Tao Yuanming is from Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Born in Ruan Ji in the late Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Ji Kang has been dead for over 0/00 years. At that time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty had been established for several decades, and the poetic world had been shrouded in metaphysical poems for hundreds of years, which became more and more boring and became the annotation of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's thoughts. The appearance of Tao Yuanming broke this situation. His poems swept all metaphysical poems in a natural state, and integrated life philosophy, pastoral life and landscape amusement into his poems, which made his poems move towards the correct development path.

Tao Yuanming was taciturn when he was young. At the age of twenty, he wanted to go out and find a part-time job. In the tenth article of Drinking, he wrote: "I traveled a long way in the past until I reached the corner of the East China Sea. Whoever made this trip seems to be driven by hunger. " It can be seen from the poem that he wants to be an official in order to fill his stomach. He lost his father when he was young and lived alone with his old mother and sister. As the only boy in the family, he needs a job to make a living. It may be that the political situation was too chaotic at that time, so I chose to get married and have children. I didn't take the post of offering wine until I was 29 years old, but I returned home soon, and then I was recruited as the main book, but I didn't go. Maybe he didn't feel the happiness of being an official during this period. If he is unhappy, he might as well go home in time.

The situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is changeable. Later he joined the shogunate where the rebels went. Huan Xuan was the son of Huan Wen, a famous power minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Huan Wen succeeded in several northern expeditions and once wanted to replace the throne. Later, the first emperor of the Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wu of Song, killed Huan Xuan, so Tao Yuanming joined the army. Tao Yuanming's experience as an official did not make him feel the happiness of being an official. Perhaps this is not his life choice, and he still yearns for rural life. Later, his sister passed away. Facing her departure, he finally felt that life was short, so he wrote "Come home to Xi" and shouted the slogan "It is better to go home", which laid the foundation for his life. It is also said that when Tao Yuanming made the pengze county Order for the last time, he was teased by Du You. Tao Yuanming said, "I won't bow down to you for five buckets of rice." Maybe Du You's behavior was really bad. In short, Tao Yuanming quit. This incident was the reason why he finally chose to live in seclusion. Later, this kind of integrity became the goal pursued by many scholars.

Tao Yuanming has been living in seclusion at the foot of Lushan Mountain since he was forty or fifty years old. During the fire at home, he was forced to move. Later, Chao Gai recruited him as an official, and he still lived in seclusion. During this period, Emperor Wu of Song established the first country in the Southern Dynasties, and Tao Yuanming also made some scholars. Of course, these people all worship Tao Yuanming, including Jiangzhou secretariat Wang Hong, literary celebrity Yan Yanzhi and monk Tan Daoji. Yan Yanzhi, Tao Yuanming's kindred spirit, also belongs to that kind of careless person. He is bold and unrestrained, but his literary taste is not bad. At that time, he was named Xie Lingyun.

Tao Yuanming is familiar with Confucianism and often quotes sentences from The Analects. He was also deeply influenced by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's thoughts. His poems often quote allusions from Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. In addition, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties also influenced him. Among his friends are Buddhist monks, so he can also see Buddhist words in his works, but he is not a Buddhist. Tao Yuanming's thinking about life is an important conclusion. Tao Yuanming's code of conduct is poverty and happiness, which embodies Confucianism. In his poems, there are often Confucian sentences, such as "a teacher has a legacy and is not worried about poverty." "The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the sword comes from Yanjing." Regarding Taoism, there is also a saying that "this makes sense, I forgot what I wanted to say." "The home is clean and miscellaneous, and the virtual room is more idle." ? In addition, Tao Yuanming also likes reading history. He praised Jing Ke's Ode to Jing Ke, saying, "I cherish my swordsmanship, but I can't do my wonders." . Although he is gone, he has a thousand years of feelings. "He also read Shan Hai Jing, and Mr. Lu Xun praised his Xingtian Dance, which is immortal.

