This war is of great significance not only to ancient Greece, but also to history itself. It is the first historical fact recorded scientifically and historically: the Greek historian Thucydides recorded these events in detail in his History of the Peloponnesian War. This record ended in the winter 4 1 1 years ago. Thucydides analyzed the causes and background of this war, and his analysis was a pioneer in European history. After Thucydides, Xenophon continued Thucydides' work in his Ciro, recording the events after the first 4 1 1 year. It is worth noting that the ancient Greeks did not call this war the Peloponnesian War, but the name was given by later people. Thucydides himself called it the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians: "Thucydides in Athens recorded the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians. He started his record when the war broke out. He thought that this war might be very important, and it might be more historic than previous wars. He thinks so because the two sides of the war exhausted all means, and other Greek cities participated in the war sooner or later. The war deeply affected Greece and some barbarians. It can be said that this war has affected the entire human society. "
The Peloponnesian War was a very cruel war, during which internal affairs and diplomacy were closely linked. Athens lost its status as a great power. But the end of the war has also brought people many new hopes, especially people want peace and freedom. Xenophon described Athens' surrender in this way: "After Athens accepted the peace treaty, Lysander entered Piraeus. Those exiled people returned to their homes, and with the sound of flutes, everyone happily began to tear down the city walls, because everyone believed that freedom in Greece began on this day. " The "Long Wall" was demolished and the Tyrol League was dissolved. The fleet of Athens was handed over except the 12 ship. In Athens, a pro-Spartan oligarchy came to power (although it was abolished in the first 403 years). Pro-Spartan governments were established in all parts of the Aegean Sea, and Sparta stationed troops everywhere. Although Corinth and Thebes wanted to destroy Athens, Athens was not destroyed because Sparta did not want to leave a power vacuum. Sparta also had its own difficulties: it intervened in the battlefield under the slogan of freedom and autonomy, but sold the cities of Asia Minor to Persia. Now it doesn't want to give these cities to Persia, so it has to fight Persia. Persia is the biggest beneficiary of this war. The war between Persia and Sparta didn't end until 386 years ago. The classical golden age of Greece ended after the "Ancient World War", which involved all countries from Sicily to Asia Minor. The Peloponnesian War was a turning point in Greek history. The Greek city-state has been unstable before, and the equilibrium relationship has been completely broken. Although Athens was able to rebuild the Tyrol League in the 4th century, it was still much inferior to the first League. However, Sparta's hegemony lasted only a few decades, but since then it has never returned to the pre-war situation. At the end of this development process, the ambitious King Philip II of Macedonia appeared.