For example, the slogan (Comprehensive Volume of Guangdong Literature in 2006) is usually a high generalization of some political ideas. The options that conform to the chronological order put forward by these slogans are: ① helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries; ② Learn from foreigners and control them; ③ Settle in a foreign country first; (4) external struggle for power and profit, punish the traitor at home.
A.①②④③ B.①②③④ C.②①④③ D.②①③④
Example analysis: according to the sequence of the above events, you can choose the correct answer C. When solving this kind of problems, if you can't remember the time when an event happened, you can also find out the earliest and latest options by judging from the beginning to the end, so that you can eliminate the wrong questions and choose the correct answer.
Example 1. The following historical facts about the Sui and Tang Dynasties, in the order of their appearance, are correct (
)
Li Chun designed and built the Zhao Zhouqiao, gunpowder began to be used in the army, martial arts and court examinations were initiated, and Tang Materia Medica was edited.
A.①④③②
B.③①②④
C.④②①③
D.②①③④
Example 2. The following historical facts about Sino-Japanese relations, in the order of their appearance, are correct (
)
(1) basically eliminated the pirates along the southeast coast (2) "Slave countries paid tribute to the country ... Guangwu sealed it" (3) Japanese Prime Minister tanaka kakuei visited China (4) the Japanese army carried out a massacre in Lushun (5) the Japanese army launched the battle of Yuxianggui.
A.②③①④⑤
B.①③⑤②④
C.④⑤③①②
D.②①④⑤③
Example 3. The following historical facts about the Second World War are arranged in the order of their appearance, which is correct (
)
(1) the battle of Moscow began; (2) The outbreak of the Pacific War; (3) signing the United Nations declaration; (4) opening up the second battlefield in Europe; (5) Germany formally signed an unconditional surrender.
A.①③⑤②④
B.①②③④⑤
C.④③①②⑤
D.③④⑤②①
The most traditional and common solution to this kind of test questions is to write down the time when the major events of historical facts occur, and then make a judgment. Its characteristic is steady but time-consuming, which seriously affects the speed of solving problems and is not worth taking. There are three most effective solutions, namely "start judgment", "end judgment" and "start and end judgment". This method is characterized by fast problem solving, high efficiency and accurate answer. such as
Example 1 reference answer A. The conventional solution is to write down the dynasty or emperor where the great event happened before making a judgment. For example, ①, ②, ③ and ④ appeared in the Sui Dynasty, the Late Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian and Tang Gaozong years respectively, so the order of their arrangement is 143②. However, the best solution to this problem is the "initial judgment method". As long as the judgment ① appears at the earliest time, the other three answers can be ruled out and the correct answer can be obtained soon.
The conventional practice is to write down the time of major events related to Sino-Japanese relations, such as ① the late Ming Dynasty (i.e. 1565), ② the period of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ③ 1972, ④ the Liaodong Campaign of the Sino-Japanese War, and ⑤ the later period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (i.e. 1942), so the order is 2/kloc-0. But the best solution to this problem is the "final judgment method". As long as the last major event is found, for example, among the five major events, ③ is the last major event, and only one answer D among the four options meets, the correct answer will be obtained, and the other three answers will not be considered.
Example 3 refers to answer B. The conventional solution is to write down the time when the five major events of World War II occurred, namely 1234⑤+094 10 year 10 month,194/kloc-0 year/0 February,/kloc. Therefore, the correct sequence is 1234⑤. However, the best way to solve this problem is the "head-to-tail judgment method". As long as the earliest and last two major events are found, such as ① the earliest and ⑤ the last, only one answer B meets this condition, and the rest can be excluded.
I. Selection of filling type
Filled multiple-choice questions are different from most fully declarative multiple-choice questions, and their sentence patterns are incomplete in expression. Because the answer direction is not clear, it brings difficulty to the examination, and at the same time increases the possibility that similar and confusing knowledge points in the examination scope and alternative schemes form interference items.
The victory of the October Revolution had a great influence on the advanced intellectuals in colonial and semi-colonial countries and China.
A found a new revolutionary road to transform China.
B puts forward the view that only democracy and science can make China rich and strong.
Put forward a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program.
Recognizing that the United front is the magic weapon for the victory of China's revolution.
Example analysis: this question can be solved by direct selection method, and the answer can be preliminarily judged as A, and then verified by exclusion method, excluding B, C and D, so as to select the correct answer. When answering such questions, we must carefully examine the meaning of the questions (time, place, people, events, answers, qualifiers). Candidates must have a comprehensive understanding of historical events or historical concepts in the questions, and combine other knowledge points involved in the options to exclude the options that obviously do not meet the meaning of the questions one by one.
