China's chessboard is square, and there is a "boundary river" in the middle of the chessboard to separate the opposing sides. There are 90 intersections where the two sides cross, and the chess pieces are placed at these intersections. China chess * * *, a total of 32 pieces, divided into black and red groups. Each side uses a group, and each group has a handsome (general), two soldiers, two elephants, two horses, two cars, two cannons and five soldiers (soldiers). When two people fight, put their respective pieces in the designated position, the red side goes first, and then take turns to put the pieces. There are many ways to move chess pieces, such as: the horse moves in Japanese style, and the horse moves in Tian Zi style, which makes the car "rampage". Soldiers can only move forward in order to win the death of their opponents, regardless of the outcome.
After 1949, China chess was included in the official national sports competition. After 1970s, China chess began to go out of Asia and go to the world. At present, more than 40 countries and regions in the world have established the China Elephant.
The Origin and Evolution of Chess
How did chess come into being? Which country and who invented this ancient and forever energetic quiz? This issue has long attracted the attention of many scholars and historians.
Some chess lovers in the west, while admiring its magical charm, can't know who its inventor is, but think it is a gift from God to mankind. This statement is of course nonsense for modern people with scientific minds.
There are various interesting legends about the origin of chess. A famous legend goes like this:
In ancient India, there was a king with superhuman strength and great wealth. But power and wealth eventually made Hafnium tired of life. He is eager for new excitement. One day, an old man came to see the king with his invention-chess. The king saw this novel and liked it very much, so he confronted the old man. But once I started, I was reluctant to let go, so I had to watch the old man for three days and three nights in a row. On the fourth morning, the king was very satisfied and said to the old man:
"You gave me endless fun. In order to reward you, I have decided now that you can get anything you want from me. "
Indeed, the king is so rich. Is there anything he can't satisfy? But the old man replied:
"Almighty king, although you are the richest man in the world, I'm afraid you can't meet my requirements."
The king is unhappy. He frowned and said sternly:
"Go, even if you want half the kingdom."
So, the old man spoke his request:
"Please order the king to put one wheat in the first grid, two wheat in the second grid, four wheat in the third grid and eight wheat in the fourth grid, so as to double it at a time until the sixty-fourth grid."
"Poor old man, is that all you want?"
The king couldn't help laughing. He immediately ordered people to get a bag of wheat and count it to the old man according to his requirements. But a bag of wheat was quickly eaten up. The king felt a little strange, so he ordered someone to get another bag. . . Followed by the third and fourth bags. . . . Wheat is piled up like a mountain, but it is still far from sixty-four squares. I saw the king's face gradually changed from surprise to gloom, and finally he flew into a rage. It turns out that the wheat in his vault has been removed, and he can't reach the fiftieth square on the chessboard. The king thought the old man was teasing him and ordered him to be killed.
There is nothing wrong with what the old man said. His demands can't really be met. According to the calculation, the total number of wheat in 64 squares on the chessboard will be a 19 digit, which is about 200 billion tons by weight. At that time, the annual output of wheat in the world was only several hundred million tons.
Another legend goes like this:
About two thousand years ago, a fierce war broke out in India. After the war, there were mountains of bones and rivers of blood, which was really terrible. When an allied man saw this scene, he immediately made a 64-square chessboard and shaped some soldiers with helmets and armor of different shapes into chess pieces. He reappeared the battle on the battlefield on the chessboard, and finally attracted the interest of kings, generals and Brahmans who were good at fighting and relied on their strength. Since then, the intellectual contest on the chessboard has replaced the bloody fighting on the battlefield.
Although these legends are interesting and enlightening, they can't help us find the inventor of chess. In fact, we can't say which country or person invented chess, only that it is the creation of working people and the crystallization of human wisdom. Its emergence and development are inseparable from the development of human society.
According to reliable written records, chess has a history of at least 1500 years. It evolved from an ancient Indian chess called "Chatulanka" after a long period of circulation. Scholars and historians are still debating how Chatulanka came into being, whether it was born in ancient India or handed down from China. We can only start with "Chatulanka" and regard it as the embryonic form of modern chess.
There were only four kinds of chess pieces in Chatulanka at that time. It turns out that "Chatulanka" means four things in Sanskrit. These four kinds of chess pieces are: infantry, cavalry, chariot and elephant. They just reflect the composition of the ancient Indian army. At that time, elephants could rampage on straight lines and horizontal lines, just like cars now. As time goes on, this way of walking gradually gives way to cars. Trade and war are two ways for Chatulanka to spread from India wholeheartedly. The transmission route is roughly: India-Iran-Central Asia-Arab countries-Europe. By the Renaissance, chess was very popular in Europe. It, riding, fencing, singing and poetry were listed as seven compulsory arts for knights at that time.
After about a thousand years, chess began to look like what we see now, but the way of playing chess was not exactly the same. At that time, the soldier's first step could only be one square, and when he reached the bottom line, he could only change back and could not change other pieces; Elephants can only walk two squares at a time on the diagonal, and then they can only walk one square at a time on the diagonal. Much like China's chess, there is no king-cart translocation and no forced peace. The evolution of chess is not smooth sailing. Whenever a new way appears, there will always be opposition. For example, there are many people who oppose the translocation of the king car. It was not until the middle of19th century that the law was unified. But many new ways have stood the test of time and finally got everyone's approval. Some new ways can't stand the test of time and are finally eliminated by history.
Since19th century, there has been a formal chess game. From 65438 to 0924, the International Olympic Committee listed chess as an official Olympic event, and more than 50 players from 18 countries participated in the 8th Olympic Games held in Paris. Three days after the competition, the Chess Federation was founded, and the development of chess entered a new stage.
Therefore, no matter from the origin or stereotype, chess is the first.