/kloc-At the end of 0/8th century, many countries such as the United States and Europe gradually developed from capitalism to imperialism. In order to stimulate the rapid economic development and extract more surplus value, and to maintain this high-speed capitalist machine, capitalists constantly exploit workers by increasing labor time and labor intensity.

In the United States, workers have to work 14 to 16 hours a day, and some even longer.

Vector diagram of May Day International Labor Day

(20 sheets)

Up to 18 hours, but the salary is very low. Massachusetts No.1

The supervisor of a shoe factory once said, "Let a strong and healthy 18-year-old boy work next to any machine here, and I can make his hair turn white at the age of 22." A heavy pace

Class oppression aroused great anger among the proletarians. They know that the only way to survive is to unite and fight against capitalists through strike movement. The workers' strike condition is that they should work eight hours.

Make a system.

1877, the first national strike in American history began. The working class took to the streets to demonstrate and proposed to the government to improve working and living conditions, demanding that working hours be shortened and an eight-hour working day be implemented. Shortly after the strike, the ranks were expanding day by day, the number of trade union members surged, and workers from all over the country also took part in the strike movement.

Under the strong pressure of the workers' movement, the US Congress was forced to enact laws on the eight-hour working day. but

However, some capitalists simply ignore it. This law is just a dead letter, and workers are still living in dire straits and tortured by capitalists. The workers who were fed up decided to fight for the right to life.

Struggle, to a new climax, ready to hold a bigger strike movement.

1884 10, eight international and national workers' groups in the United States and Canada, in Chicago, USA.

Gago held a rally and decided to hold a general strike on May 1 886, forcing capitalists to implement an eight-hour working system. This day has finally arrived. 1886 US May 1 350,000 enterprises.

The workers stopped working and took to the streets to hold a large-scale demonstration. Workers of all colors and jobs went on a general strike together. In Chicago alone, 45,000 workers poured into the streets. In this case, the main workers in the United States

The industrial department was paralyzed, the train turned into a frozen snake, the shops were silent, and all the warehouses were closed and sealed.

1866, the first international Geneva conference put forward the slogan of eight-hour work system. On May 1886 and 1 day, the United States held a large-scale strike demonstration with about 350,000 people as the center. The demonstrators demanded improved working conditions and an eight-hour working day. On May 3, 1886, the Chicago government dispatched police to suppress and shot and killed two people. The situation has expanded. On May 4th, striking workers held a protest in Haymarket Square. As unknown people threw bombs at the police, the police finally fired, and four workers and seven policemen died successively. It is called Hay Market Riot or Hay Market Massacre. In the subsequent judgment, eight anarchists were charged with murder, four anarchists were hanged, and 1 committed suicide in prison.

In order to commemorate this great labor movement and protest the subsequent verdict, workers' protests were held all over the world. These activities became the predecessor of International Labor Day.

1 in July, 889, at the second international founding conference organized by Engels, it was announced that May1day would be designated as International Labor Day every year.

After a hard and bloody struggle, we finally won. In memory of the workers' movement, 1889 7

On June 14, the socialist congress convened by Marxists from all over the world was grandly opened in Paris, France. At the congress, the delegates unanimously agreed to designate May 1 day as the International Proletarian Day. This decision

It immediately received a positive response from workers all over the world. On May 1890 and 1 Sunday, the European and American working classes took the lead in taking to the streets, holding grand demonstrations and assemblies to fight for their legitimate rights and interests. Since then, every day the world

Working people in all countries should gather, March and celebrate and have a public holiday.

China people's activities to celebrate Labor Day can be traced back to 19 18. The State Council, the Central People's Government, designated May 1 as the legal labor day on February 1949. [ 1]

May 1920, 1, New Youth, Volume 7, Issue 6. Publishing Cai yuan

Pei's Inscription on Sacred Labor, Sun Yat-sen's Inscription on All Men in the World, Li Dazhao's History of the May 1 Movement, and Chen Duxiu's Problems of Hunan Women Workers in Shanghai Housheng Cotton Mill. At the same time, it also published South China University of Technology in France.

Investigation on general rules and working conditions of trade unions in Tangshan, Shanxi and Yangtze River.

Sacred labor

On May 1 day, workers from industrial cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang and Tangshan marched to the market and held large-scale demonstrations and gatherings. Li Dazhao specializes in New Youth.

The newspaper published the history of the May Day Movement, introduced the origin of the May Day and the activities of workers in the United States, France and other countries to commemorate the May Day, and called on workers in China to regard this year's May Day as a day of awakening. Chen Duxiu also celebrated this.

The newspaper published the article "Problems of Hunan Women Workers in Shanghai Housheng Cotton Mill", which exposed the truth that capitalists exploited workers' surplus value. Chen Duxiu also made a speech on "Workers' Consciousness" at the Shanghai Shipyard Workers' Federation, which clarified.

"Labor creates the world", "People who work are the most useful and valuable". On that day, workers and intellectuals from all over the country gathered together. Under the guidance of Shanghai and Chen Duxiu, more than 5,000 workers held a meeting organized by the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce.

Chen Duxiu was selected as the consultant of the World Labor Memorial Conference jointly prepared by seven groups. At the commemorative meeting, representatives from all walks of life spoke, and workers put forward the "March 8" policy of 8 hours of work, 8 hours of rest and 8 hours of education.

System ",and shouted slogans such as" Long live the workers "and" Long live the industry in China ". After the meeting, the Shanghai Workers' Declaration and a reply to the Russian workers' government were issued. The special issue of New Youth also published Li Dachuang's May Day Movement.

History, Chen Duxiu's Workers' Consciousness, The Problem of Hunan Women Workers in Shanghai Housheng Cotton Mill, and other important articles, as well as survey reports on workers' current situation in more than ten cities and regions such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Wuhan. in the north

In Beijing, Li Dazhao led a commemorative activity centered on Peking University. Peking University students went on strike on this day, and Peking University Student Weekly published "Labor Memorial". More than 500 teachers and students were held in the school.

Li Dazhao attended the commemorative meeting and made a speech at the meeting. He Mengxiong and other eight Peking University students and some young people went out to publicize and distribute the "Beijing May 1 Labor Declaration" to arouse workers to oppose exploitation and fight for their rights.

The patrol was arrested. Deng Zhongxia went to Beijing Changxindian to distribute the "Beijing May 1 Labor Declaration" to railway workers and delivered a speech. This is the first time that China commemorates May 1 International Labor Day, and it is also the first May 1 Labor Day in the history of China.