Zhu: (Zhu) zh

Many, many: ladies and gentlemen. Gentlemen. Warlords. Chorus of "Dao" or "Dao": cast at the end of Bohai Sea. Jude Tzu Chi: "What can you do?" . Yu: "The personnel information chapter of the Song Dynasty is suitable for the whole Yue Dynasty". Language help is meaningless: "The sun lives in the moon and shines on the earth." Last name.

Number of strokes:10; Radical: we;

Number of strokes: 4512132511

Sentence: In ancient times, the vassals of small countries under the jurisdiction of emperors were called vassals.

Jealousy: Du is jealous because others are good: jealousy. Jealousy Envy. Jealous of talent.

Number of strokes: 7; Radical: female;

Number of strokes: 53 145 13

Sentence: Instead of being jealous of others, try to improve yourself.

Inspector: dücheck；; Regulation: regulation. Supervision. Supervision. Inspector. Urge. Inspector. Shu-uh (also called "supervisor"). Supervise the war. Inspector. Punishment: Supervision (reprimanded by the inspector). Supervision responsibility. Official name of ancient general: Governor. Du you. Supervision and protection. Governor. Governor.

Number of strokes:13; Radical: purpose;

Number of strokes: 211234542511.

Sentence: Under the supervision of relevant departments, counterfeit goods have disappeared in the market.

A stockade: a stockade. Luzhai (a common obstacle in the military, it was made of sharpened bamboo or branches in ancient times, but now it is made of iron thistle, etc. ). Camp where soldiers were stationed in the old days: Camp. Shanzhai water town Set up camp Lord. Village: Village. Miao village.

Number of strokes:14; Radical: meter;

Number of strokes: 44511221341234.

Jiuzhaigou is a famous tourist attraction.

Ray: Ray.

Grinding: grinding into fine powder. Beat: drum beating. Blow your own horn. A platform for holding competitions, such as "swinging, swinging". Fight and fight.

Number of strokes:16; Radical: easy;

Number of strokes:121145244425121.

Sentence: Everyone is used to his boasting.

Na:nà[ shout] shout loudly, such as "Come on" and "wave the flag and shout". However, nè is "slow" and speaks slowly.

Number of strokes: 7; Radical: mouth;

Number of strokes: 25 12534

Sentence making: He was full of strength when he heard everyone cheering.

Cheng: Cheng

Assistant: prime minister (the highest minister who assisted the emperor in managing state affairs in ancient times). Fu Cheng, an official who assisted the chief official in feudal times. Xian cheng In ancient times, it was the same "bearing", bearing.

Number of strokes: 6; Radical:1;

Number of strokes: 52534 1

Sentence making: In ancient times, the highest minister who assisted the emperor in managing state affairs was called the prime minister.

● Keywords

Good at calculation: amazing wit, clever planning, predictive description, good at estimating objective situation and deciding strategy.

Jealousy: I feel a little jealous of others.

Consultation: discussion, consultation.

Turn away: refuse, refuse.

Inquire: to inquire, inquire.

● Learning objectives

First, with the help of the contents of textbooks, train students' thinking ability, especially generalization ability, and in the process of this training, cultivate students' oral expression ability, so that students can think and speak.

Second, the first stage of this teaching link is to guide students to sum up general principles from specific historical events (from special to general inductive reasoning); The second stage is to guide students to analyze specific cases (from general to special deductive reasoning) by means of hypothetical situations. These two thinking training processes are just a complete cycle of cognitive activities-"These are two cognitive processes, one is from special to general, and the other is from general to special. People's understanding is always carried out like this. " (Mao Zedong's "On Contradiction") This kind of teaching teaches students how to know things and cultivates students' ability to know the objective world.

Third, in the first stage, middle school students summed up the truth that "if you want to get things done, your thoughts must conform to the actual situation". This is actually what Comrade Mao Zedong said: "If you want to do a good job, that is, get the expected results, you must make your thoughts conform to the laws of the objective outside world." (On Practice) This kind of teaching design digs into the educational factors inherent in the textbook and enlightens students with dialectical materialism without losing time. This kind of enlightenment education has no rigid and abstract philosophical concept at all, but thinks and experiences on the basis of students' existing knowledge and experience and the concrete support provided by the text. No external application, no injection, no "promotion"; No labels, no slogans.

