The unification of the whole country in the Han Dynasty began with the White Snake Uprising of Emperor Gaozu, and then martial arts flourished and spread to Emperor Hengling. In addition, the second emperor was dissolute, the court was corrupt, the eunuchs and consorts fought constantly, the border war continued, the national situation became weaker and weaker, the land was seriously annexed by local landlords, and the people had no foothold. Because of the drought in the country, we couldn't get food and the tax was not reduced, so we left. On March 5th, the 7th year of Han Guanghe (AD 184), the Yellow Scarf Uprising officially broke out.

Second, the process and results of the uprising

Zhang Jiao, the leader of the Yellow Scarf Uprising, was born in Julu, Jizhou (now southwest of Pingxiang, Hebei) and the leader of Taiping Road. He called himself a "great moral teacher" and preached and taught among farmers in the name of preaching and treating diseases. During the period of 10, the number of disciples reached 65438+ 10,000, but it was difficult to organize an uprising of this scale by farmers alone. In the uprising troops spread all over Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu, believers were divided into 36 "phalanxes" of different sizes, with more than 6700 small phalanxes, each with a handsome channel under his unified command. It is very difficult to organize such an organization without the participation of scholars. So at that time, there must have been many literati in society who experienced the disaster of party struggle and chose to live in seclusion because they were disappointed with state affairs. Taiping Dao respected the thought of Huang Lao, but Taoist thought still had considerable influence in the eyes of Han scholars. From this guess, a considerable number of scholars who were dissatisfied with the court joined the Taiping Road in Zhangjiao. It is said that the word "Jia Zi" was written at the entrance of the yamen at that time. This shows that some junior officials support the uprising. Zhang Jiao was also an insider through eunuchs, but because of the traitor's informer, Zhang Jiao sent someone to tell the parties about the uprising one month in advance. So the thirty-six parties "jumped together" and the number reached several hundred thousand. Zhang Jiao called himself "General Heaven", his younger brother Zhang Bao "General Earth" and Sean "General Man". In ten days, the world responded and the capital shook. Later, the imperial court held an emergency meeting, lifted the party block in 15, and sent excellent generals to suppress it. So nine months later, the uprising failed, but after that, the phenomenon of uprising continued to appear everywhere, which lasted for more than 20 years.

Third, the reasons and effects of the failure of the Yellow Scarf Uprising:

? First, the enemy faced by the Yellow Scarf Army is far stronger than expected. After the uprising broke out, not only the huge official army in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also the powerful and weak armed forces from all over the country suppressed the Yellow Scarf Army. Because the peasant uprising harmed the interests of landlords, gentry, businessmen and rich people, they were also willing to contribute to help the imperial court suppress the Yellow Scarf Army. Faced with the crazy suppression of the whole landlord class, they were outnumbered and eventually failed.

Secondly, because the uprising plan was betrayed by traitors, the uprising had to be launched in a hurry, and the mutual cooperation between insurgents in various places was extremely difficult. In particular, the abortion of Luoyang uprising relieved the worries of the Eastern Han government and enabled it to suppress the peripheral rebels with all its strength.

Third, the historical limitations of the peasant uprising. Subjectively speaking, the Yellow Scarf Army lacks military leaders with strategic minds, and the uprising plan is extremely incomplete. After the uprising, the insurgents all over the country did not assemble quickly, but scattered everywhere, fighting independently, even without mutual support and cooperation, and were finally defeated by the government. At the same time, rebel leaders lack military command ability. Zhang Jiao, Sean, Zhang Bao, Cai Bo, Zhang Mancheng, Zhao Hong, Han Zhong, etc. Everyone knows how to stick to one city and one pool, or long-term siege. Anyway, they are all fighting in their own way, fighting against the troops of the Eastern Han Dynasty, not knowing how to use flexible tactics and tactics, taking the initiative to attack, and always being passively beaten until they fail.

Fourth, the generals sent by the Eastern Han Dynasty to suppress the Yellow turban insurrectionary, such as Huang Fusong, Zhu and Cao Cao, are all experts who can recruit good fighters. Their ability to unite troops, command military forces, and use tactics and strategies are higher than those of the leaders of the Yellow Scarf Army, so they can often win more with fewer, and win stronger with weaker ones.

Fifth, although the Yellow Scarf Uprising started as a peasant uprising, it completely deviated from the original purpose after the uprising, killing peasants more crazily than the government at that time, losing the foundation of mass support, completely becoming bandits, without the support of the broad masses of the people, and it was only a matter of time before the government suppressed it and lost the support of the peasants themselves.

Sixth, the main force of the Yellow Scarf Army is farmers, who still adhere to the law of life and the law of combat. Most importantly, the Yellow Scarf Army has no practical political program and action guide. They just did the destroyer of the old times, without thinking or the ability to think about how to build a new era. Its own defects, coupled with the cruel external environment, eventually led to the failure of the yellow turban insurrectionary.

Fourthly, the successful experience of the Yellow Scarf peasant uprising war.

It put forward a clear goal of struggle, that is, to eliminate the regime of the Eastern Han Dynasty and establish its own rule, which played an important role in calling and uniting the people to participate in the uprising.

Propaganda and organization of the uprising in the form of religion paralyzed the government, accumulated strength and made full preparations for the uprising.

The uprising plan was detailed and specific. The so-called "internal and external rise" and "eight States concurrent" reflect this feature. Although the implementation of this uprising plan encountered great difficulties because of the traitor's informant, it was basically implemented after the decisive disposal of the opening angle, which dealt a heavy blow to the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Resolute fighting spirit, unyielding death, daring to attack and sacrifice showed the world the fighting spirit and noble integrity of the uprising soldiers.

5. What is the inspiration and education for our business?

First, the opening angle can identify the main pain points of society at that time. Local tyrants and bullies oppress the people and make them unable to live. Therefore, the most intuitive feeling for ordinary people is that as long as we defeat local tyrants and bullies, we can live a good life. This is exactly the idea and purpose of many small-scale rebels. In fact, the corruption at the highest level of the Eastern Han regime was the root cause of people's poverty. Overthrowing the existing regime and establishing a new order are the pain points of the whole society and the ultimate solution. Zhang Jiao's slogan "Heaven will die, and the sky will stand upright" is aimed at the pain points of the whole society. With clear goals, it will naturally get more support.

Second, the opening angle has successfully captured the hearts of most people. Slogans are not enough. There are many people shouting slogans, but few people really do things well, because people should not only listen to what they say, but also see what they do. At first, Zhang Jiao used his medical skills to treat the people and gained a good reputation. Later, he founded Taiping Dao and spread the idea of persuading people to be good. Many people joined the church. It shows that Zhang Jiao has a strong ability to organize and publicize, and can make full use of the religion with spontaneous communication attributes as a carrier to publicize his own concept of salvation. Moreover, this idea is for the benefit of the public, not for individuals and small groups, so it can win the praise and recognition of the general public and become the basis for launching the uprising later.