Second, sorting selection
Sorting selection is a less difficult question type in the college entrance examination, which requires the contents listed in the stem (time order, spatial orientation and primary and secondary size, etc.) Rearrange according to the need of the meaning of the question. Its purpose is to test candidates' mastery of concepts such as time and space and history.
For example, the slogan (Comprehensive Volume of Guangdong Literature in 2006) is usually a high generalization of some political ideas. The options that conform to the chronological order put forward by these slogans are: ① helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries; ② Learn from foreigners and control them; ③ Settle in a foreign country first; (4) external struggle for power and profit, punish the traitor at home.
A.①②④③ B.①②③④ C.②①④③ D.②①③④
Example analysis: according to the sequence of the above events, you can choose the correct answer C. When solving this kind of problems, if you can't remember the time when an event happened, you can also find out the earliest and latest options by judging from the beginning to the end, so that you can eliminate the wrong questions and choose the correct answer.
Third, combination selection
In fact, the multiple-choice question is a variant of the multiple-choice question in earlier years. It is a problem that students lose more points because of their large capacity and wide range. This kind of questions generally consists of three or more groups of historical events or phenomena, which are answered and numbered by numbers. These alternatives composed of different numbers are all decomposed and combined according to a certain relationship (similar events or phenomena).
Example: (Chongqing Literature Comprehensive Volume in 2006) The following institutions are responsible for management and supervision: ① Tangxia Province; ② Yushitai in Yuan Dynasty; (3) Procurator's Department in Ming Dynasty; ④ The King's Club in Qing Dynasty.
A.①③ B.②④ C.②③ D.③④
Example analysis: the problem can be solved by exclusion method. In this question, the province under the Tang Dynasty is responsible for reviewing government decrees, and the option including ① can be excluded; From the early Qing Dynasty, the Council of Ministers was retained, the imperial power was weakened, and the option with ④ was excluded, and the correct answer C was obtained. From the arrangement and combination characteristics of the selected items, we can also know that two of them are wrong, and none of them is for management and supervision, and the answer can be obtained after elimination. When solving this kind of problem, we can determine one or two options that don't meet the meaning of the question, exclude the combinations containing these options, and get the correct answer, which can improve the accuracy and speed of answering questions.
Fourth, material selection
Multiple-choice questions of materials are the difficulties in students' exams and the "makeover" of the mini-version of the material analysis questions. Its characteristic is to introduce new materials (words, charts) into the stem, create new problem scenarios, and then design alternatives. Generally speaking, the form of the topic is the material, and the alternative is the judgment and explanation of the material, which requires candidates to have the ability to obtain and interpret effective information from the material to the maximum extent, the ability to analyze and summarize and the ability to transfer knowledge.
For example, the minutes of the 299th meeting of Tianjin Provisional Government Committee (Guangdong History Volume in 2006) show that the following funds paid by the Committee to the Public Works Bureau were used to fulfill this treaty. This treaty is
Demolition of Shanhaiguan Fort 1 10,000 yuan
Demolition of Dagu South Fort 1000 Yuan
The demolition of Dagu North Fort is 3000 yuan. ...
A. The treaty of nanking and the Tianjin Treaty
C. treaty of shimonoseki Xin Chou Treaty
Example analysis: When solving the chart questions in the material questions, we should pay full attention to the time range and data change law of the chart, and exclude the options that are inconsistent with the chart. This question uses new materials to design new questions, and once again examines students' cognitive ability to knowledge. Demolition of the fortress from Beijing to Dagukou is obviously one of the contents of the Xin Chou Treaty. So the answer is D. The basis of solving such problems is to read the materials carefully and examine the requirements of the questions; Secondly, carefully analyze the materials, extract effective information, analyze the options by combining the contents of the teaching materials and the basic theory of history, and eliminate the options that are obviously inconsistent with the materials, or the options that are correct but not reflected in the materials.
V. Causal choice
Causality multiple-choice questions focus on students' ability to describe and explain causality in historical events or historical phenomena, as well as their ability to mobilize and apply knowledge. Usually it has two forms: one is to infer the cause from the result, and its structure is: the stem is the result, and the alternative is the cause. The symbolic words appearing in its stem include "main reason", "fundamental reason", "direct reason", "main purpose" and "fundamental purpose". The other form is to infer the result or influence by reason, and its structure is that the topic is the cause and the alternative is the result. The iconic words that often appear in test questions are "influence" and "result".
