Ecological environmental protection is a great cause and grand project that contributes to the present and the future. Persistently doing a good job in ecological environment protection is the need to ensure the healthy development of economy and society and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In order to fully implement the sustainable development strategy, implement the basic national policy of environmental protection, consolidate the achievements of ecological construction, and strive to achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in the motherland, this outline is formulated.

First, the current national ecological environment protection situation

(-) Achievements and existing problems in current ecological environment protection work

1. The national ecological environment protection has made certain achievements. Since the reform and opening up, the Party and the government have attached great importance to environmental protection, adopted a series of major measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, intensified the construction of the ecological environment, and effectively protected and improved the ecological environment in some areas of China. Mainly manifested in: afforestation, soil and water conservation, grassland construction and land improvement and other key ecological projects have made progress; The key prevention and control projects of soil and water conservation in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River were fully implemented; The protection of natural forest resources in key areas and the project of returning farmland to forests and grasslands have been started; A number of different types of nature reserves, scenic spots and forest parks have been established; The pilot demonstration of ecological agriculture and the construction of ecological demonstration areas have developed steadily; The legal system of environmental protection has been gradually improved.

2. The national ecological environment is still facing a grim situation. At present, the trend of ecological environment deterioration in some areas has not been effectively curbed, and the scope of ecological environment damage is expanding, the degree is increasing and the harm is increasing. The outstanding performances are as follows: the deterioration of the ecological environment at the source of major rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River is accelerating, and the important lakes and wetlands along the Yangtze River are shrinking day by day, especially in the northern region, where rivers are cut off, lakes are dried up, and the groundwater level is seriously reduced, which has aggravated the harm of floods, vegetation degradation and land desertification; Overgrazing, excessive reclamation and firewood harvesting in grassland areas, and deforestation in forest areas have led to the destruction of forest and grass vegetation, the decline of ecological functions and the intensification of soil erosion; Excessive exploitation and excavation of mineral resources, especially improper development along rivers, coasts and slopes, lead to frequent geological disasters such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground collapse, settlement and seawater intrusion; The area of wildlife species-rich areas in China has been decreasing, the habitat environment of rare wildlife has deteriorated, the number of precious medicinal wild plants has decreased sharply, and the total amount of biological resources has decreased; Coastal waters are seriously polluted, marine fishery resources are declining, coral reefs and mangroves are destroyed, and coastal erosion is prominent. The continuous deterioration of the ecological environment will seriously affect the sustainable development of China's economy and society and the national ecological environment security.

(B) the current reasons for the deterioration of the ecological environment

3. Unreasonable resource development and utilization is the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment. In some areas, the awareness of environmental protection is not strong, development is more important than protection, construction is more important than maintenance, and resources are exploited and utilized in a predatory and extensive way, which exceeds the carrying capacity of the ecological environment; Some departments and units have weak supervision, lax law enforcement and poor management, which has led to many ecological environment destruction phenomena and aggravated ecological environment degradation. At the same time, the lack of investment in ecological environment protection and construction for a long time is also an important reason for the deterioration of the ecological environment. It is a long-term and arduous task to effectively solve the contradictions and problems of ecological environment protection.

Two. Guiding ideology, basic principles and objectives of national ecological environmental protection

(-) the guiding ideology and basic principles of national ecological environment protection

4. The guiding ideology of national ecological environment protection. Hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, focus on implementing the strategy of sustainable development and promoting the transformation of economic growth mode, aim at improving the quality of ecological environment and safeguarding the national ecological environment security, closely focus on key areas and key ecological environment issues, make unified planning, give classified guidance, promote by regions, strengthen the rule of law, strictly supervise, resolutely crack down on man-made destruction of the ecological environment, mobilize and organize the whole society, protect and improve the natural recovery capacity, consolidate the achievements of ecological construction, and strive to curb the deterioration trend of the ecological environment in order to achieve

5. Basic principles of national ecological environment protection. Adhere to both ecological environment protection and ecological environment construction. While strengthening the construction of ecological environment, we must adhere to the policy of giving priority to protection, giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with control, and completely reverse the passive situation of destruction while building in some areas.

