The Opium War made China lose its independent status and began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the social nature of China changed greatly. From a semi-colonial perspective, after the Opium War, China's sovereignty over territory, territorial sea, justice, tariffs and trade began to be seriously damaged, and China has lost its independent national status politically. In particular, the concession established by the foreign powers was completely independent of China's administrative system and legal authority, and it was a "country within a country" and became the base for the foreign powers to pursue their policy of aggression against China. From a semi-feudal point of view, after the Opium War, the natural economy marked by small farmers and cottage industries began to collapse. On the one hand, the cottage industry in the southeast coastal areas, mainly cotton textile industry, has been greatly impacted by foreign goods. On the other hand, agricultural products, mainly silk tea, have become more and more commercialized.

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (185 1- 1864) was a peasant regime established by the peasant uprising in the late Qing Dynasty. Jintian uprising, which started with the symbol 185 1 year, and ended with the symbol 1864, which lasted 13 years. This uprising has created many precedents in China. For example, the peasant uprising in China was suppressed by Chinese and foreign forces for the first time, and it was initiated by western religions. The leader is Hong Xiuquan, with the title of "King of Heaven" and the capital is Tianjing (now Nanjing). First, the heaven-earth system and the new chapter on senior management promulgated by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement are great creations of the peasant class, which have given them certain material benefits and reflected their strong desire for freedom and equality. The Land System of China is the first programmatic document involving politics, military affairs and economy in the history of China peasant war, and it is also the first concrete plan of the peasant uprising army on land distribution in history, which embodies the idea of equality and plays a certain role in promoting it. The new chapter of Senior Minister criticizes the foundation and suppresses the end, respects science and technology, advocates the establishment of enterprises, advocates industrial and commercial profits and encourages private capital, which is in line with the requirements of the historical trend. Its plan to develop capitalism reflects the end of advanced China people seeking truth from the West.

Second, after the capital Tianjin, actively implement foreign trade policies and carry out normal foreign trade. The foreign trade policy is positive development, equality and mutual benefit, and independence, which is in stark contrast to the Qing government's closed door, servility and humiliation of the country. Tough attitude towards opium imports. 1854 when talking about trade in a letter to the British ambassador, Yang wrote: "Not only Britain trades, but all countries trade. All the seas are brothers, and the matter of building a port will be decided later, and things that harm people will be banned. " Give the intruder a blow. 1863, Shanghai Port exported12 million pounds of tea, double that of 1858. 1862 Shanghai declared 180 ships, the import tariff revenue of Shanghai Port was 337010/4, and the revenue of the two terminals was 5 1960, which was extremely prosperous.

Third, initially undertake the task of opposing imperialism and feudalism. Ever since jintian uprising got up, he has pointed the finger at the Qing Dynasty. Ideologically, he pointed the finger at Confucius and Mencius, the spiritual pillar of the feudal dynasty, opposed the feudal hierarchy and advocated equality. The anti-feudal struggle of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom dealt a heavy blow to the rulers of Qing Dynasty. As for the anti-imperialist struggle, the banner is also very clear. Walter, the captain of the foreign guns team, and Blaude, the French prefect, were killed by the soldiers of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 1862, a foreign invader came to Nanking and suggested to Hong Xiuquan that China should be divided equally after defeating the Qing army. Hong Xiuquan immediately sternly retorted: "I am fighting for China, and I intend to focus on the overall situation; If things are equally divided, the world laughs; No, lead a ghost into the country. " This fully reflects its patriotic stance.

Mass anti-imperialist patriotic movement in the late Qing Dynasty. It is the development of China people's anti-secession and anti-aggression struggle after the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and it is also the general outbreak of anti-church struggle all over the country for a long time. Western countries still refer to the Boxer Rebellion as the whole Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Nation Alliance Incident.

The rise of the Boxer Rebellion The Boxer Rebellion, formerly known as the Boxer Rebellion, is one of the many secret folk organizations that have been popular for a long time in Shandong and Zhili (now Hebei). Although this secret association focused on "boxing" rather than "teaching", the Qing government banned it in the name of "boxing" and it was difficult to develop. After the Sino-Japanese War, Germany occupied Jiaozhou Bay and forced Shandong Province to become its sphere of influence. Foreign churches have also expanded their influence in Shandong, conniving at and sheltering illegal "parishioners" (that is, Christians in China). In cases involving religious affairs, they often intervene and coerce local officials to favor and suppress the people and make unfair judgments. The masses accumulated hatred for the church, and the anti-religious struggle followed (see lesson plan). The Boxer Rebellion became an important organizational form to resist foreign aggression.