The names of ancient dynasties in China have their unique sources and political symbols. The establishment of the titles of Wei, Han (Shu) and Wu in the Three Kingdoms period is typical. What does this have to do with the familiar history of the Three Kingdoms? Let's take a look at rotten Ke Ren Jun! 1. From the Han Dynasty to the "Shu-Han Dynasty", at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the land of China competed for supremacy. Or meet each other, or cheat each other, and after a round of integration, only Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan are left alone. In 220 AD, Cao Pi, the eldest son of Cao Cao, usurped the throne of Han Dynasty and established Wei. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei said in Shu that he continued the Han orthodoxy and founded the country as "Han". In 222, Sun Quan accepted Wei as the "King of Wu". Seven years later, he became emperor, and the founding name was "Wu". Among the three countries, Shu Han still continued the title of the previous generation. However, this continuation is not a simple direct doctrine, but through repeated construction and publicity. Back in the Qin and Han Dynasties, in the first 206 years, Xiang Yu made Liu Bang Hanwang. Liu Bang is the hero who directly destroyed Qin. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, there was chaos in the world. Chu Huaiwang agreed with the generals that "the first to enter the customs is king". Xiang Yu confronted Qin Jun's main force, but Liu Bang led the army to the dam first and occupied Guanzhong. Since then, Xiang Yu, the most powerful person, naturally does not want Liu Bang to be sealed in a key area. Ignore the oath of King Xu and King Chu directly. Liu bang changed his name to Hanzhong and established Hanwang. Liu Bang was not satisfied with this title at first, but Xiao He told him, "Tianhan is very beautiful." Then he told the meaning of the word "Han" and a series of goodwill it represented, which Liu Bang accepted with pleasure. Xiang Yu was destroyed in the East, and after the national reunification, the title of the country was still "Han". Since then, "Han" has become a political symbol with special significance. After Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, people were in a state of panic, and various insurgents made signs of "reviving the Han Dynasty". In the end, the chaos was unified by Liu Xiu. Although the first line of Liu Xiu was far away in the Western Han Dynasty, it still followed the Han Dynasty, and the country name was "Han". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han Empire existed in name only. However, the gold-lettered signboard of "Han" has played a very attractive role, at least in name. Liu Bei claimed to be the descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, and made a crusade against Cao Cao in the name of "Chinese thieves contended". After more than 300 years, it is still doubtful whether Liu Bei is a Han clan. Even Pei Songzhi, who made notes on the History of the Three Kingdoms in the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, lamented: "I think that although our ancestors came from the filial piety scene, the world is far away, and it is difficult to know what their ancestors are." But in any case, Liu Bei raised the banner of "reviving the Han Dynasty". Liu Bei, who was originally dressed in cloth, did not have the political accumulation like Cao Cao and Sun Quan, but he still confronted Cao Cao and Sun Quan with "Han". But Liu Beicheng was also a "Han" and defeated "Han". It is the duty of a thief to pretend to be a Han Chinese. Among the three countries, Han accumulated the least and had the weakest strength, but he used troops abroad all the year round, and his national strength consumption could not be compared with Wei's, and he could only hate history in the end. (The image of Liu Bei in the film and television drama Romance of the Three Kingdoms) When addressing Shu Han, we still need to correct one thing. Different from novels and TV plays, Liu Bei founded a country called Shu Han, which we used to call Wei Shuwu. The regime established by Liu Bei has always been called Han, but Chen Shou of Jin Dynasty had to stand in the position of Jin when compiling history books. Jin inherited Wei, so Wei was orthodox in the Three Kingdoms period. Therefore, Chen Shou named Shu Shu according to the history of Liu Beihan. So strictly speaking, it can't be said that Liu Bei founded Shu. Second, after the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the imperial power of the Eastern Han Dynasty gradually lost. Following Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Emperor Han became a puppet, and it was difficult to turn over again. Cao Cao "held the emperor to make the princes", annexed the heroes and unified the north. In 2 13, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty named Cao Cao Gong Wei; 2 16, promoted to Wang Wei; After Cao Cao's death, Cao Pi acceded to the throne and accepted his abdication, replacing Han as Wei. So why did Cao Cao call it Wei? (The image of Cao Pi in the film and television drama "The Military League") In the Yuan Dynasty, Hu Sansheng pointed out for "Zi Tongzhi Sword": "Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shang, gained Jizhou, and came last. Ye, a native of Wei County in Han Dynasty. Wei, so is your name. He was made Duke Wei. There is a prophet who says,' Those who replace Han should be high.' When painting is high, Wei also. Wendi was influenced by Han and Zen, and his country name was Wei. "Visible, cao cao said" wei "on the one hand, because he made his fortune in yecheng, belongs to the han wei county, so called wang wei. On the other hand, it is related to the prediction that the generation of Han people should be high. Prophecy is a mysterious prophecy popular in Han Dynasty. The so-called "paradox" is a code word, which indicates good or bad luck. During the Han Dynasty, people were