Pay equal attention to pollution prevention and ecological environment protection. It is necessary to give full consideration to the mutual influence and function of regional and river basin environmental pollution and ecological environment destruction, adhere to the unified planning of pollution prevention and ecological environment protection, implement it simultaneously, organically combine urban and rural pollution prevention and ecological environment protection, and strive to realize the integration of urban and rural environmental protection.

Adhere to overall planning, comprehensive decision-making and rational development. Correctly handle the relationship between resource development and environmental protection, and insist on developing in protection and protecting in development. Economic development must follow the laws of nature, unify short-term and long-term, and give consideration to local and overall situation. The carrying capacity of the ecological environment must be fully considered in resource development activities, and immediate and local economic benefits must not be exchanged at the expense of the ecological environment.

Adhere to the system of who develops and protects, who destroys and restores, and who uses and pays. It is necessary to clarify the rights, responsibilities and interests of ecological environment protection and make full use of legal, economic, administrative and technical means to protect the ecological environment.

(B) the goal of national ecological environmental protection

6. The goal of national ecological environmental protection is to curb the destruction of the ecological environment and reduce the harm of natural disasters through ecological environmental protection; Promote the rational and scientific utilization of natural resources and realize the virtuous circle of natural ecosystem; Safeguard the national ecological environment security and ensure the sustainable development of the national economy and society.

Short-term goals. By 20 10, the trend of ecological environment destruction was basically contained. Build a number of ecological function protection zones, and strive to protect and restore the ecosystems and ecological functions of major river source areas such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, important lakes and wetlands in the Yangtze River and Songhua River basins, southwest and northwest regions, important oases in the northwest, key prevention and protection areas for soil and water conservation and key supervision areas; While doing a good job in the construction and management of existing nature reserves, we should pay close attention to the construction of a number of new nature reserves to effectively protect various good natural ecosystems and important species; Establish and improve the ecological environment protection supervision system, so that the ecological environment protection measures can be effectively implemented, all kinds of development activities in key resource development zones are carried out in strict accordance with the plan, and the recovery rate of ecological environment damage is greatly improved; Strengthen the construction of ecological demonstration areas and eco-agricultural counties, and some counties (cities, districts) in China will basically realize a virtuous circle of beautiful mountains and rivers and natural ecosystems.

Long-term goals. By 2030, comprehensively curb the deterioration of the ecological environment, effectively protect the ecological environment of important ecological function areas, species-rich areas and key resource development zones, and improve the ecological environment of the first-class tributary source areas of major water systems and national key protected wetlands; Some important ecosystems have been rebuilt and restored; 50% of counties (cities, districts) in China have achieved a virtuous circle of beautiful mountains and rivers and natural ecosystems, and more than 30% of cities have reached the standards of eco-city and garden city. By 2050, we will strive to improve the national ecological environment in an all-round way, achieve a clean urban and rural environment and a virtuous circle of natural ecosystems, and achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in most parts of the country.

Three, the main contents and requirements of the national ecological environment protection

(A) the ecological environment protection of important ecological function areas

7. Establish ecological function protection zones. Important ecological functional areas, such as river headwaters, important water conservation areas, key prevention and protection areas and key supervision areas for soil and water conservation, river flood storage areas, windbreak and sand fixation areas and important fishery waters, play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of river basins and regions, alleviating natural disasters, and ensuring national and regional ecological environment safety. The existing vegetation and natural ecosystems in these areas should be strictly protected, ecological function protection zones should be established, and protection measures should be implemented to prevent the destruction of the ecological environment and the degradation of ecological functions. Important ecological function areas across provinces, key river basins and key regions, and the establishment of national ecological function protection zones; Cross-regional (city) and county (city) important ecological function areas, and establish provincial, prefecture (city) level ecological function protection areas.

