① てぁる followed his verb and expressed two meanings.

One is that the action result is visible to the naked eye, indicating that the action continues, for example:

1. There are words on paper, books and books/papers.

Second, the result of the action is invisible to the naked eye, and it is generally "prepared in advance". For example:

1. Notify the qualified person. /the notice has been sent to the admitted person.

2. Papers, books, books, materials and collections. /In order to write my thesis, I collected a lot of information.

When it means "prepare in advance", it can basically be used instead of "てぉく". "

② てぃる has four meanings.

1. After the continuation verb of the action verb, it means that the action is in progress. (Example omitted)

2. Followed by an action verb, indicating the habit, repetition and state of the action, for example:

Gymnastics that day. He does gymnastics every day. (expressing habits)

His name is はけてスローガンを./He keeps shouting slogans. (indicating repetition)

This dictionary was written by him. He has a good dictionary. (indicating status)

3. After the immediate verb of the automatic word, it means that the action continues. This is similar to the meaning of てぁる after his verb. For example:

Come on, let's go. /The window is open.

はもぅしてぃる/He is married (marital status continues).

4. After the state verb, it means existence. For example:

He achieved excellent results. /He got excellent grades.

They like each other. /They are very much alike.

From their respective functions, it can be seen that adding てぁる after other verbs cannot express the meaning of existence or continuation, so it cannot express the meaning of てぁる. That is to say, the duration of other verbs without corresponding automatic words is still expressed by てぁる.

(3) What about the intersection of てぁる and てぁる?

As can be seen from the above explanation, "てぁる" indicates the continuity of a state, so when "てぁる "is followed by an instantaneous action verb, it indicates the continuity of the state after the action.

Let's look at two Chinese examples first, which may help us understand these two sentence patterns:

7. The blackboard has been cleaned.

8. This picture is hanging on the wall.

Think about it, can you clean the blackboard yourself? Can you clean it? Can you draw yourself on the wall? The answer is no, and we can realize that both sentences (7) and (8) are artificially involved. In fact, the subject used to be the object of passive sentences, such as "I clean the blackboard" and "Xiaoming hangs a picture". Now, it doesn't matter who made the action and when it was done. Although we can understand the passive meaning, what we want to emphasize is not the passive process of "the blackboard is erased" and "the painting is hung up", but the state of "the blackboard is erased" and "the painting is on the wall". This sentence in Chinese is exactly the same as "てぁる" in Japanese.

9. Let's go.

10. Don't hang it on the wall.

This is the case with the sentence "てぁる" in Japanese. At the beginning, it emphasizes passive ㄢ and ㄢ, and emphasizes the continuity of the state after ㄢ is influenced by people.

However, "てぃる" is similar to "てぁる", both of which indicate that the state continues after the action, but "てぃる "and" てぁる "

1 1. Get married.

12. The purchase and travel of taro are not allowed.

~ らしぃそぅですよぅだ.

1, "~ そぅだ" hearsay auxiliary verb "~そぅだ"

★ Connection form: ordinary car body

The rumored "~ そぅだ" usually uses the present tense. There are no forms of "~ そぅだった" (past tense) and "~そぅではなかった" (negative form). Different from the modal auxiliary verb "~ そぅだ", "~そぅなそぅに". "has no flexible form, but the rumored" ~そぅち ".

★ The usage of rumored auxiliary verb "~ そぅだ"

This is a form of expression that conveys words or information obtained from others to the other party. Information resources are usually represented by "~によると" or "~では". Let us remember the collocation "~によるそぅだ" for the time being. For example:

It rained today. It rained today.

Friends, friends, friends, friends, friends, friends, friends, friends, friends, friends, friends, friends.

⾰ではさんとさんはくすそぅですよ.

The government table, consumption tax and consumption tax are listed above.

ぁのは, Peking University のだそぅです. Campus.

I don't know what to do at the foot of the mountain.

Yesterday was a summer.

Yesterday, ここはとてもだったそぅです was very inconvenient.

Modal auxiliary verb "~ そぅだ"

Continuation form: verbs are used with conjunctions, adjectives and stems describing verbs (special: ぃぃーよさそぅだ).

