On July 27th, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Hui, Peng Pai, Ye Ting, Nie and other leaders of Jiangxi Party organizations attended an important meeting, and a staff committee with Liu Bocheng as the chief of staff, Ye Ting and He Long as members and He Long and Ye Ting as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy was established.
At 2 am on August 1 Sunday, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, He Long, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng, etc. Command all the insurgents to attack the Kuomintang troops stationed in Nanchang. After more than four hours of fierce fighting, more than 3,000 people were annihilated, more than 5,000 guns, more than 10,000 rounds of bullets/kloc-0 and several cannons were seized, and Nanchang City was occupied. On the morning of the same day, a joint meeting of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang and representatives of various provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and overseas parties and departments was held in Nanchang, and the Central Declaration was adopted. The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, composed of 25 members including Soong Ching Ling, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting and Zhu De, was established, and the Declaration of the August 1st Uprising and other documents were adopted, proposing "Down with imperialism", "Down with old and new warlords" and "Tillers". At the same time, the uprising troops were reorganized, still using the designation of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with He Long as the commander-in-chief. Because the enemy attacked Nanchang with heavy troops, the Central Front Committee decided that according to the central plan, the uprising troops left Nanchang from August 3 to 6 and marched south, passing through Linchuan, Yihuang and Guangchang, and went straight to the Chaoshan area in Guangdong.
Uprising troops defeated the interception of reactionary Kuomintang troops in Ruijin, Huichang and other places in Jiangxi, then passed through Changting, Fujian, Shanghang and Tai Po, Guangdong, and occupied Chaozhou and Shantou in late September. The main force marched westward, passing Jieyang to Tangkeng. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, the westward troops and troops stationed in Chaoshan were besieged by superior enemy forces, and most of the uprising troops were scattered, and some broke through to Hailufeng to join the local farmers' armed forces; The other, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, moved to southern Hunan through southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong to carry out guerrilla warfare. 1928 1 With the cooperation of local party organizations and peasant armed forces in southern Hunan, the "Nianguan Uprising" was held in Yizhang. Because of the "co-suppression" by the superior enemy, the uprising troops and peasant armed forces withdrew from southern Hunan, and arrived in Jinggangshan in April of the same year to join forces with the troops led by Mao Zedong to form the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army, which was later renamed the Fourth Army of the Workers and Peasants Red Army.
1 July 933 1 1 day, on the basis of the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission on June 30th, the Chinese Soviet * * and the Provisional Central Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) decided August1day as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. 1On June 5th, 949, the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of China issued an order stipulating that the flag and emblem of the China People's Liberation Army should be marked with the word "August 1st". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this anniversary was renamed the Army Day of China People's Liberation Army.
August 1st Nanchang Uprising and August 1st Army Day
Enemy Committee before the uprising
Minister Zhou Enlai.
Uprising staff Committee
Head Liu Bocheng.
1 927 In the early morning of August1,a gunshot pierced the quiet night sky of Nanchang City. Zhou Enlai is the secretary of the Central Committee of Former Enemies, including He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng. Led the Northern Expeditionary Army under the control or influence of the Party to hold an uprising in Nanchang. After several hours of fierce fighting, they destroyed the enemy and occupied Nanchang city.
As Mao Zedong said later, China's * * * production party and revolutionary people were "driven to revolt" by the Kuomintang reactionaries.
He Long: Commander-in-Chief of the Uprising, then commander of the 20th Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
1927 During April and July, Chiang Kai-shek Group and Wang Ching-wei Group in the Kuomintang of China, in collusion with imperialism and the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie, launched counter-revolutionary coups in Shanghai and Wuhan, brutally massacring * * * producers and revolutionary masses, and failed the great anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution of the people of China since 1924.
The lesson of blood is eye-catching. It shows that armed counter-revolution cannot be dealt with without revolutionary armed forces. Without the people's army, there would be nothing for the people.
In order to resist the massacre policy of the Kuomintang reactionaries and save the China Revolution, the Central Committee was reorganized on July 12, 2002, and the right capitulationist leadership of General Secretary of the Central Committee Chen Duxiu was stopped. Later, he decided to assemble a part of the National Revolutionary Army that he mastered and influenced, join the Second Front Army with Zhang Fakui as the commander in chief, go south to Guangdong to join local revolutionary forces, carry out agrarian revolution, restore revolutionary base areas, and then hold a new Northern Expedition. Li, Deng Zhongxia, Tan Pingshan, Hui, Nie and Ye Ting. Organized the operation in Jiujiang, only to find that Zhang Fakui was in close collusion with Wang Jingwei, and began to persecute * * * producers in the Second Army. He immediately suggested to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that he should rely on the troops under his control and influence to "riot in Nanchang". Accordingly, Li, Hui and Peng Pai were appointed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China as secretaries to lead the uprising in Nanchang.
