Both the upper and lower couplets are from Bao Zhao's Poems of Xunyang Returning to Beijing Road in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Creation background
In 439 AD (the 16th year of Yuanjia), Bao Zhao was appointed as the official subordinate of Liu Yiqing, king of Linchuan, and Liu Yiqing's official residence was in Jiangzhou, so the poem "Going to Xunyang" took this as the topic and went to Jiangzhou to be an official. "Back to Beijing" means back to Beijing for health. The title of this poem probably means: I wrote this poem on my way back to Kyoto because of some things after I arrived at the official. Shang Xunyang is the author's first official career, and all the emotions revealed in his poems are related to this.
Brief introduction of the author
Bao Zhao (about 4 14 ~ 466) was a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. This word has far-reaching significance. Originally from the East China Sea (now Tancheng, Shandong Province), he said he joined the Party (now Shanxi Province). He spent his youth near Jingkou. At the age of 26, he met Liu Yiqing, king of Linchuan. He recommended himself. At first, he couldn't pay attention to it. Later he was recognized as assistant minister Linchuan. Later, he also worked as a doctor of Imperial College of Technology and a scholar in China. Later, due to the internal struggle of the court, he died in the mutinous soldiers. Bao Zhao was ruined and frustrated all his life, but his poems were quite famous before his death. There are many famous poems, fu and parallel prose, and the highest achievement is poetry, among which Yuefu poetry accounts for a large proportion and is very famous. He is also good at writing seven-character songs, which can absorb the essence of folk songs. Rich in emotion, vivid in image and full of romanticism, it has certain influence on the creation of Li Bai, Gao Shi, Cen Can and others in the Tang Dynasty. He, Xie Lingyun and Yan Yanzhi are also called "Yuanjia Sanjie". There are Bao Ji and Bao Ji.
original text
Poems on Xunyang's Road to the Capital
Bao Zhao in the Southern and Northern Dynasties
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In the first six sentences, I saw the poet anxious to return. "Nanling", Nanling garrison, is on the northwest river in Fanchang, Anhui. "Luzhou", or a non-place name, generally refers to the sandbar with reeds everywhere, which is naturally under the garrison of Nanling. "I stayed in Nanling last night, but now I am in Luzhou." The rapid change of position shows the speed of the ship. "The guest cherishes the sun and the moon, and the waves cannot stay." "Cherish the sun and the moon" means cherishing time, that is, racing against time. "Broken waves", surging waves. As soon as Enami released Wan Li, the passenger ship went down the river, which was "no stay". "If you invade the star and go to the early road, Bijing will rush forward." "Invading the stars" and "opening the classics" mean getting up early and going to bed late. In this way, he hurried forward, chasing the pioneers for fear of falling behind.
Looking into the distance, we can see that the poet is afraid to go back and misses his hometown and country. "Scale scale evening Yun Qi, hunting night wind salamanders. The yellow sand is foggy and the waves rise from Bai Ou. " These four sentences describe the twilight scene, which is very true. This corresponds to the preface of "Wave Collapse", which shows that the wind and waves are sinister. It's time to stay up late at this time, and the day's trip is over. How should I feel in the face of this situation? When he arrived in Xunyang, he wrote in the book "Landing on the Thunder Shore and Sisters": "Stacking stones and stars, building water to stay, poor guests, magnificent, ... how to be friends!" I feel the same way at this time. "Climb to the tree shop, cover your tears and look at Liu Jing. When you see the plain, you can see the smoke floating in the distance. " These four sentences are written in Deng Diao. "Stern" refers to the ship. "Liu Jing" refers to the Yangtze River and "Huaidian" refers to the area under Fanchang. The Eastern Jin Dynasty once set up Huaiyang Overseas Chinese County in Dangtu. The emotion written here is very obvious, "hide your tears". How sad he feels in the face of such fear, a bit like crying at the end of the road. Every sentence is full of hope, which shows how uneasy he is. As far as I can see the plain, I can see the smoke floating in the distance. It is conceivable that he is eager to see it. It is really "looking at his hometown, it is difficult to get it back." "I suddenly sat back together. I was thinking about autumn." "Sudden" and "Russian thinking" have the same meaning, but (thinking, auxiliary words). These two sentences take a long-term view, which means that in a short time, the clouds will converge (the slogan "Back to Beijing" means "misty"), and the dusk will be heavy, and the evening breeze will bring coolness, which is cooler than autumn (slightly similar to Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn Night, Dusk in beginning of autumn"). These two sentences have a subtle feeling of dusk and night sky, and also convey the author's sense of loneliness and cold.
The last four sentences are regrets. "I have never disobeyed my family. Can I go to Wan Li Road?" These two sentences mean that I have never left home before. How can I go thousands of miles away to apply for a job? "Who made the ancient festivals missing and made this homesick?" "Ancient Festival" refers to the ancient ethics of being cautious about the source. Run away from home "across the country" Fang Hui said, "The last sentence of this poem is wonderful. Keep the festival of the ancients and don't be an official. Why worry about going abroad? " There are two questions at the end of the article, which express the author's deep remorse for his career. There are all kinds of feelings here. I can't say it all, and there is no need to say it all. I just blame myself. I blame myself for asking for it. Through this kind of self-reproach, readers can appreciate his thousands of words, which is probably what Fang Hui called "excellent".
He Chao called this poem "fresh in every word and strange in every sentence" (quoted from Fang's Zhao Mei Zhan Yan). The language of this poem is really clear, with no uncommon words and almost no allusions. Write in order and read clearly and smoothly. The scenery written is also very fresh, in line with the reality of Jiang Xing, and it is quite emotional in narrative and description. This is very different from Xie Lingyun's classic and exquisite landscape. This poem was written at the beginning of his official career, as if a young wanderer had tasted the taste of traveling far away from his relatives for the first time, and his journey was also the hardship of his official career. His anxious to return, his longing, his sorrow and his regret are all combined together, so real and touching, which can not help but remind people of Xin Qiji's two words: "There is no evil wave at the head of the river, and there is no difficulty in the world!" ("Partridge Day, Send People Away")