In the past 37 years, the turnover of Haier Group has been from 3.48 million to 300 billion, and Zhang Ruimin has handed over a perfect "answer sheet", which is known as the China version of kazuo inamori.
As we all know, kazuo inamori, one of the four sages of Japanese business, founded two Fortune 500 companies and saved JAL from bankruptcy. The reason why he can achieve such outstanding results is largely due to his business philosophy. So why should I compare Zhang Ruimin with kazuo inamori?
There is no doubt that Zhang Ruimin is a myth in the commercial history of China, and his story should be known by more young people.
Zhang Ruimin is from Laizhou, Shandong Province, and Qingdao, Shandong Province. His father is a garment factory worker and his mother is a textile factory worker. He has done well in school since he was a child. Junior high school and senior high school are all spent in Qingdao No.1 Middle School. At that time, Zhang Ruimin was ambitious and wanted to enter a good university, but the university refused, and Zhang Ruimin's road to study became a bubble.
It was probably from that time that Zhang Ruimin became fascinated with reading. The Outline of General Studies in China has become his life creed for many times in the future.
Zhang Ruimin, 19 years old, went to the state-owned Qingdao Building Hardware Factory and became a worker. He works hard in the workshop during the day and goes to a far-away school by bike at night. With this learning energy, Zhang Ruimin also enrolled in an amateur university.
Because of his eagerness to learn and understanding, Zhang Ruimin soon rose from an ordinary worker to the team leader, then from the team leader to the secretary of the workshop party branch, and then worked all the way to the deputy director.
It was not until 1982 that Zhang Ruimin's life began to take a turn for the better. At the age of 33, due to his outstanding ability, he was transferred to Qingdao Household Electrical Appliances Industry Company as the deputy manager. Do you seem to think that the deputy manager is downgraded from the deputy director, but in fact it is "down in the dark"?
First of all, Qingdao Household Appliance Industry Company is affiliated to Qingdao Second Light Industry Bureau. Although the name is small. In fact, there are a bunch of subsidiaries below. This deputy manager is actually a deputy general manager and an executive position.
At first, this electrical appliance company produced such things as motors and hair dryers. 1983 after Zhang Ruimin took over, he began to transform. 1984 was renamed as "Qingdao Refrigerator General Factory". This is the predecessor of Haier Group.
But at first, due to the lack of advanced technology, the products produced were not competitive and could not be sold at all, but Zhang Ruimin did not give up, but did three things:
First, rectify discipline.
Thirteen regulations were issued. You know, when an ordinary collective unit issued regulations, it was difficult to implement them below. But Zhang Ruimin is different. He dares to rectify, speaks hard and offends people. He remembers that there were workers, and he often stole some factory parts. Zhang Ruimin was severely punished after learning about it. In his words, although I can't break your iron rice bowl, I can.
The punishment, Zhang Ruimin management majesty stood in the factory.
Second, pay as much as anyone's efforts.
Doing the difficult and correct thing is the way out. At that time, Zhang Ruimin wanted to make a refrigerator, but actually he started very late. The country has established 40 designated refrigerator manufacturers, and the door to introducing technology to foreign countries is almost closed. From introducing the growth line to lending foreign exchange, it needs a lot of examination and approval, and the process is extremely complicated.
At this time, many people advised Zhang Ruimin to give up building refrigerators and do something else, but Zhang Ruimin has a strong energy to compete with himself in his bones, and he must do it well.
No way, if we want to import technology, we must go to Beijing to get approval. In this way, Zhang Ruimin went to Beijing one after another. At that time, it was difficult to buy train tickets, so it was necessary to book them in advance. Zhang Ruimin had no time to book tickets at all. Later, when the train was experienced, we bought platform tickets and then mixed in to make up the tickets. As there were no seats, we had to take a small bench and sit in the aisle.
In Beijing, the real difficulties have just begun. To get approval, you must run through several departments. It was very difficult to ask for help in those days. Can't, Zhang Ruimin can only crustily skin of head, running again and again, grinding again and again, patting his chest again and again, and finally gnawing down these difficulties one by one. This is an attempt.