Fourthly, at the end of this class, the discussion and students' thinking were not confined to a textbook, but were done from the textbook, went deep into the textbook and jumped out of the textbook, which expanded the classroom teaching effect. In this way, the teaching of a text is ended, so that students can have an overall understanding of the content of the text and the resourcefulness of Zhuge Liang, a historical figure, in the "borrowing an arrow" incident at a higher level. This overall understanding is different in weight and height from the overall understanding of the content and structure of the text at the beginning of the lecture.

● Text focus

1. Understand the content of the text and know that the main reasons for Zhuge Liang's success in borrowing arrows are knowledge, strategy, generosity and courage.

This passage is rewritten according to the plot of "borrowing an arrow from a straw boat" in China's famous classical historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The story of a straw boat borrowing an arrow took place in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan are called Wei, Shu and Wu. At that time, Cao Cao had just defeated Liu Bei and sent troops to attack Sun Quan, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan joined forces to resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Sun Quan for help in the war. Zhuge Liang's story of "borrowing an arrow from a boat" happened when Sun and Cao resisted. Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and asked Zhuge Liang to build 100 thousand arrows in ten days to frame him. Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu fought wits and used clever tricks to borrow arrows from Cao Cao, which foiled Zhou Yu's plot against him and showed Zhuge Liang's courage and wisdom.

You lent me twenty boats, each with thirty sergeants. The boat is covered with a green curtain, and more than 1000 straw handles are arranged on both sides of the boat. I have my own clever use. On the third day, I left a hundred thousand arrows. ..... Lu Su agreed. ..... so he didn't mention borrowing the boat.

It is said that Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su for help and asked Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu about borrowing the boat. "You lent me 20 ships, each with 30 sergeants ... and 1000 straws ... I have my own magic." You don't need bamboo, feathers, glue pigments and other things to make arrows. What can you do with a boat, a sergeant and a straw handle? "Its own magical function" shows that Zhuge Liang has a well-thought-out plan. Zhuge Liang turned to Lu Su for help and asked him to keep a secret. Lu Su didn't tell Zhou Yu about it. It shows that Zhuge Liang knows that Lu Su is honest and trustworthy. Zhuge Liang didn't let Zhou Yu know about borrowing the boat, which showed that he knew Zhou Yu. If Zhou Yu finds out, he will definitely try to block it, and the plan may fail. From this we can see that Zhuge Liang is resourceful, courageous and knowledgeable.

At this time, it is foggy all over the sky, and it is difficult to face each other on the river. ..... Zhuge Liang ordered the bow to face west and the stern to face east, and told the sergeant on board to drum and shout. ..... More than ten thousand ladies-in-waiting put arrows into the river together, and the arrows rained like rain. Zhuge Liang ordered someone to turn the boat over, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west, still beating drums and shouting, and quickly went to the water village in Cao Jun to get an arrow.

The analysis here is that Zhuge Liang skillfully borrowed an arrow from Cao Cao, which highlights Zhuge Liang's mastery of astronomy and meteorology and his understanding of Cao Cao. Grasping Cao Cao's cautious and suspicious character, he made thoughtful and ingenious arrangements and successfully "borrowed arrows" by using foggy weather. It's foggy all over the sky, and there is fog everywhere. Choosing such weather shows that Zhuge Liang is proficient in astronomy and meteorology and accurate in prediction. "You can't even see face to face on the river." Cao Caocai dared not "go out easily" and only let the crossbowman shoot arrows. "Connect the boats with ropes" and "spread out in one word" will help to unify actions, avoid getting separated and leave no gaps, so that the area for collecting arrows will be large. The sergeant "drummed and shouted", which not only created momentum, but also prompted the direction of archery. "Arrows are like rain" and "capsize the boat". Being shot by arrows from both sides can not only get more arrows, but also keep the balance of the hull. All aspects are considered and arranged skillfully. Cao Cao demanded that "more than 10,000 crossbowmen shoot arrows in the river together". It can be seen that Zhuge Liang knew that Cao Cao was suspicious and cautious in using troops, and would not "send out easily" if he could not see the truth clearly.

2. Understand the cause and effect of things and the step-by-step development process.

"Distinguishing the cause and effect of things" is the key to understand this matter. This text is narrated according to the sequence of events, not only the whole event has cause and effect, but also some specific situations in the event have their cause and effect.

