1. Vegetable price situation
1. 1 year price change
From 200 1 to 2005, the comprehensive average retail price of vegetables was 1.55 yuan. Among them, the comprehensive average retail price of vegetables was 2001.in 27 yuan, and in 20021.in 23 yuan, it reached a peak of 2. 14 yuan in 2005 (the vegetable price in 20061-May was slightly lower than that in the same period in 2005), from the trough to the peak. If the data is extended, the last peak in 0997 was 1.6 1 yuan, and the price dropped slightly to 1.56 yuan in 1998, and then the price gradually went to the bottom, reaching the lowest in 2002. From 1997 to now, 97-98 is a relative peak, which went down in 1999-00, and 0 1-02 reached a relative low point, went up in 2003-04 and entered a peak in 2005. The time from peak to peak is 8 years.
1.2 seasonal price changes
Judging from the seasonal price changes in five years, winter is the season with the highest vegetable price, followed by autumn, spring and summer. Winter is 56.7% higher than summer.
1.3 month price change
The five-year comprehensive monthly average price is 1.57 yuan, and the prices in 1 February are: February,1month, September, March, April,1February, August and 165438. The highest monthly price is 48.3% higher than the lowest monthly price.
1.4 position price change
According to the investigation of seven locations in three districts, four counties, the vegetable price in Lianyun District is the highest 2.69 yuan, followed by guannan county 2. 15 yuan, Guanyun 2. 18 yuan, Xinpu 2.09 yuan, Haizhou 2.0 1 yuan, Ganyu 1.99 yuan and Donghai/kloc. The price of vegetables in Lianyun District is 38% higher than that in Donghai County.
1.5 price changes of main varieties
According to incomplete statistics, the prices of main vegetables in our city from high to low are: baked beans, long beans, green peppers, leeks, cucumbers, spinach, tomatoes, small vegetables, onions, eggplant, celery, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, radishes and onions. The highest price of varieties is 285% higher than the lowest price.
2 Analysis of main related factors
The main factors that affect the changes of vegetable prices in our city are policy, seasonality, climate, regionality and variety, which interact, influence and restrict each other. It should be said that policy factors have a greater impact on market prices, and other factors have a greater impact on price changes. In addition to these five factors, there are domestic and international market demand, internal and external quality of products, supply of means of production and so on. This also plays a certain role in the rise and fall of vegetable prices, so I won't elaborate here.
2. 1 Effect of policies on vegetable prices
Before the 1990s, the city's vegetable area was 300,000 mu, and vegetable production was mainly based on production and marketing, so no matter how many vegetables were produced, they could be sold in the market. After entering the 1990s, the planting structure was adjusted and the ratio of grain to economy was set at 6: 4. Slogans such as "changing grain into vegetables, getting rich quickly" and "greenhouses are banks" are well known, and vegetable areas are developing rapidly. By 2000, the vegetable area reached 1.26 million mu, the market was basically saturated, and a few varieties were surplus. By 200 1, the vegetable area was10.4 million mu, and in 2002 it was10.5 million mu. The comprehensive average retail price of vegetables also fell to the lowest price per kilogram 1.23 yuan, which severely hit the accumulation of vegetable farmers. Coupled with the influence of the state on food subsidies after 2004, the area of vegetables decreased in 2004.
2.2 The influence of seasons on vegetable prices
Under normal circumstances, in the hot and cold season, it is not conducive to the growth of vegetables, the market supply is reduced, and the price of vegetables is at a high level all the year round. In our city, low temperature has a great influence on vegetable prices, while high temperature has a relatively small influence on vegetable prices; For example, in February with the lowest temperature, the price of vegetables was also 2.0 1 yuan, while in July with higher temperature, the price of vegetables was 1.04 yuan, up 93% from July. In recent years, due to the popularization and use of solar greenhouse, sunshade net and other protective facilities, the improvement of production technology and the introduction of new varieties, the seasonal difference in prices has become smaller, and the phenomenon of spring drought and lodging has basically disappeared. However, when a large number of vegetables came on the market in June and July, rotten vegetables appeared and the price of vegetables fell sharply.
2.3 the impact of natural disasters on vegetable prices
Natural disasters mainly include heavy rain, strong wind, heavy snow and freezing. , has a significant impact on price changes. For example, on the evening of August 1 2005, there was a sudden rainstorm accompanied by strong wind in our city. By the morning of the 2 nd, the rainfall in urban areas was more than 200 mm, the rainfall in serious towns was more than 400 mm, and the deepest flooded vegetable fields were more than 1 m; On August 7th, under the influence of Typhoon No.9, heavy winds and rainstorms hit the port cities continuously, resulting in the price of vegetables rising by 60% compared with the same period in 2004 and 39% compared with that in July of the same year. The price of small vegetables reached the highest level in history per kilogram 10 yuan.
2.4 the impact of geographical location on vegetable prices
Mainly in two aspects: first, the area factor; Donghai County, for example, is the main vegetable producing area, covering an area of 400,000 mu, accounting for one-third of the city, while the soil in Lianyun District is not suitable for growing vegetables because of its high salt content, with a total area of less than 1 10,000 mu. Second, the special geographical location; For example, Lianyun District only relies on ports, and there are more than six large transfer stations. There is also Tianwan Nuclear Power Station, a large national enterprise, which is a tourist attraction in Jiangsu Province. The population is relatively dense, with high-grade hotels and restaurants 10. Its large consumption and high consumption level determine that vegetable prices must run at high prices.