I remember the most touching time. When it snowed heavily in Beijing, Zhang Ruimin went to a ministry to ask for foreign exchange approval. The clerk was impatient and asked him to wait outside, so Zhang Ruimin had to wait outside. Zhang Ruimin didn't move when the snow fell on his head. A few hours later, the clerk looked up and saw Zhang Ruimin still standing in the snow. He felt very sorry and finally agreed to sign it.
In this way, when Zhang Ruimin's efforts were no less than anyone's, Qingdao Refrigerator General Factory became the last designated unit in China to introduce refrigerator projects.
Soon, Qingdao Refrigerator General Factory came back to life, and 1985 introduced the growth line, which was put into production that year. A * * * produced 0/2,224 refrigerators, with a total production value of 0/34.47 million yuan and a profit of 0/0.73 million yuan. By 1986, the GDP reached 76.48 million yuan, and the profits and taxes reached10.83 million yuan.
Third, for the welfare of workers.
If you earn money, of course, you have to work for the welfare of workers. First of all, you should pay off the wages owed to the workers, and then you should start giving bonuses to the workers who perform well. In this way, the workers' enthusiasm for production will be improved at once. With the increase of workers' income, Zhang Ruimin has not forgotten to strengthen the quality education of workers and the supporting service facilities of factories. For example, when building a new factory, Zhang Ruimin asked for more toilets, and the bathing hall should be spacious and bright, so that workers can feel at home.
Product quality is the lifeline of an enterprise. In the middle and late 1980s, China's manufacturing industry flourished. At that time, there was a saying: "A cart of goods went out and a cart of money came in." People's demand is unprecedentedly high and there is a shortage of materials. Therefore, in order to make money, many enterprises will speed up the production process. As long as the products can be produced, there is no need to sell them, and even ordinary people will snap them up.
The more this time, the easier it is to get lost and ignore the fundamentals of running a business. At that time, Qingdao Refrigerator Factory was very moist, and the production line was equivalent to a printing machine. There is a popular saying in the industry: "You can sell a refrigerator with paper paste."
One day, a friend of Zhang Ruimin's came to buy a refrigerator, and he just picked and chose. Either there was a problem with this one or that one, and finally I managed to pull one away.
Zhang Ruimin immediately felt something was wrong after learning about it. He didn't know until he checked that there were more than 400 refrigerators in the same batch, and 76 refrigerators were found to have problems. Zhang Ruimin thought, if we don't deal with it, there may be 760 or 7600 refrigerators out of order tomorrow, and then the enterprise will be finished.
So I made a decision on the spot and posted a note on these 76 refrigerators, which said what went wrong and who caused it. Then I called all the workers together and announced an order: "whoever caused the problem refrigerator will smash it himself!" "
If this hammer breaks, it's all money. You know, even if there were defects at that time, there were more than 800 refrigerators, and 76 refrigerators were enough to pay all workers three months' wages.
Everyone was crying and begging Zhang Ruimin not to smash the refrigerator, but Zhang Ruimin insisted on smashing it!
The worker smashed the refrigerator with tears. This scene is a classic in the history of modern industrial development in China. That hammer is also in the permanent collection of China Museum.
1990 Qingdao refrigerator general factory won the first national quality management award of China refrigerator industry; 199 1 was selected as "Top Ten Famous Trademarks in China". 1993 Qingdao Refrigerator General Factory merged with Qingdao Electric Refrigerator General Factory, 1993 was renamed Haier Group.
I remember 1990, Haier tried to export 8,000 refrigerators to Germany, but German customs refused to release them out of natural distrust of China products. Later, there was no way out. Haier asked German experts to put Haier refrigerator together with the best refrigerator in Germany at that time, tear off the trademark and make a blind selection. As a result, Haier's products scored the highest in blind selection. This move conquered the Germans at once.
1997, Haier awarded "Haier Product Exclusive Certificate" to 12 German distributors at the World Household Appliances Expo held in Cologne. You know, at that time, this kind of certificate was issued by foreign manufacturers to China dealers, and this time it was issued by us to foreign dealers, which is the first time in the history of China.
I remember there was a classic photo. Haier people sit in the front row, and foreign dealers stand in the back row with certificates. This photo was later seen by a leader and said a classic sentence: "China people really stood up while sitting!" This sentence tells the humiliation suffered by China in the past hundred years. China has really started to develop independently and become a powerful country in science and technology!