Nanchang Uprising Command Post-Former Site of Jiangxi Hotel
The troops scheduled to take part in the uprising are: the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army 1 1 24th Division, 60th Division, the whole of the 20th Army, the 73rd and 75th Regiments of the 25th Division of the Fourth Army, the Education Regiment of the Third Army Officers of the Fifth Army headed by Zhu De and the security team of Nanchang Public Security Bureau, with a total of more than 20,000 people. From July 25th, the 1 1 and 20th armies were respectively commanded by Ye Ting and He Long, and successively concentrated in Nanchang from Jiujiang and Tujiabu (now Yongxiu). 27, Zhou Enlai and others arrived in Nanchang. On the same day, the former enemy Committee was formally established in the Jiangxi Hotel in the city, and the leaders stepped up preparations for the uprising.
On the morning of 30th, Zhang came to Nanchang on behalf of the Central Committee, and the Central Committee immediately held an emergency meeting. Zhang insisted that, according to the directive spirit of * * * Production International, we should strive for Zhang Fakui's participation, otherwise we can't hold riots. Most comrades, such as Zhang, think that "objectively, our party should be in a leading position and can no longer rely on Zhang". The next day, the Central Front Committee met again to debate. Finally, Zhang said that he obeyed the opinions of the majority.
At this time, the third army of the Fifth Army (Commander-in-Chief Zhu Peide) of the Kuomintang Wuhan Government was stationed in Zhangshu, Ji 'an and Wan 'an, the ninth army was stationed in Jinxian and Linchuan, and the sixth army marched in Pingxiang to Nanchang. The remaining troops of the Second Army are located in Jiujiang area; Only the Fifth Army Guard Corps and the Third, Sixth and Ninth Army are stationed in Nanchang and its suburbs, each with more than 3,000 people. The Central Front Committee decided to hold an uprising on August 1 day before reinforcements arrived.
1927 In late July, the former enemy committee with Zhou Enlai as its secretary was established to lead the Nanchang armed uprising. This is where Zhou Enlai worked at that time. & gt& gt
/kloc-0 At 2 o'clock on August, Nanchang Uprising began. According to the operational plan of the Central Front Committee, the 20th Army launched an attack on the defenders in the old Fantai Yamen, Dashiyuan Street and Niuhang Station. 1 1 The 24th Division of the Army launched an attack on the defenders of the Catholic Church in Baisong Lane, the new barracks and Baihuazhou. By dawn, more than 3,000 defenders were wiped out, and more than 5,000 guns (equivalent), more than 700,000 bullets and several cannons were seized. On the afternoon of the same day, the 73rd Regiment, the 3rd Battalion and the 74th Regiment of the 25th Division all revolted under the leadership of Nie and Zhou Shidi, and arrived in Nanchang for concentration the next day. The uprising finally succeeded!
After the success of the Nanchang Uprising, the Central Front Committee issued the Central Manifesto of the Kuomintang Left according to the spirit of the central instructions, that is, the uprising still called for revolution in the name of the Kuomintang Left, exposed the crimes of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei betraying the revolution, and expressed their determination to support Sun Yat-sen's "three major policies" and continue to oppose imperialism and feudal warlords. On the morning of August 1, a joint meeting was held attended by members of the Kuomintang Central Committee and representatives of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and overseas party departments, and the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang of China was established, and Deng, Soong Ching Ling, He Xiangning, Tan Pingshan, Wu, He Long, Lin Zuhan (Lin), Ye Ting, Zhang, Li, Yun, Xu Teli and Peng were elected. Revolutionary Committee appointed Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng and other staff committees as military command organs, Liu Bocheng as chief of staff, and Guo Moruo as director of the General Political Department. It was decided that the insurgents would still use the designation of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with He Long as the commander-in-chief and Ye Ting as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy. It is affiliated to 1 1 Army (with divisions 24, 25 and 10), with Ye Ting as the commander and Nie as the party representative; 20 th Army (under the jurisdiction of 1 2 Division), with He Long as the commander and Liao Ganwu as the party representative; The 9th Army (without combat troops), with Zhu De as the deputy commander and Zhu as the party representative. The army * * * more than 20000 people.
Relief of "August 1st" Nanchang Uprising on the Monument to People's Heroes
On August 2nd, tens of thousands of people from all walks of life gathered in Nanchang to celebrate the great victory of Nanchang Uprising and the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee. After the meeting, young people from all walks of life enthusiastically joined the army, and only a few hundred students signed up.
After the Nanchang Uprising, Wang Jingwei urged Zhang Fakui and Zhu Peide to attack Nanchang. According to the original plan of the Central Committee, the Central Committee decided to lead the rebels into Guangdong, and planned to organize the Northern Expedition again based on Guangdong.