8. Take the following protective measures for ecological function protection areas: stop all development activities and other man-made sabotage activities that lead to the continuous degradation of ecological functions; Stop all construction projects that cause serious environmental pollution; Strictly control population growth, and if the population in the region has exceeded the carrying capacity, necessary immigration measures should be taken; Change the extensive mode of production and management, take the road of eco-economic development, combine the measures of ecological environment construction, seriously organize the reconstruction and restoration of damaged important ecosystems, and curb the deterioration trend of ecological environment as soon as possible.

9. The establishment of various ecological function protection zones shall be reviewed by environmental protection departments at all levels in conjunction with relevant departments and reported to the government at the same level for approval. The management of ecological function protected areas is mainly based on local governments, and national ecological function protected areas can be managed by institutions designated by provincial governments. Among them, after being approved by the national unified planning, the provinces will manage according to their territories; Governments at all levels should actively support the construction of ecological function protection zones; Agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, environmental protection, land and resources and other relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, strengthen supervision over the management, protection and construction of ecological function reserves.

(B) the protection of ecological environment in the development of key resources

10. Effectively strengthen the environmental management of important natural resources such as water, land, forests, grasslands, oceans and minerals, and strictly protect the ecological environment in the development and utilization of resources. The development of all kinds of natural resources must abide by relevant laws and regulations, and fulfill the procedures of ecological environmental impact assessment according to law; The key construction projects of resource development must prepare soil and water conservation plans, otherwise construction may not start.

1 1. Eco-environmental protection of water resources development and utilization. The development and utilization of water resources should be based on the overall consideration of the whole basin, with a comprehensive balance between production, living and ecological water use, equal emphasis on open source and throttling, priority on throttling, scientific open source and comprehensive utilization on the basis of pollution control. Establish a control system for high-water consumption projects in water-deficient areas, gradually adjust high-water consumption industries in water-deficient areas, stop building new high-water consumption projects, and ensure ecological water use in river basins. In river basins and areas where rivers are cut off, lakes are shrinking and groundwater is overexploited, new water storage, water diversion and irrigation projects that aggravate the imbalance of water balance should be stopped; Reasonable control of groundwater exploitation to achieve a balance between exploitation and compensation; In areas where groundwater is seriously over-exploited, the forbidden mining area of groundwater should be demarcated, and unreasonable pumping facilities should be cleaned up to prevent large-scale underground funnels and ground collapse. Continue to strengthen the control of sulfur dioxide and acid rain, and rationally develop, utilize and protect atmospheric water resources; For lakes and rivers reclaimed without authorization, it is necessary to return farmland to lakes and water within a time limit. Through scientific monitoring and evaluation and functional zoning, standardize the sewage discharge permit system and the sewage outlet management system. It is strictly forbidden to dump garbage and construction and industrial wastes into water bodies, further intensify the control of water pollution, especially key rivers and lakes, and accelerate the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities and centralized garbage treatment facilities. Strengthen the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, encourage the recycling of livestock manure, ensure the discharge of aquaculture wastewater up to standard, and strictly control the application of nitrogen and phosphorus in areas where nitrogen and phosphorus seriously exceed the standard.

12. Ecological environment protection of land resources development and utilization. According to the overall land use planning, implement the land use control system, clarify the responsibility of land contractors for ecological environment protection, strengthen the protection of ecological land, and freeze the requisition of grasslands, woodlands and wetlands with important ecological functions. If the construction project really needs to occupy ecological land, it shall be submitted for approval and compensated in strict accordance with the law, and the system of "one thing, one discussion" shall be implemented to ensure that the restoration area is not less than the occupied area. Strengthen the supervision of ecological environment protection for major infrastructure construction such as transportation, energy and water conservancy, scientifically choose the construction route and location, minimize the occupation of forest land, grassland and cultivated land, and prevent soil erosion and land desertification. Strengthen the ecological supervision of the development and utilization of non-grazing grassland. Farmland on steep slopes in the middle and upper reaches of major rivers should be returned to forests and grasslands in a planned and step-by-step manner in accordance with relevant plans, and farmland management should be strengthened to prevent re-cultivation.