2.5 the impact of varieties on vegetable prices
From the investigation of varieties and their prices, it is analyzed that beans, long beans, cauliflower, garlic moss and so on. Because they have a long growth period and a small area; Lotus root has a long listing period and strong adjustability; Leek, spinach, small vegetables, water spinach, black vegetables and other varieties, because of the small area, not resistant to transportation; Edible fungi, radishes, celery and garlic seedlings are mainly caused by factors such as their small area, which makes these varieties run at a high level for a long time. Green pepper, cucumber, tomato, lettuce, onion, eggplant, potato, bract, bamboo shoot melon, green radish, watermelon melon, wax gourd, Chinese cabbage, carrot, onion and other varieties, because of the large planting area, the price has been low for a long time, and sometimes it rises and falls due to external uncertainties. Overall analysis, the variety structure adjustment is not good, the planting area of main road varieties is large, the supply is large, and the supply exceeds demand. Coupled with the increase in circulation marketing costs, market competitiveness is not strong, and prices are difficult to rise. For example, Chinese cabbage and tomatoes are about 200 1 kg 0.2 yuan; However, some small varieties are not paid enough attention to, the area is small and the protection is weak, which leads to a sharp rise in prices. For example, in August 2005, the price of small vegetables was 10 yuan per kilogram.
3. Corresponding countermeasures
3. 1 Adjust the layout based on the market, and implement the regionalization, extroversion, specialization and high efficiency of vegetable production. The four counties insist on producing bulk vegetables that are resistant to storage and transportation and suitable for processing and export, such as onions and garlic; In urban areas, small varieties and leafy vegetables, such as small vegetables and leeks, are the mainstay. Increase the area of winter and autumn vegetables according to local conditions, especially planting vegetables that can be listed in June, February and March; Appropriately reduce the area of vegetables in spring and summer, especially vegetables that can be listed in May, June and July. However, great attention should be paid in production to prevent rushing headlong into action. Vegetables with high prices last year may not be high this year. Vegetables with low prices last year may feel good this year.
3.2 Variety collocation Due to seasonal reasons, a single production variety will increase the labor intensity of production management, operation and sales, resulting in failure to sow, manage, harvest and sell in time; If you encounter bad weather again, it is easy to form a "one hammer" sale and increase production risks. Therefore, when arranging production, choosing multiple varieties to plant in rows can not only reduce labor intensity, but also seize the time to go public, increase income and reduce market risks.
3.3 Fixed production by sales At present, due to the rapid expansion of vegetable area and the increase of varieties, all kinds of vegetables are dazzling all year round, which greatly enriches the residents' "food basket" and consumers' tastes are quietly changing. "Talking about nature, nutrition, health care and novelty" has become a fashion. We should develop the production of wild vegetables, seaweed, alpine vegetables, water lettuce, healthy vegetables, exotic vegetables, mushroom vegetables, export vegetables and other vegetables, such as shepherd's purse, sea cherry vegetables, bracken, horseradish, Euryale euryales, asparagus, flying saucer melons, mushrooms and mugwort leaves, according to this change in the market and the local characteristics of Lianyungang.
3.4 Improving quality is always the theme of market competition. Only by improving the quality can the products be invincible in the domestic and foreign markets with strong hands. Quality includes internal quality and external quality. Intrinsic quality means that the harmful substances contained in the product do not exceed the standard, such as heavy metals, nitrates, organophosphorus and harmful organisms. External quality refers to the cleanliness, uniformity and good selling equality of products, such as no sediment, no yellow leaves, the same size, fresh and delicious. Only when the internal and external quality are improved can the product sell at a good price.
3.5 "Three Updates and Three Updates" refers to the update of varieties, technologies and knowledge, which is an important means to improve the output, quality and income in production. In terms of varieties, we should pay attention to the introduction test and promotion of new varieties at home and abroad, such as: Israeli tomato 189, Jinyou 30 cucumber, Sujiao series pepper, Guangdong cucumber, Hong Kong onion series onion, Xuzhou white garlic, Jiangsi Luffa 1, Xinke seedless watermelon No.2, Jing Tian melon 1, Xiaolan gift melon, and so on. Techniques such as anti-season cultivation, water-saving by spray and drip irrigation, grafting and root replacement of melons, soil testing and formula fertilization, carbon dioxide fertilization, pollution-free standardized cultivation, high-yield cultivation of protected vegetables in summer, and rotation and interplanting to improve multiple cropping index were applied. In terms of knowledge, through the network, books and newspapers, lectures, training courses and other opportunities, we will constantly strengthen our understanding of new varieties and technologies and improve our vegetable cultivation management, pest control and marketing capabilities.
3.6 Collecting information In the process of vegetable production and marketing, we need information about what varieties to plant, what new technologies to use, what the market needs and what prices to sell. By participating in trade associations, agricultural fairs, trade fairs, order fairs, newspapers and magazines, internet, television and radio, and organizing scientific and technological trips to the countryside and docking assistance by the government and relevant departments, we can obtain needed information, guide production and sales, and reduce production, circulation and market risks.