superstitious about Confucian classics. At this time, some alchemists who accepted Confucian classics, under the guise of sages such as Confucius, Emperor, Yao, Shun and Yu, explained and expounded Confucian classics with different theories of yin and yang and five elements, and created a large number of fake books. In these fake books, there are a lot of predictions, and "the generation of Han people is high" is one of them. The prediction that "Han people should be higher than Dangtu" originated from the book Spring and Autumn Prophecy of the Western Han Dynasty, which predicted that people who replaced the Han Dynasty should be higher than Dangtu, but this book has no clear meaning and reference. (The image in the film and television drama "Long Song Xing") Gongsun Shu, who fought for hegemony in the world at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, used this divination to become an emperor. He thinks that the "narration" in his name corresponds to the "painting" in divination, both of which mean "cheng", so he calls himself "painting high" In the process of reunification, Liu Xiu wrote to Gongsun Shu. Liu Xiu also said in the letter: "Those who are red are Huang Ye; His surname is Dangtu and his name is Gaoye. " He acknowledged the prophecy, but denied that Gongsun Shu was contrary to it. Thus, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, this kind of divination appeared again. Yuan Shu's son is a highway, so I think his words correspond to the prophecy. I think Yuan is a descendant of Shun, a native virtue, and can inherit the fire virtue of the Han Dynasty. Plus, Sun Ce presented a decree at that time, and he soon proclaimed himself emperor. This move aroused people's dissatisfaction all over the world and led to a crusade. As for the basis of Cao Cao's use of this prophecy, it comes from the statement of Zhou Shu, a Confucian minister at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He pointed out: "When painting is high, Wei also covers it, when painting is high, saints follow the class." "Weique" is a lofty landscape of ancient emperors' buildings on the gates. And "being painted and rising" refers to the high-rise building facing the avenue, which is consistent with the architectural modeling of "Weique". Therefore, the generation of Han people should be "Wei". Therefore, Cao Cao readily accepted the title of Wei, and Cao Pi naturally took Wei as the title of the country established after the Han Dynasty. 3. Compared with the complex origin of the Han and Wei titles, the process of establishing the Wu titles is relatively simple. In 22 1 year, Cao Pi built Wei in the Han Dynasty. In order to win over Sun Quan, he named Sun Quan "King of Wu". Whether to accept the title of Cao Wei or not, there was a debate in the Soochow court. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" records: "The power of ministers is discussed, so it is appropriate to be called a general, Kyushu Bo, and Wei should not be sealed. Quan said,' I heard from Bo Gu, Kyushu. In the past, Pei Gong was also worshipped as Hanwang by Xiang Yu. This cover is timely, why bother? Then accept it. (The image of Sun Quan in the movie Red Cliff) Behind Sun Quan's acceptance of the title of "King of Wu" is his choice based on historical reality. At this time, the situation in the Three Kingdoms was very complicated, and Cao Pi and Liu Bei proclaimed themselves emperors one after another. At this time, Cao Wei was the strongest in China, and Liu Bei and Sun Quan were in a state of joint resistance to Wei, but at this time, the two sides were in conflict because of the turf competition. Especially in 2 19, Wu Dong ambushed and killed Guan Yu, which brought the relationship between the two countries to freezing point. Liu Bei has been preaching the battle against Wu. For the weak Sun Quan, it is the wisest choice to repair Wei and concentrate on dealing with it. So he accepted the conferring of Cao Pi. Besides, the land of Jiangdong has always been called "Wu", and Sun Quan is not unacceptable. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang repaired it again and joined forces with * * * to resist the enemy Wei. By AD 229, Sun Quan had established a country in Jiangdong, so he proclaimed himself emperor, with the title "Wu". Wen said that in the history of China, the title of a country was a political symbol and, to a certain extent, an explanation of the political legitimacy of a regime. After 300 years of prosperity, the Han Dynasty ushered in three independent regimes: Wei, Han (Shu) and Wu. On the basis of divination believed by people at that time, Wei constructed the legitimacy of Zen dynasty in Han and Wei dynasties. Liu Bei claimed to be a descendant of the Han royal family and used the influence of Han Yan for 400 years to win people's hearts. Sun Quan's acceptance of the title of "Wu" is a bit passive, which is the wisest choice under the current situation. It can be seen that the country name is not a cold historical figure, and there are many wonderful stories and tactics behind it, which deserve our attention. References: [Jin] Chen Shou: The History of the Three Kingdoms, the twenty-four history of school-based publishing by Zhonghua Book Company. Hu Axiang: My Country and My Name —— A Study of Names in Past Dynasties and Names in Ancient and Modern China, Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 20 18. On the Author and Creation Time of Dangtu Manuscript —— A Discussion with Mr. Zhong, Journal of Yantai University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),No. 1 2004. (Author: Haoran literature and history corrupt Ke people) This article is an original work of literature and history science from the media Haoran literature and history, and it is forbidden to reprint without authorization! The pictures used in this article are all from the Internet unless otherwise specified. If there is any infringement, please contact the author to delete it. Thank you!