Qiao Dazhuang, whose real name is Zeng Shao, is a strong husband and laborer, and his name is Zhuang Weng at night. His room name is Bo Wailou. Huayang, Sichuan (now Shuangliu County, Chengdu). Born in 1892. Qiao School is an academic school and enjoys a high reputation in Shu. Qiao Dazhuang's grandfather was appointed as the censor of Jiangnan Road during the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, and he was famous in the ruling and opposition because the Qing court killed more than 2,000 citizens by mistake in the "Huangya Massacre" in Shandong. During Guangxu period, when he was an official in the Ministry of Punishment, he participated in the political reform of Kang and Liang. The Reform Movement of 1898 failed, and six gentlemen were killed, Liu Guangdi and Yang Rui, Sichuanese, who bravely moved the capital. Martyr Tan Sitong left a poem entitled "Looking at the door and thinking of James Zhang, waiting for Du Gan with patience". The famous poem "I laugh at the sky with a horizontal knife, and stay in Kunlun Mountain with courage" was also copied and circulated by him.
Qiao Dazhuang's father died young, that is, his grandfather raised him to supervise the church, so he began to study very early, inherited the family background, and was deeply influenced by his grandfather's ideological and moral sentiments. As a teenager, he was educated in Su Ming, Chengdu. He served as an assistant to Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Huguang, and later served as a judge in Wuchang. Mr. Gu has laid a solid foundation in classics, elementary school, philosophers, literature and calligraphy. When western learning spread to the east, Qiao Dazhuang was admitted to Shi Jing Translation Institute (the predecessor of Peking University), specializing in French until graduation. At this time, Qiao Dazhuang has won the admiration of senior scholars Zhu Xiaozang and Gu Hongming. In the 1920s, he cooperated with Xu Bingchang to translate the famous Polish writer Where are you going? From the French version. Published by the Commercial Press.
In the early years of the Republic of China, Qiao Dazhuang was an editor of the Ministry of Education and was highly valued by Mr. Lu Xun, who was still a prostitute at that time. Lu Xun is good at rubbings. At that time, Beijing was a place where famous calligraphers gathered, but he invited Qiao Dazhuang, who was 1 1 years younger than himself, and wrote a self-edited poem, "Don't push, don't be afraid?" The first sound ",when the eyes know. Today, this couplet is still hanging in the museum of Lu Xun's former residence in Beijing. Reading Lu Xun's diary, there are at least five references to Qiao Dazhuang, which shows the profound friendship.
From 65438 to 0927, Qiao Dazhuang went to Nanchang to assist Zhou Enlai in his work and was influenced by the revolution. After the Nanchang Uprising, he was forced to return to Beijing because of family fatigue and ancestral training. After returning to Beijing, all ancestral land contracts will be burned to show a break with the exploiting classes and oppose the desire to get something for nothing.
Mr. Qiao Dazhuang has profound attainments in classical literature, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting. His poems are gloomy and lingering, beautiful and beautiful, catching up with Tang and Song Dynasties. Wang Xuchu and Tang Guizhang, masters of Ci poetry, also praised Qiao Dazhuang as a "flying general synonymous with the altar". Qiao Dazhuang is good at seal cutting, copying Qin and Han Dynasties, and inheriting Huang Shiling all the way in Qing Dynasty. He has an antique style and is called "South Qiao and North Qi" with Qi Baishi. His calligraphy works, praised by the times, integrate poetry, calligraphy and printing, and are called "three musts". He has been a professor of art department and a professor of ci in Central University, and enjoys a high reputation in the cultural and artistic circles.
Mr. Qiao Dazhuang is a typical scholar and artist who is self-disciplined, not outdated and upright. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, his family moved to the countryside of Chongqing, where he lived a poor life of growing vegetables and printing for the people. When he heard that his good friend Professor Xu Senyu was trapped in the occupied area of Shanghai, he refused to take a fake job and had a hard life, so he resolutely sent all his savings to Xu Senyu.
