Japanese army imperial army

group

The infantry squad has a machine gun group (two light machine guns), a grenade launcher group (two grenade launchers) and two rifle groups. Each light machine gun is equipped with four people (commander, shooter and two assistant shooters with ammunition), and each Grenade launcher is equipped with two people. The number of teams is between 50 and 70. By 1945, only a light machine gun and a Grenade launcher were left in the infantry class.

Infantry gun squad, two 70mm infantry guns.

unconventional

The infantry squadron has three infantry classes, with a number of 194 to 250 people. A standard Japanese infantry squadron with 180 personnel includes: a squadron with 19 personnel: squadron leader, executive officer, 3 non-commissioned officers, 4 medics, officer orderly, trumpeter and 8 communicators), and the above-mentioned three squads with 54 personnel.

Large group

Similar to the establishment of our legion.

A standard 1 100 brigade of the Japanese army includes a brigade headquarters with 30 people and a transport squadron with 1 10 people (carts and mules and horses). Some brigades have merged their transport squadrons into the United front. The four infantry squadrons mentioned above (some only have three); A machine gun squadron of 174 people (squadron headquarters 14 people, 3 machine gun squadrons, 1 ammunition squadrons), with 4 heavy machine guns in each row, totaling 12 (some squadrons only have 8); A 55-man artillery squad (1 10-man artillery squad, 15-man ammunition squad, two15-man artillery squads each equipped with 1 70mm 92 infantry guns), and very few troops are equipped with/kloc-0. Fortunately, among these small artillery squadrons, some units that can be equipped with 20MM anti-tank guns can be organized into 4 teams with 24 people and equipped with 2 anti-tank guns. In this case, the ammunition team will be expanded to 39 people.

Wing (of the air force)

A standard 3,800-man wing of the Japanese Army includes a 54-man headquarters; A 12 1 person (carts, mules and horses) transport supplies for one day from the joint command and its squadron directly under it, and a field kitchen that may be equipped with a chef; 8 1 person ammunition squad, carrying ammunition for one day. Three infantry brigades; An artillery squadron 122 personnel, including a squadron headquarters with 25 personnel, 1 observation class, an ammunition class with 3 1 personnel, and three artillery classes with 3 1 personnel (each with two artillery classes 15 personnel and equipment1) Several wings have an artillery brigade of 364 people and two squadrons of 170 people, each with four guns. Joint anti-tank squadron 122 personnel: 20 personnel from the squadron headquarters, 2/KLOC-0 personnel from the ammunition squad and 33 personnel from three artillery squadrons (each equipped with two 37mm anti-tank guns). The communication squadron has a telephone class (4-6 telephone classes, each class has 3 telephones and a switch) and a radio class (5-8 radio stations). During the battle, telephones and radio stations were assigned to each brigade and each directly affiliated team. The sanitary system of the wing is very weak. There are only two doctors and two medics in the wing, three doctors and four medics in the brigade and four medics in the squadron.

travel

A division is generally composed of two infantry brigades, and each infantry brigade has two infantry wings.

separate

It is similar to the establishment of our army group army, about 25-30 thousand people.

Japanese divisions mainly include: 3 infantry wings, 1 field artillery wing, 1 reconnaissance wing, 1 engineer wing, 1 transport wing and 1 communication team. There are 2,322 field artillery regiments and 688 artillery brigades under its jurisdiction, each equipped with 12 75mm field artillery or mountain artillery. Only some divisions replaced one of the brigades with105mm guns. The reconnaissance wing consists of 730 people, including a wing 130 people, a cavalry squadron 130 people (30 people in four platoons), two motorized squadrons 160 people, 1 truck transport squadron 100 people (at least on paper) The engineering wing has a staff of 900- 1000, with almost no mechanical equipment and can only undertake few tasks. More professional tasks are mainly undertaken by the affiliated independent engineering wing. The size of the transport wing usually depends on the number of available trucks. Theoretically, it consists of a truck brigade and a caravan of mules and horses. The truck brigade consists of two or three squadrons, each with a maximum of 50 trucks and a load of 1.5 tons. Many divisions lack trucks, and some don't have them at all. On the whole, a Japanese division has 54 75mm field guns or mountain guns, and a few divisions have replaced the 75mm guns with12105mm guns. As for trucks, the Japanese army has at most 100- 150 trucks. The infantry division belongs to the cavalry regiment: it has two cavalry squadrons, each equipped with a 128 horse rifle.