For example, Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from Cao Cao with a straw boat, and there was cause and effect. Because Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent, he made 100 thousand arrows in ten days. As a result, Zhuge Liang issued a military order and promised to build 100 thousand arrows in three days. Because Zhuge Liang took care of Lu Su, Zhou Yu could not know about borrowing the boat, so when Lu Su reported to Zhou Yu, he did not mention Zhuge Liang's borrowing the boat. Thus, the plan to borrow the arrow of the straw boat was implemented. Because Zhuge Liang is proficient in astronomy and meteorology, he chose "fog all over the sky" to "borrow arrows" because Zhuge Liang understood Cao Cao's cautious and suspicious character, and the river was foggy and he couldn't see the truth clearly, so Cao Cao ordered not to go out easily and only let the crossbowman shoot arrows. As a result, more than 100 thousand arrows were inserted in the straw handles on both sides of twenty ships.

3. Experience Zhuge Liang's strategizing with the arrow of a straw boat.

"Clever plan" refers to amazing wit and ingenious planning, describes foresight, and is good at deciding strategies according to objective conditions. The whole story of "borrowing an arrow from a straw boat" really illustrates Zhuge Liang's clever plan. From the preparation of the ship, sergeant and straw handle before borrowing the arrow to the fog when borrowing the arrow, Cao Cao dared not "go out easily", and then turned the bow to get the arrow on both sides. "There are about five or six thousand arrows in each ship and more than 100 thousand in twenty ships." All these show that Zhuge Liang has a clever plan, which shows that Zhuge Liang is proficient in astronomy and meteorology, understands people, and makes thoughtful and clever arrangements. Taking care of Zhuge Liang at the beginning of the text is "quite talented". At the end of the article, Zhou Yu lamented that "Zhuge Liang is resourceful and I can't compare with him", which also reflected Zhuge Liang's extraordinary talent and ingenious calculation.

● Relevant knowledge

"Borrowing an Arrow from a Grass Boat" tells the story of Zhou Yu's design to murder Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang's clever trick, borrowing an arrow from a Grass Boat, and Zhou Yu laments himself. After reading the complete article, everyone admires Zhuge Liang's extraordinary intelligence. Below, let's take a look at how the article reflects Zhuge Liang's ingenuity.

First of all, countermeasures

Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and wanted to get rid of him. When discussing military affairs, Zhuge Liang was given ten days to build 100 thousand arrows, but Zhuge Liang said that it only took three days and issued a military order. He will be punished if it is not built within three days. Zhou Yu was very happy and thought Zhuge Liang had been trapped by him. In fact, it is Zhou Yu himself who is really fooled. It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's strategy is extraordinary and he has long been aware of it.

Second, know yourself and yourself.

Zhou Yu sent Lu Su to inquire about Zhuge Liang's making arrows. Zhuge Liang knew that Lu Su was honest, trustworthy and took care of the overall situation. So, Lu Su was asked to help him prepare 20 boats, each with 30 soldiers, 1000 straw handles and green curtains. Lu Su kept his promise and didn't let the wind out. In this way, Zhou Yu not only failed to obtain real information, but also objectively created the necessary conditions for the realization and success of Zhuge Liang's strategy.

It was not until the fourth watch of the third day that it was foggy that Zhuge Liang secretly invited Lu Su to the boat and took the arrow together. Before dawn, the ship approached the water village in Cao Jun. Zhuge Liang grasped Cao Cao's suspicious and cautious nature. It is expected that he will not see the truth clearly and will never go out easily. He only ordered the crossbowman to shoot an arrow into the river. So I borrowed Cao Cao's 100 thousand arrows as easy as blowing off dust. The process of borrowing arrows not only shows Zhuge Liang's rich astronomical knowledge, but also shows Zhuge Liang's superb military command ability.

Third, the meaning of drunkenness is not wine.

When taking the arrow, Zhuge Liang said to Lu Su, who was "surprised", "Just drink for fun", which reflected Zhuge Liang's composure.

Finally, the text ends with a sigh of Zhou Yu, and Zhuge Liang's straw boat won a great victory with one arrow. When studying this article, students should grasp the above three points, which will not only help to deeply understand the main content of the article and the personality characteristics of the characters, but also help to deeply understand the central idea of the article.