From August 3 to 6, the insurgents withdrew from Nanchang in batches and went south along the Fuhe River. When the insurgents entered Jinxian County, Cai Tingkai, the division commander of 10, fired party member, who worked in the division, and led his troops to the northeast of Jiangxi, leaving the insurgents behind. Because the insurgents hastily withdrew from Nanchang, the troops were not reorganized, and they were on an expedition in the heat, with more troops. When they arrived in Linchuan on the 7th, the total strength was about 1.3 million.
Oil painting Nanchang uprising
In late August, in Ruijin and Huichang areas, the rebels broke through the blockade of Kuomintang troops and Huang, annihilated 6,000 enemy troops and seized more than 2,500 guns. The rebels suffered nearly 2000 casualties.
After the war in Huichang, the insurgents turned back to Ruijin one after another, diverted eastward, passed through Changting and Shanghang in Fujian, and went south along Tingjiang and Hanjiang rivers. On September 22nd, the 25th Division of 1 1 Army occupied Sanheba, Dabu County, Guangdong Province, and its main force continued southward. On the 23rd, it occupied Chaoan (now Chaozhou) and Shantou. During this period, Li, commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army of the Kuomintang Army stationed in Guangdong, ordered the remnants to contain the 25th Division, so that the Yellow Division was attacked by Fengshun, and the East Route Army composed of Chen and three divisions10.5 million people, from Heyuan to the east, to find the main force of the rebel army for a decisive battle.
Nanchang Uprising Memorial Tower
On this basis, the Central Front Committee decided that the newly formed 3rd Division of the 20th Army would be stationed in Chaoshan area with the Revolutionary Committee, and more than 6,500 people would be concentrated to meet the eastward enemies. At the end of September, the main force of the rebel army fought fiercely with the Kuomintang East Road Army in Baishi, Jieyang County and Liusha, Puning County, and most of them broke up at the beginning of 10. The leaders of the Revolutionary Committee and the rebel army were dispersed and transferred, and the rest 1300 people entered the Hailufeng area to join the revolutionary struggle in the area. The 25th Division, which withdrew from Sanheba, joined the 3rd Division, which broke through Chaoshan and Shantou, in Raoping. Under the leadership of Zhu De and Chen Yi, he moved to the border of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan. Finally, about 800 insurgents were rescued and took part in the southern Hunan uprising. 1April, 928, arrived at Jinggangshan revolutionary base and joined the uprising troops on the Hunan-Jiangxi border led by Mao Zedong.
He Long, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Ye Ting and Liu Bocheng, the main leaders of the Nanchang Uprising, collectively carved.
Nanchang uprising troops suffered great losses, but this uprising is of great historical significance. The first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries was fired, marking the beginning of the independent establishment of the revolutionary army and the leadership of the revolutionary war by the China * * * production party. It is like a spring thunder, which makes the people of China see the torch held high in the dark and points out the direction for the China revolution.
1 July 933 1 1 day, on the basis of the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission on June 30th, the Chinese Soviet * * and the Provisional Central Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) decided August1day as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. 1On June 5th, 949, the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of China issued an order stipulating that the flag and emblem of the China People's Liberation Army should be marked with the word "August 1st". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this anniversary was renamed the Army Day of China People's Liberation Army. Determination of "August 1st Army Day"
According to statistics, among the 10 people who were awarded the rank of Marshal in 1955, 7 people directly or indirectly participated in the Nanchang Uprising: Zhu De, He Long, Liu Bocheng, Nie, Chen Yi, Lin Biao and Ye Jianying.
Nian Nujiao commemorates August 1st Army Day.
Nanchang uprising, watching a single spark,
Ignite the well.
Create a new kind of annihilation guerrilla warfare,
Sun Tzu's Art of War adds another magic pen.
Drink snow and eat wind, cut thorns,
The mountains are flat.
The red star shines on China,
Know the wilderness like the back of your hand, jasper.
Wake up the black dragon,
Smoke, lightning.
Keywords eight-year bloody battle, gypsum powder,
Eventually vomiting and accumulation of chest tightness and shortness of breath.
Immediately cross the knife, aid Korea and resist the United States,
Truman cried.
The rise of China,
The seabed in space is optional.
Note: Red Star over China was written by American writer Si Nuo after he visited Yan 'an at the beginning of China Revolution. For the first time, the heroic deeds of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army led by the * * * Production Party and the actual situation of the China Revolution were comprehensively introduced to the world.
★ Celebrate August 1st Army Day
The green sword left the air,
Cangge stabbed,
The western world is full of dark clouds.
August 1st flag,
The autumn harvest rioted the peasants.
Big countries look at Oriental White,
Kuang ren,
Wan Li worked hard.
Look at today,
China of science and technology,
Make meritorious service again.
Feng Boyang,
Revenge for your family,
Ethnic hatred is particularly deep.
This area is arrogant,
Waiting for an opportunity to provoke a dispute.
Bells resounded through the mountains,
Soldiers,
Take him alive alone.
Play strong notes,
Drums in the East China Sea,
Sun, moon and piano.