1911The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, ended the feudal monarchy in China for more than 2,000 years, and made democracy and ideas deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. However, the achievements of the Revolution of 1911 were stolen by Yuan Shikai, a northern warlord, and failed to complete the task of anti-imperialism and feudalism.
17. 19 15, Chen Duxiu and other intellectuals held high the two banners of "democracy" and "science", took New Youth magazine as the main position, launched a new culture movement, and attacked Zun Kong with four main ideas and four oppositions as the main content, thus setting off a trend of ideological emancipation in society.
In 18. 19 18, Li Dazhao published two articles, The Victory of the Common People and The Victory of Bolshevism, to promote Marxism.
19. The New Culture Movement is an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement in the history of our country. It inspires people to pursue democracy and science, explores the truth of saving the country and the people, and creates conditions for the spread of Marxism in China. However, the New Culture Movement also showed absolute negative or positive bias towards the eastern and western cultures, and had an impact on later generations.
the opium war
/kloc-in the first half of the 0/9th century, British opium made huge profits.
After opium was imported into China, poverty and weakness in China became more serious.
1839 Lin zexu, destroying opium at the gate of Qizhihu,
Sold more than 2 million Jin of cigarettes, and was remembered by the descendants of national heroes.
1840 opium war, Qishan negotiated with Britain,
National hero investigated, 1842 signed the terms.
Treaty of nanking cut Hong Kong, with an indemnity of 2 1 ten thousand (Spanish silver dollar).
The opening of five commercial ports marks the beginning of modern history.
Crimes of foreign powers invading China during the Second Opium War.
1856 to 60, the second opium war,
1860 occupied Tianjin and 10 invaded Beijing.
The allied forces burned Yuanmingyuan, and the burning, killing and looting were inhuman.
Russia took the opportunity to have bad intentions and the series of treaties were unequal.
The cession of1500,000-plus land has deepened the national disaster.
Jintian uprising Taiping Army, 1853 occupied Nanking,
Rise up against foreign guns and kill the people of the Great Wall.
3. Recover Xinjiang
Agubo invaded Xinjiang, became a Khan and wanted to be king.
The Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu advocated the recovery of Xinjiang.
1876 led the Qing army, a good policy of "north first and then south",
"Slow in and rush out" to fight against the enemy and win back the hearts and minds of Xinjiang.
1884 CCB is of great historical significance.
1894- 1895 sino-Japanese war
Japan dominated the ambitious wolf, and the Sino-Japanese War broke out in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.
Deng Shichang, a national hero, became famous in the Yellow Sea War.
Command "Zhiyuan" crashed into "Yoshino", and the Japanese fleet was hit hard.
The Qing Dynasty was corrupt and incompetent, and treaty of shimonoseki signed it again.
"Liaotai Pengdao" paid Japan 220 million silver,
Let Japan set up factories to trade, and the semi-colony will be deeper.
Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China.
The Boxer Rebellion started in Shandong and became popular all over the country in March.
Anti-imperialism loves the meritorious military service of the country and acts as a hero against the allied forces.
1900 bear in mind that Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beij,
It is difficult for hsinchu to write this charge of burning, killing and looting, which is immoral.
190 1 Do you remember the humiliation of the Xin Chou Treaty?
Compensation for silver was 4.5 million taels, and anti-imperialist activities were jailed.
Dongjiaominxiang is the embassy, and the battery is dismantled to occupy the railway.
"Semi-colonial and semi-closed" has been fully formed, and people's lives have become more painful.
Six Westernization Movements
The new concept of Westernization Movement is "learning from foreigners to control foreigners".
Central representative Prince Gong and local (former) warlord Li Hongzhang,
Zhang Zhidong, Zuo and Xing set up factories,
Building a navy, opening a school, "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" are like dreams.
Although the Westernization Movement failed, it did not make China rich and strong.
However, we must not forget the objective role of imported technology and experience.
1898 reform movement
"treaty of shimonoseki" spread to Beijing, and "Kangliang" took the lead in uniting the people.
Writing on the Bus swept the country, and the reform of law and dimension began.
1 8 9 8, the reform movement of 1898,
Cixi coup, six gentlemen were killed.
the Revolution of 1911
"Zhongshan" founded the revolutionary party, such new ideas as "rejuvenating China" and "Alliance".
National rights and people's livelihood, the banner of "Three People's Principles".
19 1 1 year, Wuchang Uprising,
On New Year's Day the following year, the Republic of China was founded.
The Revolution of 1911 is of great significance, and the "harmony of democracy" is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
The rule of the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, and the feudal autocracy was gone forever.
Yuan Shikai, a traitor, came to power as a warlord.
Nine New Culture Movement
In the early years of the Republic of China, old and new thoughts collided.
Pioneers "Chen Li" and "Land Rover" raised the banner of "science" and "democracy".
"New Youth" beats gongs and drums, and "four masters" and "four oppositions" break new paths.
The voice of the October Revolution will see the dawn in the new century.
The introduction of Marxism into China pointed out the direction of saving the country and the people.