13. Ecological environment protection in the development and utilization of forest and grassland resources. Forest areas and grasslands with important ecological functions should be designated as forbidden areas for reclamation, logging or grazing, and strictly managed; Those that have been developed and utilized should be returned to farmland, forests and grasslands, so that they can recuperate. Implement natural forest protection projects to maximize the protection and play the ecological benefits of forests; It is necessary to effectively protect various ecological public welfare forests such as water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, and special-purpose forests; For cultivated land and abandoned land reclaimed by destroying forests and grasses, the principle of "whoever approves is responsible, whoever destroys it will restore it" should be followed, and the farmland should be returned to forests and grasslands within a time limit. Strengthen forest and grassland fire prevention and pest control, and strive to reduce the catastrophic loss of forest and grass resources; Increase the intensity of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and grass planting in burned and deforested areas, and accelerate the restoration of ecological environment and improvement of ecological functions in forest areas and grasslands. Vigorously develop renewable energy technologies such as wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy to reduce the damage of firewood harvesting to forest and grass vegetation.

To develop animal husbandry, we should insist on fixing livestock by grass and prevent overloading and overgrazing. Seriously overloaded and overgrazing, it is necessary to check the carrying capacity and reduce the number of livestock within a time limit. Take the policy of combining protection and utilization, strictly implement the grazing ban period, grazing ban area and rotational grazing system, actively develop straw feed, gradually implement house feeding and captive breeding, and accelerate the restoration of degraded grassland. In arid and semi-arid areas, it is necessary to adjust the proportion of grain and livestock production according to local conditions and vigorously implement the project of planting grass to raise livestock and enrich the people. Agricultural development in the farming-pastoral ecotone shall not cause new grassland destruction; The development of oasis agriculture must not destroy natural vegetation. For the grassland that has been reclaimed in pastoral areas, it is necessary to return farmland to grassland and restore vegetation within a time limit.

14. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of biological species resources. The exploitation of biological species resources should be carried out on the premise of protecting species diversity and ensuring biological safety. All forms of killing and collecting endangered wild animals and plants are prohibited according to law. Severely crack down on illegal trade in endangered wild animals. Strictly restrict the killing, collection and sale of beneficial insects, birds and animals. Encourage domestication and breeding of wild animals. Strengthen the development and management of wildlife resources, gradually delimit quasi-mining areas, standardize mining methods, and prohibit indiscriminate mining; It is strictly forbidden to collect and sell Nostoc flagelliforme, prohibit all Nostoc flagelliforme trade, and resolutely stop the indiscriminate digging of various wild medicinal plants with important sand-fixing functions in arid and semi-arid grasslands. Do a good job in the protection of important fish spawning grounds, feeding grounds, wintering grounds, migration routes and important aquatic organisms and their habitats. Strengthen biosafety management and establish import and export management system and risk assessment system for living genetically modified organisms and their products; Risk assessment must be carried out to introduce alien species, and import quarantine work should be strengthened to prevent alien harmful species from entering the country.

15. Ecological environment protection for the development and utilization of marine and fishery resources. The development and utilization of marine and fishery resources must be carried out in accordance with functional zoning, so as to achieve unified planning and rational development and utilization. We will earnestly strengthen coastal zone management, strictly examine and approve port reclamation, coastal projects and the construction of tourist facilities, and strictly protect mangroves, coral reefs and coastal shelterbelts. Strengthen the protection of key fishing grounds, river estuaries, bays and other important aquatic resources breeding areas and other fishery waters, and strictly supervise the ecological environment protection of fishery resources development. Strengthen the prevention and control of marine pollution, gradually establish a system for controlling the total amount of pollutants discharged into the sea, strengthen the environmental management of offshore oil and gas exploration and development, ocean dumping, ship sewage discharge and ports, and gradually establish an emergency system for major pollution accidents at sea.

