The earliest record of Chechens was before the beginning of the 7th century. The word "Chechnya" originated from the village name of "Greater Chechnya" on the argon River and gradually became the national name of Chechen people. Chechens call themselves "Nakacho people", which means "ordinary people". Chechens were invaded by Mongols and Tatars in the13rd century, and were ravaged by Timur imperial troops in Central Asia at the end of14th century. It was not until 15 to 16 that the Golden Horde disintegrated that Chechen talents began to migrate from mountains to plains. From 16 to 19 century, Islam began to be introduced into Chechnya. 17 to 18 at the turn of the century, Chechnya began to be the object of contention among the three empires of Persia, Osman and Russia. Since then, Chechnya has experienced a bloody and cruel war for more than two centuries.
19th century, after nearly half a century of Caucasus war, Russia incorporated Chechnya into the empire territory in 1895. Chechnya Autonomous Prefecture was founded in June 1922+0 1. 1In June 1934, Chechnya merged with its western neighbor Ingushetia, and in February 1936, 1936, it was changed to the Chechen-Ingushetia Autonomous Republic. During World War II, the Soviet government forced many Chechens to move out of their homes on the grounds that Chechens cooperated with German aggressors. At that time, more than 387,000 Chechens were deported to Central Asia and Siberia. It was not until 1957 1.9 that supreme soviet of the ussr decided to restore the organizational system of the Chechen-Ingushetia Autonomous Republic and put it under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.
The Chechen issue has always been a big problem that puzzles Russia. The contradiction between Russia and Chechen nationality can be traced back to the Tsar's invasion of Chechnya in the first half of the18th century, but the real contradiction intensified before and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Due to historical problems and the intervention of external forces, ethnic separatist forces in Chechnya have expanded viciously. 1991September, Major General of the Soviet Air Force and Chechen dudayev overthrew the local Soviet regime by force. On June+10, 5438, presidential and parliamentary elections were held in Chechnya, and dudayev was elected president. 165438+ 10, that is, on the eve of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, dudayev ordered the establishment of the Chechen Republic as a "sovereign state" and soon established the Chechen National Guard. Since then, Chechnya has neither signed the Russian Federation Treaty of 1992 nor participated in the Russian parliamentary election of 1993, and has gone further and further on the road of "independence".
In order to quell the increasingly rampant separatist forces in Chechnya and safeguard the territorial integrity of the country, the Russian authorities dispatched 60,000 troops in February to crack down on illegal Chechen armed forces. For various reasons,1August 3, 1996165438, the government of the Russian Federation reached an agreement with Ewat, an illegal Chechen armed force in Russia, stipulating that Chechnya's status would be put on hold for five years. The 20-month-long war in Chechnya ended with a "Hathaway-Ewart Agreement", and all the federal troops withdrew from Chechnya 1.997+0.5438 in June.
1997 1 In June, Chechnya held a presidential election and maskhadov was elected. In May of the same year, the Russian Federation and Chechnya signed a treaty on principles of peace and mutual relations. However, maskhadov still insists that Chechnya is an "independent country", not only refusing to implement the peace agreement, but also stepping up separatist activities. What is particularly disturbing to the Russian authorities is that in Chechnya under the leadership of maskhadov, ultra-nationalist forces not only stepped up separatist activities in Chechnya, but also attacked neighboring Dagestan in an attempt to establish a "theocratic state" with an autonomous republic. Thus,1August, 1999, the Russian authorities sent 654.38+million troops and started the second Chechen war.
After the Russian government declared maskhadov as the illegal president of Chechnya in June 5438 +2000 10, he hid in the southern mountainous area of Chechnya and became one of the three leaders of Chechen illegal armed forces, organizing and leading Chechen illegal armed forces to confront the Russian army. After aerial bombing and ground encirclement and suppression by Russian government forces, a large number of illegal Chechen armed forces were eliminated. However, the remaining illegal armed forces in Chechnya are fragmented, and guerrilla tactics are adopted inside and outside Chechnya, constantly creating terrorist incidents in various parts of Russia. Especially in recent years, illegal militants in Chechnya have been rampant, taking hostages and blowing up passenger planes, causing a large number of casualties.
On June 23, 2002, dozens of Chechen militants held more than 800 spectators and cast members hostage in Moscow's Du Brovka Theatre. Three days later, Russian special forces successfully rescued most of the hostages after releasing hypnotic gas into the war zone, but 130 hostages were still killed. Russian troops immediately launched a large-scale clean-up operation in Chechnya. On September 1 2004, maskhadov and basaev, another leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, planned and created the hostage-taking incident in the Russian No.1 school in North Ossetia and Beslan, which shocked the world. The Russian authorities then offered a reward of about100,000 US dollars for their capture.
Killed Chechen President Kadyrov of the Russian Federation
According to the development of the situation, Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed that the constitutional process in Chechnya must be accelerated. On June 65438+February1KLOC-0/day, 2002, the Chechen People's Congress was held to discuss the new Chechen Constitution and the draft electoral law. The next day, Putin issued a presidential decree on the referendum in Chechnya. On March 23, 2003, Chechnya held its first referendum on whether to approve the new draft constitution of the Republic, the draft presidential election law and the draft parliamentary election law. The new Constitution of Chechnya adopted by referendum stipulates that Chechnya is an inalienable part of the territory of the Russian Federation. This legally determines the status of Chechnya as the main body of the Russian Federation, thus ensuring the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. In June 5438 +20031October 5, a national election was held, and Chechen Chief Executive Kadyrov was elected President of Chechnya of the Russian Federation for a term of four years. This is the first Chechen president elected according to the new electoral law.
On May 9, 2004, Chechen illegal armed forces made another terrorist explosion at the Victory Day celebration in Grozny, killing Chechen President Ahmad Kadyrov and commander of the Russian-Caucasus joint cluster Bararov. /kloc-in September, 2000, maskhadov and basaev, another leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, planned and created the hostage-taking incident in the No.1 school in North Ossetia and Beslan, which shocked the world. The Russian authorities then offered a reward of about100,000 US dollars for their capture.
On March 8, 2005, maskhadov, the leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, was killed in northern Chechnya. On June 7th, 2006, Sadullayev, an important leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, was killed by Chechen police. In July of the same year 10, basaev, the leader of Chechen illegal armed forces, was killed by Russian military police in Ingushetia, Russia.