Zhang Ruimin devoted his life to building a small factory on the verge of bankruptcy into a top 500 in the world. At that time, making refrigerators was already a Red Sea market. At that time, there were 40 refrigerator enterprises supported by the state. Why can Haier be the first in the world?
A large part of the reason is attributed to Zhang Ruimin's management skills, which can be condensed into one word, that is, to stimulate employees' "consciousness".
In fact, the self-driving force mentioned here is similar to the "spontaneous combustion" mentioned by Mr. kazuo inamori!
This self-driving force is actually mainly reflected in the following four aspects:
First, stimulate employees' dreams.
It is not surprising that a person has a dream, but what is commendable is that a person can wake everyone up and move towards the same dream. And Zhang Ruimin is such a management genius.
Zhang Ruimin will keep telling employees that we should be the first, become the top 500 in the world and win glory for our country. He instills this slogan in employees all the time. If a person has a dream, the whole world will make way for you. If a group of people have a dream, they will be invincible.
Second, dare to take responsibility.
In addition to smashing 76 refrigerators, Zhang Ruimin has done a lot of responsible and courageous things. On one occasion, Zhang Ruimin's right-hand man, Yang Mianmian, found a hair in the refrigerator, so he immediately stopped production and rectified the whole factory, and intercepted all the refrigerators that had been packaged, and re-opened the box for inspection to ensure that there was no problem before releasing them. Quality is the life of an enterprise. Only enterprises that dare to take responsibility will firmly hold the bottom line of quality!
Third, establish habits.
Zhang Ruimin's most classic set of management methods is called: "After finishing every day, the sky is high and the clouds are light." The core of this sentence is to tell everyone that today's work must be done, today must be better than yesterday, and tomorrow's goal must be higher than today.
In fact, this sentence contains a profound business philosophy. If everyone or every enterprise can make a little progress every day, then time is the best gift and you will eventually grow into a big tree.
In kazuo inamori's words, make progress every day, be more kind and altruistic, and your life will get better soon. Once the habit of daily progress is formed, the power of compound interest can not be underestimated as time goes by.
Fourth, people are integrated.
Zhang Ruimin has been on the podium of Harvard Business School and Wharton Business School for many times in 1990s, and his many management experiences have been recognized by top management scholars and entrepreneurs in the world.
Among them, Zhang Ruimin's most influential set of management ideas is called "one person, one person".
People here refer to employees, only to the needs of users. Unity's idea is to closely connect the needs of employees and users.
Zhang Ruimin changed Haier's management structure through the management idea of "one person, one person", and split the original executives and employees into entrepreneurial teams. Even the original financial and administrative departments have to find their own "single" and create their own profits. From a manufacturing enterprise, Haier Group has instantly become a platform for cultivating and serving makers.
In Zhang Ruimin's words, everyone is his own CEO, everyone is responsible for the results, and everyone can benefit from the results. It has greatly liberated everyone's thoughts and enhanced the vitality of innovation to a greater extent.
Before Haier acquired Sanyo White Power of Japan and General Electric of the United States, both companies suffered losses year after year. Once it was acquired by Haier, it opened the management mode of "one person, one product". Sanyo turned losses into profits in eight months, and General Electric changed from negative to positive in that year, and its profit rate increased from 5% to 22%.
From then on, Zhang Ruimin ascended the throne of China management sage. His "one-in-one" management model has become one of the three major management models in the world. The first two modes are assembly line mode represented by Ford and lean production mode represented by Toyota.
In recent years, with the development of Internet and high technology, Zhang Ruimin and Haier rarely appear in everyone's field of vision, but in fact, Zhang Ruimin's international reputation may be much higher than that of China. The top 10 business schools in the world are all studying Zhang Ruimin's management thoughts. In Zhang Ruimin's words, people in Ford mode are "economic people", people in Toyota mode are "social people" and people in single-player mode are.
In fact, the three management models include the relationship between people and things, and between people and themselves. Although Zhang Ruimin abdicated in 1972, his thoughts will never end. Although the management mode of "one person, one person" has achieved initial results in Haier, we hope this mode can be extended to many enterprises and create greater legends.