Many of his works are excellent world-famous songs, such as opera yevgeni onegin and the Queen of Spades, ballet Swan Lake, Nutcracker, Sleeping Beauty, and symphonies Symphony No.4, Symphony No.5, Symphony No.6 and Symphony No.6..
Ludwig van Beethoven is the last and greatest representative of Viennese music school. Beethoven 1770 12 16 was born in Bonn, a small town near the French border on the Rhine. My father is a high school male singer in the court orchestra, and my mother is a chef. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Palace Orchestra. Beethoven showed musical talent from an early age, and his father knew his son's musical talent for a long time. In order to cultivate him into a child prodigy like Mozart, he was forced to learn piano and violin at the age of four, and began to perform in concerts and try to compose music at the age of eight. However, his music education in this period has been very chaotic and unsystematic. Beethoven dropped out of school at the age of eleven and concentrated on studying music at home. At the age of twelve, he was able to play freely and worked as an assistant to organist Nie Fei (1748- 1798). Thirteen-year-old Beethoven was hired as a harpsichord player by Bonn Theatre and officially became a professional musician. At this time, he began to formally learn music from Nie Fei. Nie Fei is a versatile musician. He broadened Beethoven's artistic horizons, familiarized him with some excellent examples of German classical art, and consolidated Beethoven's understanding of lofty goals. Beethoven's formal study and systematic upbringing actually began with Nie Fei's careful teaching and training: Nie Fei also led him to teach Mozart in Vienna from 65438 to 0787. After listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day. Beethoven received the news of his mother's death shortly after he arrived in Vienna, and he had to go back to Bonn at once. Due to the drag of his family, he didn't come to Vienna for the second time until his father died in the autumn of 1792, but Mozart was no longer alive. After Beethoven came to Vienna for the second time, he quickly gained the position of the most outstanding performer (especially improvisation) in Vienna. After that, he studied under Haydn, Schenk, Ablisberg and salieri. Beethoven has been growing up in the music of Mozart and Haydn, so that when he started writing, his style was similar to that of his predecessors. As a freelance musician in Vienna, his situation is better than Mozart's, but he suffers from personal relations. He contacted many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time through his association with Bonn intellectual Brenin, and was influenced by the trend of thought of "hurricane movement" from them. His democratic thought was mature a few years before the French Revolution, but it developed rapidly in the revolutionary era. 1789 French bourgeois revolution and progress inspired him greatly and laid the foundation of his humanistic world outlook-believing in human equality, pursuing justice and personal freedom, and hating the oppression of feudal autocracy. He once said: "One year of freedom is much more useful to mankind than a hundred years of absolutism." The slogan of "freedom, equality and fraternity" in the French Revolution deeply touched him, and made him initially determine the most advanced bourgeois outlook on life at that time. He once wrote in his notes: "Freedom! ! ! What can people need more than it? " "I love freedom more than anything else-I won't betray the truth even before the throne!" "In the art world, as in all great creations, free development is the goal." This is the oath of Beethoven's creation. His creation realized these vows, created many immortal chapters, and realized his "through suffering-towards joy; Through struggle-to victory ". This is reflected in his violin concerto, the fourth piano concerto, the fifth piano concerto and other works, especially the ninth symphony, which declares Beethoven's ideal purpose-the unity and friendship of all mankind.
Beethoven is one of the most original composers. His main and most important works are symphonic music, of which nine symphonies are the most important. Beethoven's creative conception is broad, his image is magnificent, his feelings are deep and his contrast is sharp, which makes him pay attention to the adoption and expansion of sonata form. At the same time, due to the rich and diverse images, the sonata form used in each work has its own characteristics. Beethoven's other orchestral works include violin concerto, five piano concertos, two overtures, piano band, chorus fantasia, two violins and orchestra romance. Although the three famous composers of Vienna Classical School lived in similar times, Beethoven's thoughts obviously did not belong to the same era as Haydn and Mozart. Haydn was humiliated all his life. Although he is occasionally provoked, he always resigns. At that time, progressive literary thoughts and revolutionary emotions rarely excited him, and his music was always insulated from struggle. Mozart's mental pain is no less than Haydn's. He dared to resist, preferring poverty to endure the insult of the archbishop. However, in his music, people often feel a kind of pain, melancholy and sadness behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality. Only Beethoven, who not only angrily opposed the autocratic feudal system, but also called on people to fight for freedom and happiness with his music. Beethoven's creations in Bonn (1782- 1792) are mostly small piano pieces, duets and songs. It can be said that he was still in the preparatory stage of creation during this period. During his first ten years in Vienna (1792- 1802), his famous works were Sorrow, Moonlight, Croce Sonata, Piano Concerto No.3 and so on. But during this period, he had a better understanding of social and political issues, and he could also achieve the goal he tried to explore. 1802- 18 12 years, his creation entered a mature stage and became his "heroic age".