16. Ecological environment protection of mineral resources development and utilization. Mining in ecological function protection areas, nature reserves, scenic spots and forest parks is strictly prohibited. Quarrying, sand mining and earth borrowing are strictly prohibited in landslide danger areas, debris flow prone areas and areas that are easy to destroy natural landscapes. The development and utilization of mineral resources must be strictly planned and managed, and the construction period, region and mode conducive to ecological environment protection should be selected to minimize the damage of development activities to the ecological environment. The exploitation of mineral resources must prevent secondary geological disasters. In the exploitation of mineral resources along the river, along the river, along the lake, along the reservoir and in coastal areas, measures to protect the ecological environment must be implemented to avoid and reduce the damage to the ecological environment as much as possible. If the damage has been caused, the developer must restore it within a time limit. Mines and pits that have stopped mining or closed must be reclaimed in time.

17. Ecological environment protection in the development and utilization of tourism resources. To develop tourism resources, we must make clear the objectives and requirements of environmental protection and ensure that the construction of tourism facilities is in harmony with the natural landscape. Scientifically determine the tourist capacity of tourist areas and rationally design tourist routes, so that the construction of tourism infrastructure can adapt to the carrying capacity of ecological environment. Strengthen the protection of natural landscapes and scenic spots, restrict the tourism development of important natural relics, strictly control the tourism development of key scenic spots, strictly control the construction scale and quantity of tourist facilities such as ropeways, and dismantle facilities that do not meet the planning requirements within a time limit. Sewage, smoke and domestic garbage in tourist areas must be discharged up to standard and disposed of scientifically.

(3) Eco-environmental protection in ecologically sound areas

18. Areas with good ecology, especially areas with rich species, are key areas for ecological environment protection. Active protection measures should be taken to ensure that the ecosystems and ecological functions in these areas are not destroyed. A number of new nature reserves should be established as soon as possible in areas that are rich in species, represent natural ecosystems and are typical and unspoiled. The Hengduan mountain area, the plateau mountain area at the junction of New Qinghai-Tibet, the mountain area at the junction of Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hubei, the mountain area at the junction of Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi, the Qinba Mountain area, Xishuangbanna in southern Yunnan, Hainan Island, Daxing 'anling and Sanjiang Plain in northeast China are listed as key areas, and nature reserves at all levels are planned and constructed in stages. In the distribution areas of species and ecosystems with important protection value in the western region, especially the distribution areas of important desert ecosystems and typical desert wildlife, a number of different types of nature reserves should be built.

19. Pay attention to urban ecological environment protection. In the process of urbanization, it is necessary to effectively protect all kinds of important ecological land. Large and medium-sized cities should ensure a certain proportion of public green space and ecological land, carry out garden city creation activities in depth, strengthen the construction and protection of urban parks, green belts, forests and lawns, and vigorously promote the greening and beautification of courtyards, walls, roofs and bridges. It is strictly forbidden to open mountains and fill the sea and develop wetlands at will in urban areas and suburbs, and it is strictly forbidden to fill and occupy streams, rivers, canals and ponds at will. We will continue to improve the urban environment in an all-round way, further accelerate the adjustment of energy structure and the control of industrial pollution sources, earnestly strengthen the environmental management of urban construction projects and construction sites, and actively promote the creation of environmentally friendly model towns with beautiful environment.

20. Strengthen the construction of ecological demonstration zones and eco-agricultural counties. The state encourages and supports ecologically sound areas and plays an exemplary role in implementing the strategy of sustainable development. Further accelerate the pace of county (city) ecological demonstration area and ecological agriculture county construction. Conditional areas should focus on promoting the construction of prefecture-level and provincial-level ecological demonstration zones.

Four, the national ecological environment protection countermeasures and measures

(1) Strengthen leadership and coordination and establish a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for ecological environmental protection.