Cavalry wing

There are 4 cavalry squadrons, each with 1 19 horse rifles, 2 light machine guns, 1 heavy machine gun squadrons, 2 subordinate squadrons and 4 heavy machine guns. In addition, I attach 1945 the establishment of the 4th Brigade of Japanese cavalry: brigade department, 15 personnel, 80 guard squadrons, 30 communication classes, 20 confidential personnel, * * * 145 recruits, first-class soldiers and second-class soldiers (the above are soldiers, but our army only has private soldiers and first-class soldiers.

Sergeant, sergeant, Cao Chang (above are non-commissioned officers, respectively equivalent to corporal, sergeant and staff sergeant of our army 99 years ago);

Non-commissioned officers (this is the epaulettes of cadets, not the ranks);

Special agent Cao Chang (graduate student without a title, that is, foreign military warrant officer);

Second lieutenant, lieutenant and captain (above are junior officers, respectively equivalent to second lieutenant, lieutenant and captain of our army);

Shao Zuo, Zhong Zuo, and Da Zuo (the above are assistant officials, respectively equivalent to major, lieutenant colonel and colonel of our army);

Major General, Lieutenant General and General (the above are general officers, which are equivalent to our major general, lieutenant general and general respectively);

Marshal (not the actual rank, the Japanese army does not have the official rank of marshal. Marshal is an honorary title awarded by the Emperor to a senior general with outstanding military achievements, and is officially called "Army/Admiral of the fleet". It's a bit like "military senator", but it's rare. )

Army commanders-generals or lieutenant generals (a few generals); Division head-lieutenant general or major general (less major general); The head of the brigade-Major General; Captain.-Colonel

It is basically consistent with the rankings and grades of other countries (originally imitating Germany). The Japanese army called the Self-Defense Force, which was rebuilt and developed with the support of the United States after World War II. With the rapid strengthening of Japan's economic strength, Japan's army building has made great progress. Under the guidance of the principle of "quality is more important than quantity" and "air and sea priority", the Self-Defense Force has developed into a well-equipped, well-trained and effective armed force.

1945 After Japan's defeat and surrender, it disbanded its army and abolished its military institutions. 1950 After the Korean War broke out, the United States instructed Japan to re-develop its military forces according to its own needs. In the same year, Japan established the "Police Reserve", which was later renamed the Guard, 1952 established the "Maritime Guard", and 1954 newly established the Air Self-Defense Force. In July, the Law on the Establishment of the Defense Agency and the Law on the Self-Defense Forces were promulgated, and the Garrison and the Coast Guard were renamed the Land Self-Defense Forces and the Maritime Self-Defense Forces respectively, and the army, navy and air force were formally established.

