Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination at the age of 19; For four years (1256), Li Zongbao went to Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) to study. In the same year, he chose Gong in Jizhou and went with his father to Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, to take the exam. In the imperial examination, he formulated the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. Song Lizong was the first in the pro-election, and Wang Yinglin, the examiner, said, "He is like a turtle mirror, loyal to his liver as a stone, and dares to congratulate others." But four days later, his father died, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years.

In the year of Kai Qing Yuan (1259), Mongolian troops attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and eunuch Dong advocated moving the capital. He demanded that Dong be beheaded, but his suggestion of defending against the enemy was not adopted. After that, he successively went to the middle school and served as the provincial judge of Ningshui Division, the Langguan of the Ministry of Punishment, the Langguan of Jiangxi, the Langguan of Shangshu, the Lingguan of Hunan and the first-class of Ganzhou.

In the first year of Song Gongdi Deyou (1275), Yuan soldiers crossed the river, Wen Tianxiang exhausted all his possessions, recruited talents, rose up, worked hard for the king, and organized 30,000 insurgents, with the idea that "justice is in me, and everything can be achieved; The slogan "Many people can succeed" was used against the RMB. But in the end, because of isolation and helplessness, the struggle failed, and finally only six people were left. The following year, he became the right prime minister and went to Yuan Ying for negotiations, hoping to spy on Mongolian military intelligence through negotiations. During the negotiation, Wen Tianxiang argued and denounced Bo Yan, but at the same time, the Southern Song Dynasty court sent someone to Wen Tianxiang military camp and announced the dissolution of Wen Tianxiang's army. Bo Yan learned that Wen Tianxiang's army had been disbanded, so he ordered him to be arrested and escorted to the north. When Wen Tianxiang was sent to Zhenjiang, he had to be rescued by local volunteers. Later, he tried to recover and moved to the southeast. At this time, the court of the Southern Song Dynasty had surrendered, Emperor Gong was taken to Yuan Dadu, and Lu Xiufu and other seven sons, Song Duanzong, acceded to the throne in Fuzhou. Wen Tianxiang was called to Fuzhou as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and concurrently served as commander-in-chief of various military forces. He set up a governor's office in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province) and sent people to various places to raise troops and pay for it to continue the Yuan War. In autumn, the Yuan army invaded Fujian, and Duanzong was forced to flee to the sea and drift in Guangdong by boat.

Wen Tianxiang disagreed with Zhang Shijie and Chen, the courtiers at that time, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty and started a new stove in Nanjian House (now Nanping, Fujian), where he served as the viceroy and commanded Kang Yuan. 1277, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Longyan and Meizhou and invaded Jiangxi. In Du Yu (now in the south of Jiangxi), the Yuan army was defeated, and the country was captured and rejuvenated, and ten counties in Ganzhou and four counties in Jizhou were recovered, which was inspiring and the anti-Yuan situation improved. However, the good times did not last long. The main force of the Yuan Army attacked Wen Tianxiang and prospered the state-run, while Wen Tianxiang was outnumbered. He led the army to withdraw from the north and retreated to Luling and Hezhou (now Changting, Fujian), which suffered heavy losses. His wife and children were also taken away by the Yuan Army.

In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that the Southern Song Dynasty was moving its capital to Yashan. In order to get rid of the predicament, he asked to lead an army to meet the Southern Song Dynasty. Because of Zhang Shijie's resolute opposition, the plan failed, and Wen Tianxiang led the army to retreat to Chaoyang County. In August of that year, the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court named Wen Tianxiang as a loyal leader and a young protector. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan army launched a massive attack, and Wen Tianxiang fled again. Legend has it that when Wen Tianxiang was almost arrested by the Yuan Army, three mountains suddenly appeared to cover Mongolian soldiers and Wen Tianxiang's escape. Later generations dedicated the three mountain gods to the "Three Mountain King Temple" to protect loyalty and righteousness; Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Zhang Hongfan, the general of the Yuan army, on his way to Haifeng, and Wen Tianxiang army was attacked by the Yuan army when cooking in Wupoling (Haifeng North, Guangdong), and suffered a heavy defeat. Wen Tianxiang tried to commit suicide by swallowing the borneol he was carrying, but he was unconscious. In a coma, Wen Tianxiang was captured. Zhang Hongfan asked Wen Tianxiang to write a letter to persuade Zhang Shijie to surrender, but it was a book, Poems of Crossing Zero and Ding Yang: "When hard work comes, there are fewer stars around. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and shine. " Hongfan laughed it off, and soon sent a special envoy to escort him to Dadu, where he went on a hunger strike for eight days without dying. He was detained in Fu Xue Hutong for four years. In the second year of Emperor Ji Sheng (1279), after the demise of the Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang still stuck to his original heart and said in a letter to his sister, "It is sad to receive a letter from Miss Liu. Who has no wife, children, flesh and blood? But now, it is a kind of life to die without hesitation. what can I do? What a pity! ..... can make Liu Nv and Huan Nv become good people, but dad can't. Tears choked and choked. " In prison, he wrote the third volume of the Guide and the Song of Justice.

Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan loved talents, and successively sent Heima, the administrative officer of Pingzhang, and Boluo, the prime minister, to surrender. In Yuan Dynasty 19 (1283 65438+10.8)12.8, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and surrendered himself. Wen Tianxiang was unyielding and replied, "Nothing can be done except death." The Yuan Dynasty invited the ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty who had lost their Yuan Dynasty to surrender, but they were lambasted by Wen Tianxiang. The Yuan Dynasty sent captive Song Gongdi to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang ignored him. The next day, he was taken to the execution ground (Chai Shikou, now Jiaokou, Dongcheng District, Beijing). Wen Tianxiang bowed his head and passed away calmly at the age of 47. Shortly after the execution, "Russia has an imperial edict to stop it", but Wen Tianxiang is dead. Kublai Khan said regretfully, "Good man, it's a pity to really kill him!" " When Wen Tianxiang's wife Ouyang Shi collected the body, she found a perfect pen in her belt: "Confucius said benevolent government, and Meng said righteousness;" Only its righteousness is exhausted, so the benevolent is also. What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Every now and then, I have no conscience! "

Wen Tianxiang has written many works, among which "Crossing Ding Yang" and "Song Zhengqi" written in prison are the best known and received rave reviews. Among them, the former's "who never dies in life since ancient times, keep a fresh heart to shine on history" is the eternal farewell. The inkstone he used before his death is still preserved today.