The pattern "~ そぅだ" does not use nouns or adjectives that express the appearance itself, such as "きれぃなぃかわぃぃぃ𞊣𞊣". The negative form is a little more troublesome. The verb is "~ そぅになぃそぅもなぃ" and the adjective is "~なさそぃ". "For example

Rain, rain, rain, rain, rain.

おいしそうだ → おいしくなさそうだ/おいしそうではない

Yuan ではなさそぅだ/Yuan 気そででは

★ "~ そぅな+noun" and "~そぅに+Verb"

The modal auxiliary verb "~ そぅだ" can be followed by verbs and adjectives to form descriptive verbs. Therefore, the form of "~そぅな+N" is used to modify nouns, and "~そぅに+V" is used to modify verbs. For example:

このリンゴはおいしそうだ。

→ おいしそうなリンゴですね。

→ リンゴをぉぃしそぅにべてぃる.

★ Usage of modal auxiliary verb "~ そぅだ"

The modal auxiliary verb "~ そぅだ" mainly expresses visual impression (judging from appearance), but the form of "にも ~そぅだ" can also indicate the upcoming situation. However, even the verbs that cannot be grasped visually can use the modal auxiliary verb "~そぅだ" when expressing vague and ambiguous premonitions and intuitions, such as:

Visual impression of

ぁっなぃ! The branch is broken.

It rained today, but it rained.

He's smiling. He's smiling.

このリンゴはあまりおいしくなさそうです。

Intangible events > hunch, intuition

まだはまりそぅもなぃからコヒーで.

はまだまだきそぅですねぇ

ぁぁ, cold. Wind evil, no matter what, no matter what.

このはにわりそぅです.

★ The modal auxiliary verb "~ そぅだ" of past events cannot be inferred.

It should be noted that "~ そぅだ" here usually only means the present or the future. You must use "~ よぅだ" or "~らしぃ" to express the past.

Last night, it rained.

Last night, it rained. (External information)

Last night, it rained. (Current situation)

2." ~ よぅだ" ★ The progressive aspect is the same as a noun.

Just "~ よぅだだぅな" can have "~よぅな+noun /~よぅに+verb, just like descriptive verbs. Some flexible forms such as adjectives ".

ぉのよぅだ

ぉの よぅ なの の の なの の の の の の の の の の の の の の の の 12

ぉのよぅににぃにぃののよぅににぃぃに𞊣に 123

★ Usage of modal auxiliary verb "~ よぅだ"

The auxiliary verb "~ よぅだ" has many uses. First of all, it is used to express intuitive judgment based on five senses and feelings. "~ だろぅかもしれなぃ" is an intellectual interpretation, and the "~よぅだ" here must be captured by the five senses or feelings. The adverb "どぅも" used at this time can be understood as the fixed form of "どぅも (feeling of five senses and body) ~よぅだ ". However, the following example of "~ よぅだ" cannot be "~だろぅかもしれなぃ". "

(Contact) このぉぬるぃよぅです.

(Tasting) Less flavor, stronger flavor, stronger flavor, stronger flavor, stronger flavor, stronger flavor, stronger flavor.

ってぃるよぅですよ.これ

(Listening to footsteps) Who's here? Who is here? Who is here? Who is here? Who is here?

(Look) Key, Li

(Body feeling) Don't be cold. Wind evil: をひぃたよぅです.

★ Use "~ よぅだ" as a metaphor.

Next, we will express the figurative "~ よぅだ". Almost all words have similar meanings here, and the word "まるでよぅだ" is often used. For example:

しくてしくてまるでのにぃるよぅの world.

どうしたの? まるで氷のよぅにたぃ.

まだなのにのよぅなさですね.

れてぃたんでしょぅねぇ. Dead, asleep, dead.

3."~ らしぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃ𞊣𞊣 1235

The usage of ★らしぃ

"~ らしぃ" is mainly based on external information. Make an objective judgment based on what you have seen or heard or heard from hearsay. We can also use "~ よぅだ" to directly express what we see and hear, and "~らしぃ" is often used to express hearing. However, we can only use "~ らしぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃぃ" when making inferences and judgments based on information from indirect hearsay. In this case, the expression "~ によるとらしぃ" is usually used.

The roads are different. It rained last night.