The highest commander of the Self-Defense Forces is the Prime Minister, and the highest military decision-making body is the Cabinet Meeting. The "Security Conference" is the highest military deliberation body of the Cabinet. It consists of the Prime Minister, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Finance, the Chief Cabinet Secretary, the Director of National Public Security and the Director of the Defense Agency. It is responsible for reviewing national defense policies, army building plans and handling various emergencies. The defense agency is equivalent to the Ministry of National Defense, and the chief executive is a member of the cabinet. The joint chiefs of staff are composed of the chairman and the chiefs of staff of the armed forces. Responsible for drafting and adjusting the operational, training and logistics plans of the three armed forces, collecting and studying military information, and implementing unified command when two or more armed forces conduct joint operations and exercises. Shi Pomao, Director of the Defense Agency, and Shi Pomao, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The service period of the Ground Self-Defense Force is 2-3 years, and the service period of the Navy and Air Self-Defense Force is 3 years. Generally speaking, according to my wishes, I can extend my service 1 time (2 years). As of March 2002, the Japanese army had 283,000 troops, including about 259,000 soldiers, 24,000 civilians and more than 240,000 soldiers. Among them, the Ground Self-Defense Force is about 1 48,000 people, organized into five teams, with 13 divisions, 2 mixed brigades and1airborne brigades, equipped with about 1050 tanks, 680 armored vehicles and 6,080 guns. The Maritime Self-Defense Force is about 44,000 people, consisting of a joint fleet responsible for mobile operations and five local teams responsible for offshore policing. Equipped with all kinds of ships 142, more than 370,000 tons, and 207 aircraft. The Air Self-Defense Force has about 45,000 people. The main combat force is the aviation unit, which has three aviation units and a 1 aviation mixed regiment, equipped with more than 468 aircraft of various types, including 366 combat aircraft. In addition, it has 30 kinds of missiles (the above equipment figures are as of March 200 1 year). The Self-Defense Forces have more than 53,000 reservists. There are more than 7,000 people in the Defense Agency and directly affiliated institutions. In 2000, the total strength of US troops stationed in Japan was about 40,200.

In 2003, the military budget was about 4.8 trillion yen, accounting for 6% of the total budget of 865.438+0.789 1 billion yen.

Since the 1990s, Japan has sent troops overseas many times. 1991April, the Self-Defense Forces were sent to the Gulf to participate in the demining activities of multinational forces. 1In June, 1992, the Japanese parliament passed the United Nations Peacekeeping Cooperation Act, referred to as the PKO Act, which legally confirmed that the Self-Defense Forces can go abroad to carry out international peacekeeping operations under the auspices of the United Nations. Since 1992, Japan has sent soldiers to Cambodia, Mozambique, the Middle East and other countries and regions to participate in peacekeeping activities. 2001130, the Japanese parliament passed the amendment to the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Cooperation Law, which lifted the restrictions on the Self-Defense Forces' participation in major United Nations peacekeeping operations. On March 2, 2002, 690 land self-defense members were sent to East Timor to participate in peacekeeping operations.

After the "911"incident, the Japanese parliament passed the Anti-Terrorism Special Measures Law on 291October, 2006, and revised the Self-Defense Forces Law and the Coast Guard Law accordingly. Japanese Self-Defense Forces ships arrived in the Indian Ocean in early February to provide logistical support for the US war on terrorism. In April, 2002, the Japanese government officially promulgated the related bill of "emergency legal system" and accelerated the legislative process, aiming at establishing the national response system legally. ■ Japanese ranks are divided into two categories: cadres and Cao Shi. Its cadres are still generals, assistants, captains, third-class and ninth-class, but their titles are different from those of the old Japanese army. Officials are divided into general I, general II and general assistant, which are equivalent to upper, middle and major general respectively. Assistant officers are called First Assistant (Colonel), Second Assistant (Lieutenant Colonel) and Third Assistant (Major); Junior officers are called captains, second lieutenants and third lieutenants. Cao Shi is called a Cao (Staff Sergeant), a Cao (Sergeant), a Cao (Corporal), a Sergeant (First Class), a Sergeant (First Class), a Sergeant (Second Class) and a Sergeant (Third Class). 1970 increase warrant officer, 1980 increase Cao Chang (that is, master sergeant). The ranks of Japanese officers and men are six and eighteen.

■ Comparison table of new and old grade names in Japan

Old Japanese Self-Defense Forces after World War II

General Jiang Yi.

Captain General Jiang Ji.

Major general will make up for it.

Dazu Ichizo

Nakazo Jizuo

Sasuke Sasuke

Dawei, Yiwei

Captain and second lieutenant

Second lieutenant and third commander

warrant officer class i