During the national disaster, Mr. Qiao Dazhuang worked in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Supervision Institute successively because of his livelihood and Mr. Yu Youren's elegance. But always live an honest and clean life and never go with the flow. On one occasion, Bai Chongxi asked him to write a preface to celebrate Chiang Kai-shek's 60th birthday, but he refused to praise Chiang Kai-shek. And sighed angrily: "I regret studying, so I was driven back by my classmates!" " "Bai Chongxi insisted on pleading, but he couldn't refuse. On the contrary, he skillfully added four rhymes to the preface of a poem written by a minister, making it 60, saying it was a birthday wish. Bai was overjoyed, but after reading the whole article, he found that there was sarcasm in the poem, so he changed several condemnation words. After knowing this, Qiao Dazhuang protested to Bai Chongxi, saying, "You are the chief of staff, and I am a professor of literature, and each has its own route. If you tamper with my writing, I can tamper with your battle plan, right? " Bai Chongxi was too embarrassed to speak, so he had to let nature take its course and become a much-told story for a while.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Qiao Dazhuang returned to Nanjing with Central University and was forced to drop out of school after upholding justice. 1947 In the summer, at the invitation of Lu Zhihong, a leading university in Taiwan Province, I went to Taiwan to teach alone. In Taiwan Province Province, he participated in the anti-hunger and anti-civil war democratic progress movement with famous professors Xu Shoushang and Ma Zongrong, and was hated by the authorities. They are in a very difficult position. /kloc-0 In the spring of 948, Qian Zhongshu and historian Li Xuanbo traveled to Taiwan Province Province. In Taiwan Province, it was Qiao Dazhuang who followed the murdered Xu Shoushang as the head of the Chinese Department. Because of Li Xuanbo's introduction, Qian Zhongshu went to the apartment of Bo Wailou to visit Qiao Dazhuang with a gift for the younger generation. The two met very happily. Qiao Dazhuang warmly hosted Li Heqian and * * * Yong. In his later years, Qian Zhongshu recalled his calligraphy relationship with Mr. Qiao Dazhuang, and he was also saddened by it. He said, "After that, ask him about it." Resist the mourning thought that people will be separated forever, mourning and nostalgia for the past, and mourning for the past. At that time, Mr. Qiao Dazhuang was rejected by the authorities for supporting the student movement in Taiwan Province Province, and then he left his job and moved to Shanghai and Nanjing. At this time, Qiao Dazhuang deeply felt how difficult the country was, how dark the society was and how difficult the people's livelihood was. Pity and cynicism tortured his noble soul, so he sank under Suzhou Meicun Bridge on July 3, 1948, at the age of 56. The next day, his body was found in the river, with a business card hanging on it, which said "Be responsible" and another piece of paper as "Pay the cremation fee quickly." Mr. Wang's body was cremated in Lingyanshan Temple in June 5438+02, and was buried in Panjiagouzu, Huayang in May 5438+065438+ 10 this year.
Joe is strong and self-destructive, and there have been signs before. His good friend and writer Tai Jingnong once recalled that since the New Year's Eve of 1948, Qiao Dazhuang "lived on wine twice". Once, Joe pointed to a beautiful painted pottery jar he had just found in an antique shop, looked around his friends and said, "This is for my ashes." Everyone laughed and thought it was a joke, only to find out that it was a prophecy.
Wujiang Qiao, the daughter of Qiao Dazhuang, recalled:1On July 2, 948, Joe talked with her all night and said, "The only job that this society allows me to do is to participate in the civil war and do things that are unfavorable to the country. I would rather die than do injustice for food. " From the next morning, Qiao Dazhuang "visited relatives and friends, with a calm expression as usual" and "unexpectedly, it was a farewell".
In the 6th issue of Literature magazine published in June, 1948+065438+ published Qiao Dazhuang's eulogy signed "Fang Hui", and commented: "Today is no longer an easy era for dynasties, but two eras and two cultures compete there ... The so-called intellectuals are the most worried and depressed. There is a school, reluctant to leave the old; For the new, I am at a loss and confused; If the will is weak, the woman who drinks will die; If you are strong-willed, you will be born. "
In recent years, with the support of relevant departments and publishing houses, with the unremitting efforts of Wujiang Qiao, the second daughter of Mr. Dazhuang, and with the assistance of Wu Zhangshu, a famous scholar, poet and calligrapher in his later years, Mr. Zhuang's posthumous works, Poems of Da Qiao Zhuang, Ci Collection of Da Qiao Zhuang, Calligraphy of Da Qiao Zhuang and Seal Carvings of Da Qiao Zhuang have been published one after another. For us to understand a generation of patriotic literati, carry forward Bashu literature and art, make a contribution to Jiahui Shilin, and also comfort Mr. Qiao Dazhuang in the grave.