Of course, the main body of Tao Yuanming's praise is pastoral scenery. He seems particularly white clouds. These clouds are so leisurely in his works, such as "Look at the white clouds in the distance, how deep they are!" "There are no clouds at dusk, and the spring breeze is mild." Tao Yuanming prefers drinking. When his friends and neighbors come to see him, he will definitely bring some wine. "When you walk to the door, you will feel more enthusiastic. Think about it when there is wine. " Of course, he can also make his own wine. He makes wine with his own sorghum. "When the wine is ripe, I will pour it myself." But Tao Yuanming is not an alcoholic. He loves labor. Every day, he "wakes up in the morning and takes the Moon Lotus hoe home." "When the sun enters the phase, the pot pulp is close to the neighbors." He starts to work every morning and doesn't come back until the sun goes down. When he came back, the stars in the sky were already flashing, and the dew was covered with vegetation on the roadside. He likes this state of life. He said: "The road is narrow and the grass is long, and the clothes are exposed in the evening." I'm naked, but I don't want to. "No matter how hard and tired you are, it's nothing. I just hope that this leisure in my heart will not be disturbed by the chaos in the world.

But sometimes such a life is still not self-sufficient, farming depends on fate, and sometimes he can't make ends meet. At this time, he would beg, "Hunger drove me away, and I don't know why." Walking in Sri Lanka, knocking at the door and swearing. "He is not an expressive person. Begging like this made him walk for miles before he got a full meal. He thanked his host for his generous gift. I know how to thank you for your title. I will repay you with happiness. " Tao Yuanming felt that he could not repay his master's kindness, but could only live in the afterlife. But how do these people, who are also farmers, know that the person they receive is not an ordinary beggar, but a great poet who has influenced future generations for thousands of years? Every poem he writes now, every feeling, makes later people understand what he sacrificed for his ideal!

What is his ideal? At first, he appreciated the comfort of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely". He likes drinking with his neighbors, and he envies the stability of life around him. Later, he wrote this feeling into his works. His foothold is no longer a personal ego, but thinking about the fate of this country, so he came up with Peach Blossom Garden. There, he built a virtual living environment, "chickens and dogs are familiar, yellow hair hangs down, I don't know whether there is a Han, regardless of Wei and Jin dynasties." People here live in an isolated environment. They are peach blossoms when they go out, but they never go out. They have no desire to be competitive and are content to enjoy this self-sufficient happiness. But someone still wants to destroy them. People outside are strangers to them. Maybe they want to.

Join such a quiet environment, and maybe they will break the peace. However, no matter who you look for, the result can only be "no way." This stable life can not be found by deliberately joining. It comes from a person's heart, that is, the so-called "heart is far from self-biased." If this turbulent era can stop, no one will yearn for the heart of the Peach Blossom Garden. Now many places are competing for the land of Peach Blossom Garden. This is nonsense. Once a person's heart is in a state of chaos, no matter how many scenic spots he visits, he can't settle down. Utopia is a beautiful fantasy of people, and it also comes from the reflection on war.

Tao Yuanming was not liked before his death. He is a small official and has only two or three friends. He was surrounded by his mother and young son, but he broke through the dilemma of Wei and Jin Dynasties and spread poetry to the distant future. He compiled a book of poetry through Xiao Tong, and its cultural significance was only known after Su Shi highly praised it. Many years later, more and more scholar-officials will get comfort from Tao Yuanming when they seek inner peace, when they are down and out, and when they are dismissed. But there is only one Tao Yuanming, and his seclusion is not deliberately avoiding the world. He really likes this kind of life. This mentality rushed out of China, like a distant American Thoreau calling. Hu Watt, a literary lover, went to the lake to build a house, cut wood and cook, and was self-sufficient. He admired Tao Yuanming and tried to be himself.

Tao Yuanming didn't expect that he was a weirdo who didn't know much about reading. Every time he knew it, he forgot to eat happily. He didn't expect that his favorite chrysanthemums, poems and wine would bring spiritual shock to countless people who yearn for freedom like him. The so-called "fame in a thousand years, fame in ten thousand years, what's the good thing? When you die, it's gone." He didn't expect that Yan Zhitui, who had given him 20,000 yuan and was still single at the age of 30, would write an epitaph for him. The scenery he cared about didn't let him stay with him forever. When Tao Yuanming dies, there will be no more gains!