[Edit this paragraph] Overview
Generally speaking, hard disk interfaces are divided into IDE, SATA, SCSI and Fibre Channel. Hard disks with IDE interface are mostly used for household products, and some are also used for servers. Hard disks with SCSI interfaces are mainly used in the server market, while Fibre Channel is only used in high-end servers, which is expensive. SATA is a new type of hard disk interface, which is still in the stage of market popularization and has broad prospects in the domestic market. Under the categories of IDE and SCSI, there are many specific interface types, and each interface has different technical specifications and different transmission speeds, such as ATA 100 and SATA. Ultra 160 SCSI and Ultra320 SCSI both represent a specific hard disk interface, and their respective speeds are quite different.
integrated drive electronics
The English full name of IDE is "Integrated Drive Electronics", that is, "electronic integrated driver". Its original meaning refers to a hard disk drive that integrates "hard disk controller" and "disk body". Integrating the disk body with the controller reduces the number and length of cables in the hard disk interface, enhances the reliability of data transmission, and makes hard disk manufacturing easier, because hard disk manufacturers no longer need to worry about whether their hard disks are compatible with controllers produced by other manufacturers. For users, the hard disk is also easier to install. IDE, an interface technology, has been developing continuously since its birth, and its performance is also improving. Its low price and strong compatibility make other types of hard disks irreplaceable.
IDE stands for a type of hard disk, but in practical application, people are used to using IDE to refer to ATA- 1, which is the first IDE type hard disk. This type of interface has been eliminated with the development of interface technology, and later more types of hard disk interfaces have been developed, such as ATA, Ultra ATA, DMA, Ultra DMA and other interfaces belong to IDE hard disks.
Small computer system interface
SCSI is called "Small Computer System Interface" in English, which is completely different from IDE(ATA). IDE interface is the standard interface of ordinary PC, while SCSI is not specially designed for hard disk, but a high-speed data transmission technology widely used in small computers. SCSI interface has many advantages, such as wide application range, multi-task, large bandwidth, low CPU utilization and hot plug, but its high price makes it difficult to be as popular as ide hard disk, so SCSI hard disk is mainly used in high-end servers and high-end workstations.
Fibre channel
The English spelling of Fibre Channel is Fibre Channel. Like SCIS interface, Fibre Channel was not originally designed and developed for hard disks, but was specially designed for network systems. However, with the demand of storage system for speed, it is gradually applied to hard disk system. Fibre Channel hard disk is developed to improve the speed and flexibility of multi-hard disk storage system, and its appearance greatly improves the communication speed of multi-hard disk system. The main characteristics of Fibre Channel are: hot plug, high-speed bandwidth, remote connection and a large number of connected devices.
Fibre Channel is designed for multi-hard disk systems such as servers, which can meet the requirements of bidirectional and serial data communication among high-end workstations, servers, large-capacity storage subnets and peripherals through hubs, switches and point-to-point connections.
Sata (name)
Hard disk using SATA (serial ATA) port is also called serial hard disk, which is the trend of PC hard disk in the future. In 200 1 year, the serial ATA Committee composed of Intel, APT, Dell, IBM, Seagate and maxtor formally formulated the specification of serial ATA 1.0. In 2002, although the related equipment of serial ATA has not been officially listed, the serial ATA Committee has first formulated the specification of serial ATA 2.0. Serial ATA adopts serial connection mode, and serial ATA bus adopts embedded clock signal, which has stronger error correction ability. Compared with the past, its biggest difference is that it can check transmission instructions (not just data) and automatically correct errors when found, which greatly improves the reliability of data transmission. The serial interface also has the advantages of simple structure and hot plug support.
Serial hard disk is a new hard disk interface completely different from parallel ATA, which is famous for transmitting data in serial mode. Compared with parallel ATA, it has many advantages. First of all, serial ATA transmits data in a continuous serial mode, and only transmits 1 bit data at a time. This can reduce the number of pins of SATA interface, reduce the number of connecting cables and improve efficiency. In fact, serial ATA only needs four pins to complete all the work, which are used to connect cables, ground wires, send data and receive data. At the same time, this architecture can also reduce system energy consumption and system complexity. Secondly, serial ATA has a higher starting point and greater development potential. The data transmission rate defined by serial ata 1.0 can reach 150MB/s, which is higher than the highest data transmission rate 133MB/s achieved by the latest parallel ATA (that is, ATA/ 133), while in serial ATA 2.0,
SATAII interface
SATA II is developed on the basis of SATA. Its main feature is that the external transmission rate is further improved from SATA's 1.5 Gbps( 150 MB/ s) to 3 Gbps(300 MB/ s). In addition, it also includes NCQ (native command queuing), port multiplier and staggered startup. A simple 3Gbps external transmission rate is not a real SATA II.
The key technologies of SATA II are the external transmission rate of 3Gbps and NCQ technology. NCQ technology can optimize the instruction execution order of hard disk, and avoid mechanically moving the head to read and write different positions of hard disk according to the order of receiving instructions like traditional hard disk. On the contrary, it will sort after receiving the command, and the sorted heads will address in an efficient order, thus avoiding the loss caused by repeated movement of the heads and prolonging the life of the hard disk. In addition, not all SATA hard drives can use NCQ technology. In addition to the hard disk itself, the SATA controller of the motherboard chipset also needs to support NCQ. In addition, NCQ technology does not support FAT file system, but only supports NTFS file system.
Due to the chaotic market of SATA equipment, many SATA equipment providers abuse "SATA II" in marketing. For example, some hard disks named "SATA II" only support 3Gbps but not NCQ, while some hard disks only support NCQ at1.5Gbps. Therefore, SATA-IO (Serial ATA International Organization, formerly SATA Working Group) led by Seagate published the SATA 2.5 specification. It includes most functions of the original SATA II-from 3Gbps and NCQ to interleaving, hot swap, port multiplier and relatively new eSATA (external SATA, external SATA interface).
It is worth noting that some motherboards that use earlier South Bridge chips that only support 1.5Gbps (such as VIA VT8237 and NVIDIA nForce2 MCP-R/MCP-Gb) may not find hard disks or blue screens when using SATA II hard disks. However, most hard disk manufacturers have set speed selection jumpers on their hard disks to select the working mode of 1.5Gbps or 3Gbps (a few hard disk manufacturers have set them through corresponding tools and software). As long as the hard disk is set to 1.5Gbps, the SATA II hard disk can still be used normally on the old motherboard.
When setting RAID mode for SATA hard disk, it is generally necessary to install drivers provided by motherboard chipset manufacturers. However, in some versions of Windows XP with the latest patch installed, some older SATA RAID controllers can set up RAID without loading drivers.