Example: (Guangdong History Volume, 2006) 19 14- 1920 The export volume of industrial products such as vegetable oil and flour produced in China increased greatly, but the import volume decreased greatly in the same period. The main factors leading to this phenomenon are
A. May 4th Movement B. China People's Movement to Suppress Japanese Goods
C. World War I D. The strike struggle of the working class in China
Example analysis: The key to answering this question is to examine the meaning of the question, and then consider it in the background of the emergence and development of capitalism in China and the social background at that time, instead of mechanically copying the principles of internal and external causes, it is necessary to analyze specific problems. China's capitalism was born under the double oppression of internal and external, and the degree of invasion and control of China by western powers directly affected the development of private enterprises in China. During World War I, because the foreign powers were busy with the war and temporarily relaxed their aggression against China, China's national capitalism gained the opportunity of rapid development. Therefore, the correct answer is C. When solving this kind of problems, we must first accurately distinguish the meanings of related concepts, and then accurately grasp the logical relationship (causal relationship) between the stem and the alternatives.
Sixth, negative choice.
Negative multiple-choice questions, also known as reverse multiple-choice questions, require candidates to choose options that do not conform to historical facts and historical logic. Its characteristic is that the stem of the question adopts negative hints or restrictions, and is marked with words such as "no", "not including", "wrong" and "irrelevant".
After World War II, the development of West Asian countries has its regional characteristics. The following statement is inconsistent with the historical development of West Asia:
A. improve the agricultural environment and realize food self-sufficiency.
B. Some countries have stepped into the ranks of rich countries in the world.
C. the economic development models of oil-producing countries are getting closer and closer.
D. Propose the establishment of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to fight against western monopoly capital
Example analysis: The best way to do this kind of questions is to combine the exclusion method with the direct election method, that is, according to one's own knowledge and understanding of historical facts, to exclude items that do not conform to historical facts and historical logic, or to determine items that conform to the meaning of the questions. B, C and D in this question conform to the historical development of West Asia, so they do not conform to the meaning of the question; However, due to the limitation of natural conditions, it is wrong to say that West Asia has "achieved food self-sufficiency", so the correct answer is A.
Seven, comparative choice
Comparative multiple-choice question is to put more than two historical events or phenomena together, so that candidates can summarize their similarities or differences through analysis and comparison, so as to test their analytical and comparative ability. In the form of examination questions, there are two kinds: analogy and contrast. The former compares events, figures and viewpoints of the same nature, mainly examining their similarities, such as comparing the similarities of ancient reforms in China; The latter is to compare the performance of different events, historical phenomena or the same historical phenomenon in different historical stages and different spaces, and mainly to investigate the differences in nature and influence of these historical events. The common hints in the stem of the question are "similarity" (* * * similarity, similarity) and "difference". Learning history teaching
Example: (Chongqing Volume 2006) What are the similarities between the fundamental goals of the bourgeois revolutionaries and reformists in China?
A. Overthrow feudal autocratic rule B. Open the way for the development of capitalism
C. The regime is controlled by the bourgeoisie D. Oppose imperialist aggression
Example analysis: to solve this problem, item D can be excluded first, because the anti-imperialist requirements of reformists and revolutionaries are not clear; Items A and C have nothing to do with reformists, and should be excluded, so the answer is B. The key to solving this kind of problem is to examine the comparison points and requirements of the topic, pay attention to analyzing the alternatives one by one in combination with the textbook, and then choose the correct answer.
Eight, the concept choice
The concept multiple-choice question mainly examines the examinee's accurate understanding and grasp of the historical concept, that is, put forward a basic concept in the stem of the question, and then let the examinee choose the correct explanation or explanation of this concept from an option. The iconic words that often appear in its stems are "accurate understanding of yes" and "correct meaning of yes".
Example: (Jiangsu History Volume 2006) The following statement about four great inventions of ancient china is correct.
A. Cai Lun improved papermaking in the Western Han Dynasty.
B. There were books printed with movable type in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
In the Tang Dynasty, the tubular firearm "musket" was invented.
Compasses were widely used in navigation and transportation in the Song Dynasty.
Case study: In this problem, it was Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty who improved papermaking. The printing technology in Sui and Tang Dynasties belongs to block printing. The tubular firearm "flash gun" was invented in the Southern Song Dynasty. A, B and C are all incorrect, so the correct answer is D. The concept of history is an abstract summary of historical facts. When solving such problems, we should be good at grasping the essential attributes of historical concepts and pay special attention to some implied restrictive words.