The choir consists of two Masses (C major and D major), the oratorio Christ in Mount Olive and the Ninth Symphony.
Dramatic works include the opera Federio, the score Egmont, The King of Stevin, The Ruins of Athens and the ballet The Birth of Prometheus.
Chamber music includes septets, piano and wind quintets, string quintets, string quartets, sixteen Grand Fugues, four string trio, flute, violin and China piano serenade, six piano trio, ten clarinets, cello, piano trio, violin sonatas, five cello sonatas and horn sonatas, and thirty-two very important piano sonatas.
The songs include the vocal divertimento "For a Lover Far Away", the female voice and the live band "Ah! Disloyal people and other vocal and piano music.
Beethoven is basically classical in music genre, but his later period obviously has romantic factors, so it seems that he should be classified as a romantic genre. Representative works: Symphony No.3, No.5, No.6, No.7 and No.9 (Op.55, No.67, No.68, No.92, 125), Overture Egmont (Op.84), Overture Linlai Olin (Op.62), Piano Concerto No.5 "The Emperor" (Op.73).
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756- 179 1) is a great Austrian composer and an outstanding representative of the Viennese classical school. Born into a family of court musicians in Salzburg, he showed great musical talent from an early age and was excellent in improvisation and composition. At the age of six, he composed a minuet and performed it successfully in Europe, so he was called a "child prodigy". 1773 served as the court musician of the Archbishop of Salzburg. 178 1 year, he was dissatisfied with the strict control of the bishop and resigned angrily. He came to Vienna and embarked on a difficult road as a freelance musician.
All Mozart's works are permeated with his pursuit of democracy and freedom, and show his optimistic and cheerful mood under great social pressure. He widely used various musical forms, successfully linked the national music of Germany, Austria, Italy and other countries with the traditional music of Europe, endowed it with profound ideological content and perfect form, and opened up a brand-new road for the development of western music. Its creative technique is novel, the melody is simple and beautiful, the texture is clean and meticulous, and the orchestration pays attention to the timbre effect, which plays a positive role in polyphonic music and has a great influence on later music creation. In his short life, he wrote seventy-five works, leaving behind such famous operas as The Wedding of Figaro, Don Juan, The Great Escape from the harem and The Magic Flute, which made opera a new genre with civic characteristics. He also composed a large number of symphonies, concertos, piano pieces and chamber music ensembles.
Johann strauss (1825- 1899) is an Austrian composer. His father had the same name and was called Johann Strauss I (1804- 1849), while he was called johann strauss II. Johann Strauss I is also a composer. He has composed more than 65,438+050 waltzes and is known as the "father of waltzes". Together with joseph lanner (180 1- 1843), he composed more than 65,438 songs, which laid the foundation for the Viennese waltz. Until today in the 20th century, the waltz is still in the ascendant, maintaining a certain influence.
Johann Strauss II inherited the tradition of his late father Lana and other predecessors. But "shine on you is better than blue". Little John. Strauss's achievement is greater than his father's. He is a prolific writer. The number of works reached 479, including 168 waltzes,17 polkas, 73 caderes, 43 marches, 3 1 Mazzuca and galope, and 16 operettas. 1844, 19-year-old, he officially took the stage, and his work "waltz of short implied poem" (Op. 1) and three other dances (No.2-4), while "waltz of short implied poem" was repeated continuously in the cheers of "One more"/kloc-0. Johann Strauss II is known as "the king of waltzes" because he created a large number of waltzes that are popular in his life. 1899 On June 3rd, he died of pneumonia in Vienna, and the residents of Vienna held a grand funeral for him. It is said that100000 people attended. His body was placed in Vienna cemetery, next to Brahms' tomb, opposite Schubert's tomb.
