The Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (Japanese War, Korean Peninsula War, Sino-Japanese War/First Sino-Japanese War) was a war of Japanese aggression against China and Korea at the end of 19. According to China's calendar, 1894, the time when the war broke out was the Sino-Japanese War, so it was called the Sino-Japanese War.

During the Meiji Restoration, Japan embarked on the capitalist road, actively invaded and expanded abroad, and determined a "mainland policy" centered on China. At this time, the Qing Dynasty was an empire exposed to the world through the Westernization Movement, with political corruption, poor people's lives, intrigue among various factions in the officialdom, strong national defense and military, and lax discipline.

The world's major capitalist countries are gradually transitioning to imperialism, and Japan's aggression has been supported by western powers to some extent.

1894, the East Learning Party uprising broke out in North Korea, and the North Korean government forces were successively defeated and forced to ask for help from the sovereign state of the Qing Dynasty. Japan also took the opportunity to send troops to North Korea and deliberately provoked war.

1894 (20th year of Guangxu) On July 25th, the naval battle of Toyoda broke out, and the Sino-Japanese War began. Because the Japanese had planned for a long time, the Qing Dynasty rushed to fight, and the war ended with the defeat of China and the annihilation of the Beiyang Navy. Under the military pressure of Japanese militarism, the Qing government in China signed the treaty of shimonoseki in April 1895.

The result of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 brought unprecedented national crisis to the Chinese nation and greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China society. On the other hand, it has made Japan's national strength stronger and laid an important foundation for it to become a big country.

Extended data

China influence

Treaty of shimonoseki is the most serious unequal treaty after treaty of nanking. The imperialist countries invoked the one-sided most-favored-nation treatment and obtained all the privileges granted to Japan by China in treaty of shimonoseki except the compensation for ceding land. It brought serious harm to modern China society, greatly accelerated the process of semi-colonization of China and deepened the national crisis.

(1) The cession of Taiwan Province Province and other large territories further undermined the integrity of China's sovereignty, stimulated the ambitions of the great powers to carve up China, and further deepened the national crisis. But also caused an unbridgeable gap between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland, which continues to this day.

(2) The huge compensation has increased the burden on the people of China. Meanwhile, it accelerated the development of Japanese militarism. As a result, the Qing Dynasty borrowed a lot of foreign debts, which led foreign powers to control the economic lifeline of China.

(3) The opening of trading ports has enabled the imperialist forces of aggression to penetrate into Chinese mainland.

(4) Being allowed to invest and set up factories in China, other powers cite the "benefit sharing" clause and compete to set up factories in China, which seriously hinders the development of Chinese national capitalism. At the same time, it also reflects the process of the economic aggression of the great powers against China from commodity export to capital export.

Treaty of shimonoseki reflects the imperialist demand for capital export and world division. The invasion of China by foreign capitalism has entered a new stage. In a word, treaty of shimonoseki made China face an unprecedented national crisis, and the semi-colonial degree of China society was greatly deepened.

The influence of Asia

① From China's point of view, firstly, the signing of treaty of shimonoseki (the failure of China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895) marked the failure of the Westernization Movement that lasted for more than 30 years, obliterated the achievements of modernization and broke the pursuit of national rejuvenation by China people in modern times. Second, the paid cession of land and the loss of sovereignty facilitated the large-scale export of capital by the great powers to China, which set off a wave of carve-up, marked a new stage of the invasion of China by the great powers and greatly deepened the semi-colonization of China. China's international status has fallen sharply.

Thirdly, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and treaty of shimonoseki directly led to the upsurge of the spontaneous anti-aggression struggle of the people of China, such as the people's movement to save the nation and survive, the bourgeois reform and democratic revolution movement and the Boxer Movement.

(2) For Japan, the huge reparations obtained through treaty of shimonoseki and strategic locations such as Taiwan Province Province not only promoted the further development of domestic capitalism, but also facilitated Japan's further aggression in the Far East, making Japan the only emerging capitalist power in Asia.

In addition, in order to fight against the humiliation of Russia and the intervention of the three countries, Japan put forward the slogan of "sleeping and tasting courage" and restarted the ten-year expansion plan; On the other hand, it contributed to the formation of "anglo-japanese alliance" and opened a new round of hegemony in East Asia.

(3) As far as North Korea is concerned, "treaty of shimonoseki" legally marks the formal end of thousands of years of suzerain-vassal relations between China and North Korea, and the traditional Chinese and foreign order and tributary system in East Asia also suffered a final blow and collapsed. North Korea gained independence in name, but in fact it was controlled by Japan. After that, Russian forces entered Korea, and the competition between Japan and Russia in Korea became increasingly fierce, which finally triggered the 1904 Russo-Japanese War.

(4) Regarding the situation in the Far East, treaty of shimonoseki set off a frenzy of imperialism to carve up China and intensified the struggle of imperialist powers in the Far East. The triple interference incident clearly reflects the collusion and struggle between the great powers on the issue of aggression against China.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 1894- 1895

Baidu Encyclopedia-treaty of shimonoseki