Japanese army:

At the beginning of World War II, the Japanese army really played well in China and Southeast Asia, which was related to the weakness of its opponents. Although China's army is large, it is outdated and poorly trained, and the Japanese also use poison gas. The gas masks of China's army were basically lost after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and the Japanese army usually attacked China after the poisonous gas killed a large number of troops. However, for fear of retaliation, the Japanese army did not use poison gas when fighting with the US military. Due to Japan's limited national strength, the Japanese army can't talk about mechanization at all, but its opponent is weak, so this shortcoming is not obvious, but the gap with the western countries' troops is too big to show its advantage in the Pacific Island War. There are also problems with the Japanese strategy. The Japanese army was originally small in number and had to fight battles everywhere. Besides China, there are also the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia and India. I'm afraid the battle area is bigger than that of Nazi Germans, and every place occupied is divided and left behind. As a result, there are fewer and fewer mobile forces, and it is basically impossible to launch a large-scale attack in the late war, and it was dragged to death in the terrible war of attrition.

Secondly, the Japanese military education system looks dazzling: the Army alone has more than a dozen schools, including the Army NCO School, the Army University School, the Army Youth School, the Army Gendarmerie School, the Aviation NCO School and the Army Manager School, and the Navy is no less than the Army. The origin of the Army NCO School is a military school established in Kyoto in the first year of Meiji (1868). In the second year, this military academy was moved to Osaka and renamed Osaka Military Academy, 187 1 moved to Tokyo. From 65438 to 0874, the Meiji government formally formulated the Regulations of the Army NCO School, and established the Army NCO School on the basis of Shibutai Army Officer School. In February of the following year, the first batch of students entered school, and the students at this time were later called the old X period. At this time, the French-style education system was adopted. The students were called cadets and came from the army. According to different military disciplines, the academic system is also very different. Infantry and cavalry are two years, artillery and engineers are three years at first, and then the second year is changed to four years, or even 188 1 is changed to five years. Therefore, he is still in school after being promoted to second lieutenant, also known as second lieutenant student. Therefore, the lack of officers in Japan during World War II is not unrelated to this system.

Japanese navy:

The Japanese navy is the strongest of the three armed forces in Japan. After all, Japan is an island country, and the navy is always in the highest position. At the beginning of World War II, the Japanese navy was well-trained and well-equipped, and the early attack on Pearl Harbor in the United States took a big advantage. Moreover, there is the powerful and terrible Type 93 oxygen torpedo. The charge of torpedo warhead is almost twice that of torpedoes in other countries. It is an epoch-making weapon with high speed, long range and inconspicuous trajectory. The Japanese even set up a "mine team" (torpedo team) for this purpose, imagining to use it to fight a decisive battle with the American fleet, but the Japanese miscalculated. The Pacific naval battle is dominated by carrier-based aviation, not short-legged torpedoes. Although the attack on Pearl Harbor proved the strength of carrier-based aviation, the Japanese did not pay enough attention to it and still attached great importance to battleships. Although the national strength is not strong, they still built the super battleships Yamato and Musashi (both sunk by American carrier-based aviation), and the construction of the aircraft carrier did not mention the first important position. On the contrary, after the Pearl Harbor incident, the United States realized the importance of aircraft carriers and began to build them crazily. The United States decided to concentrate on mass production according to the standard design scheme of Essex-class aircraft carrier, freeze the design and prohibit changes, and the shipyard adopted assembly line operation. In addition, steel grades and plates, shipboard equipment, machinery and weapons have also been highly standardized. The production of air defense weapons is almost entirely concentrated in the manufacture of127mm artillery, Bofors 40mm artillery and Eriksson 20mm artillery. In this way, the construction period of this class of aircraft carriers has been greatly shortened, and several ships have been completed and put into use in only 14- 16 months. During World War II, there were 17 Essex-class aircraft carriers in service, which also reflected the strong production capacity of the United States. In fact, the military production capacity of the United States at the end of 1942 was equivalent to the sum of Germany, Japan and Italy. Therefore, after the Pacific War entered the stalemate stage, the Japanese army had lost the possibility of victory.

Japanese air force:

First of all, the Japanese Air Force lacks tactical innovation. The Japanese military often issues orders in the sacred name of the Emperor, but few people dare to doubt the tactical feasibility of these orders. Soldiers just follow orders strictly, regardless of the consequences. In China, New Guinea, the Philippines and other places, a large number of Japanese pilots have been shot down because they are still trying to abide by those inapplicable regulations, but the biggest feature of aviation is flexibility. Rigid dogmas and orders undoubtedly bound the pilot's hands and feet. On the contrary, Germany's entrusted command, that is, the superior commander only instructs to attack the target, and how to accomplish it is the matter of the subordinate commander, which is convenient for making corresponding operational arrangements according to the actual situation of the battlefield. Therefore, the German Air Force won a brilliant victory at the beginning of World War II. There are also the performance of Japanese aircraft and the training of pilots. At the beginning of the war, the Japanese army relied on elite pilots and light high-mobility aircraft, but as the war progressed, the Japanese pilots and aircraft suffered huge losses. At the beginning of the war, the main fighter of the Japanese army was Zero Fighter, which was characterized by light fuselage, low wing loading, good maneuverability and weak protection. It was naturally powerful in the hands of skilled pilots, which made American F4F feel at a loss at the beginning of the war. However, after understanding the weakness of the Zero fighter, the US military developed it. Although Japan has also developed new fighters, the number is too small, and the zero type is still the main force, which naturally suffers a big loss. Moreover, American pilots are well trained. Even if pilots are badly needed at the front, they must receive air combat training for at least one year. With the loss of elite pilots, the quality of Japanese follow-up pilots has seriously declined. At the same time, due to the limited fuel supply, the training of pilots is also seriously inadequate.

Other reasons:

Japan's national strength is insufficient:

As we all know, Japan is an island country, lacking in resources, especially oil. 1944 10 10 On 25th, Admiral Kenan Suda had occupied a proper position in Monte Bay, which might defeat General MacArthur's weak offensive forces and change the course of the campaign. But only forty miles before landing on the beach, Su Dian suddenly turned and left. After the war, a Japanese admiral was asked why. He replied, "Because there is not enough fuel." The depletion of oil reserves has also begun to affect various strategic decisions, leading to increasingly serious destructive consequences. 1in the battle of mariana islands in June, 944, Japanese warships did not participate in the war because of lack of fuel. In addition, in order to save fuel, the aircraft carrier no longer detours but directly approaches the US military. A Japanese commander later said, "Using a longer route will consume too much fuel." Direct attack is an expensive way of fighting. As a result, in this battle called "Mariana Turkey Hunting", the Japanese army lost 173 planes, while the American army lost only 29. Because of the victory in the battle of Mariana Islands, Americans finally entered the core circle of Japanese defense. Desperate for fuel, the navy launched a whimsical campaign to dig the roots of pine trees. Under the guidance of the slogan "200 pine roots can make the plane fly in the air for an hour", people on all islands of the island began to dig pine roots. The children were sent to the suburbs to find their roots. After 12 hours of heating, pine roots produced crude oil substitutes. Compared with Japan's rival in the Pacific, the United States, Japan's national strength is simply not worth mentioning.

The coordination and command of various services is weak;

For example, in the Battle of Guadao in 1942, both the army and the navy had serious departmentalism, and there was no coordination at all. The army's general attack on the island failed to cooperate with the navy; And the naval fleet attack, also don't cooperate with the army's attack, also can't play the power of Lu Haijun coordinated operations. For example, during the entire Battle of Guadao, the contradiction between Lu Haijun was never well resolved, which led to the scene of fighting in isolation. Moreover, because the navy and the air force have two independent radar systems, the US military can easily shuttle between the radars of the two armies without being discovered.

Bushido spirit:

Bushido spirit is unique to Japan, and it is really good in the short term. For example, the army is brave and fights bloody battles regardless of casualties, but it is very harmful in the long run. Because military commanders (especially commanders of grass-roots units) are proud of being mutually assured destruction with their subordinates, if they are defeated, some commanders even commit suicide by caesarean section to apologize. In the long run, the army will be seriously short of commanders. The commander's command ability is acquired through long-term actual combat experience, which can't be learned in military schools and is an indispensable and precious asset of the army. In the later period of the war, Japan carried out crazy expansion in order to fight a decisive battle at home, only to find that there was a serious shortage of commanders and the combat effectiveness of the army plummeted, which was purely a rabble.

Understanding of war;

Japan has no clear understanding of Japan in the world and Japan in Asia. In order to cope with the changing situation at that time, Japan stuck to the details but lost the overall situation. Japan's attempt to conquer the world's "Tanaka Memorial Hall" is very stupid. Originally, Japan had a sense of terror towards Russia and hoped that Manchuria and North Korea would be "pro-Japanese", but later it changed. Especially in dealing with relations with China, Japan refused to give up its vested interests in China and finally fell into the quagmire of collapse. Despise the strength and the possibility of victory of national independence movements in China and Korea. Finally, after falling into the above predicament, Japan did not choose to "withdraw its troops from China", but began to "resist the United States" like giving up on itself. In the confrontation between the democratic and free state system and the authoritarian state system, the advantages of the former lie in its flexible fighting ability, the persistence of people's fighting consciousness and public support. In addition, the gap between Japan and the United States in resources, food and other materials is self-evident. Even if the above factors are ignored, the front line extending from Asia to the South Pacific cannot establish real-time contact between frontline soldiers and the command center. On the other hand, Japan hopes to crowd out the war led by Britain, the United States and the Netherlands in Asia, and there is so-called justice among imperialist countries. But for China and other Asian countries, there is no doubt that the Japanese are invading, and they can't get the support of the local people. This is also an important reason for his failure.