Franz Liszt (181-1886) is a brilliant Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor and music activist. He was born in Reading, Hungary, and began to learn piano at the age of six. He is a disciple of Surrey, Cherny, severiano reija and Bell. He settled in Paris at the age of 16, influenced by the thoughts of romantic writers and artists such as Hugo, Lamartin and chateaubriand, and yearned for bourgeois revolution. Musically, he advocated title music and created the genre of symphonic poems, including Tasso, Prelude, Hungary and so on 13 symphonic poems. Under the influence of Paganini, Liszt composed nineteen hungarian rhapsody and ten piano etudes. He established a neo-romantic principle which was opposite to the college atmosphere and citizen habits, and supported the creation of composers such as Albertnis, Bedrich Smetana, Berlioz and Wagner. According to legend, Beethoven admired his genius after listening to his performance, and once went on stage to hug and kiss Liszt, which became a story of Liszt's music growth. He has lived in Weimar since 1848 and returns to Hungary regularly. He founded the Budapest National Conservatory of Music and served as its president. The tendency of progressive democracy in Liszt's creative activities is largely related to the national liberation movement in Hungary.
The piano piece hungarian rhapsody is inseparable from the name of Liszt, just as waltz is inseparable from Strauss and symphony is inseparable from Beethoven. His piano music has been included in the world classical piano music literature treasure house.
Liszt's nineteen piano works "Hungarian Four Rhapsodies" occupy a particularly important position in his piano works. These works not only give full play to the musical expression of the piano, but also set an outstanding musical model for the creation of Rhapsody, a musical genre. These works are based on the folk songs and folk dance music of Hungary and Hungarian gypsies, and have been artistically processed and developed, so they all have distinct national colors.
Color. These pieces of music are refined in structure and rich in musical ideas. Music language and expression are closely related to Hungarian country dance music and urban rap music. Although the form of music changes from time to time, the image of music is always bright and simple, which embodies the perfect unity of natural beauty and artistic beauty.
Polish composer, half French. His father moved from France to Warsaw to teach French to aristocratic children. Chopin showed his musical talent as a child and studied at the newly established Warsaw Conservatory of Music. At school, he fell in love with the young singer constance Gratkovska. At the age of nineteen, he wrote a piano concerto in F minor. It is said that this young girl inspired Chopin's creation. 183 1 In September, Chopin came to Paris, and he was connected with the artistic life of this city for the rest of his life. Chopin kept in touch with many outstanding artists in the salon, such as musicians Liszt and Berlioz, writers Hugo, Balzac and George? Sang, Heine, painter Delacroix. Chopin met Aurore with "a pair of melancholy eyes" through Liszt? Mrs. Du Wangde, a world-famous novelist george sand. Chopin's first impression of her was not good, but she was soon conquered by her charm. Under the control of a passion he had never experienced before, his musical imagination reached a high degree of excitement. For the next eight years, Chopin spent every summer in his villa in george sand. These years are also the most prosperous period of Chopin's creation.
However, his health gradually deteriorated and his relationship with george sand broke down. In his last letter, he was full of loneliness and despair. 1848 performed in England and died a few months after returning to Paris at the age of 39. His funeral was held in Mozart's requiem and his own funeral March. He was buried in Lachez cemetery, and a friend scattered Polish soil on his grave.
Chopin is one of the most original artists in the Romantic era. His style is entirely his own, and he will never confuse his own style with others'.
Among the first-class artists, Chopin is the only master who concentrates his creative life on the piano. From the beginning, his imagination was dedicated to the keyboard, and he created a world in this narrow structure. His genius even turned the limitations of the piano into a source of beauty. Of course, the main limitation of the piano is that it can't play persistent notes of any length, but Chopin skillfully overcame these limitations. He contributed as much to the formation of modern piano style as any musician.
Chopin used pedals to keep the chords far apart in the bass continuous, forming a charming melody group. He told the students, "Every note must be sung." In his music, exquisite decorations-vibrato, decorative sounds, and light transitional sentences-magically extend those tones. All this is always arranged smoothly, and the music is almost like playing it yourself.
In Chopin's body, his mother's blood is dominant. He was the first great composer who strongly highlighted the Slavic national factors in his music. Since then, Slavic national factors have entered the mainstream of European music. In Chopin's Bolognez in War Atmosphere, the blood of the Polish nation is boiling strongly, and their vigorous, brave and arched melody is like a curved steel bar. Knight-like Mazzuca is shining with a fiery and brilliant gesture; Sweet tenderness and witty flirting run through the waltz. Besides these spiritual dance forms, Chopin also created fantasia, scherzo, narrative, impromptu, prelude and sonata. His feelings are sometimes mysterious like a devil, and sometimes charming like a water demon, but they are always warm and kind. Spirituality, through his lyricism, has become a universal language, celebrating the greatest victory in his brilliant etudes, and those nocturnes are his dreams in loneliness, and he confides a person's most sincere desire to the quiet night. Although he is a lucky darling on the surface, in fact, like many romantic people of his contemporaries, he is also a man who has suffered a lot in life.