2 1. Establish and improve the responsibility system for ecological environment protection. It is necessary to implement the responsibility system that local governments at all levels are responsible for the quality of the ecological environment in their respective jurisdictions and all departments are responsible for the ecological environment protection of their own industries and systems. Clarify the ecological environmental protection responsibilities of resource development units and legal persons. Implement strict assessment, reward and punishment system. Units and individuals that strictly perform their duties and make significant contributions to the protection of the ecological environment shall be commended and rewarded. For dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty, causing damage to the ecological environment, should be investigated for responsibility in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Ecological environmental protection and construction planning should be incorporated into the long-term and annual plans for economic and social development at all levels to ensure the investment of governments at all levels in ecological environmental protection. Establish an audit system for ecological environmental protection and construction to ensure the rationality of input and output and the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits.

22. Actively coordinate and cooperate to establish an effective supervision system for ecological environmental protection. All relevant departments in the State Council should carry out their duties, cooperate closely, and work together with Qi Xin to jointly promote the national ecological environment protection. Environmental protection departments should do a good job in comprehensive coordination and supervision, and planning, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, land resources and construction departments should strengthen the planning and management of natural resources development and do a good job in ecological environment protection and restoration. On the basis of the key protection and supervision areas of ecological environment determined by the state, local governments at all levels should determine the key protection and supervision areas of ecological environment in their respective jurisdictions according to local conditions, and form a supporting ecological environment protection and supervision system. Governments at all levels and relevant departments in the western region should give priority to the protection and construction of the ecological environment in the western region to ensure the smooth implementation of the national strategy of developing the western region.

23 to ensure the scientific and technological support ability of ecological environmental protection. Governments at all levels should incorporate scientific research on ecological environmental protection into their scientific and technological development plans, encourage scientific and technological innovation, and strengthen technological development and popularization in key areas of ecological environmental protection such as rural ecological environmental protection, biodiversity protection, ecological restoration, and soil and water conservation. Among the funds for ecological environmental protection, a certain proportion should be used for scientific research and technology popularization of ecological environmental protection, so as to promote the transformation of scientific research results and improve the scientific and technological content and level of ecological environmental protection. Establish an early warning system to strengthen the prediction of the deterioration trend of the ecological environment.

24. Establish a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for economic and social development and ecological environmental protection. All localities should pay close attention to the preparation of ecological function zoning, guide the development of natural resources and the rational distribution of industries, and promote the coordinated and healthy development of economy, society and ecological environment protection. When formulating major economic and technological policies, social development plans and economic development plans, we should fully consider the impact on the ecological environment according to the ecological function zoning. Major ecological environment construction projects such as natural resources development, planting trees and grass, soil and water conservation, grassland construction, etc. must carry out environmental impact assessment. For projects that may cause damage and adverse effects on the ecological environment, measures for ecological environment protection and restoration must be designed, constructed and accepted simultaneously with the resource development and construction projects. Those that may cause serious damage to the ecological environment should be strictly examined and resolutely prohibited.

(two) to strengthen the legal system, improve the national awareness of ecological environmental protection.

25. Strengthen legislation and law enforcement, and bring ecological environment protection into the track of rule of law. Strictly implement laws and regulations on environmental protection and resource management, and severely crack down on criminal acts that damage the ecological environment. We will promptly formulate and revise laws and regulations on ecological environment protection and construction, formulate regulations on ecological environment protection and management in ecological function protection areas, and improve local ecological environment protection regulations and supervision systems.

26. Conscientiously implement international conventions and conduct extensive international exchanges and cooperation. Conscientiously implement the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on International Wetlands, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora, the Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage and other international conventions, safeguard the rights and interests of national ecological environment protection, undertake international obligations commensurate with the development level of China, and make contributions to global ecological environment protection. Carry out extensive international exchanges and cooperation, actively introduce foreign capital, technology and management experience, and promote the all-round development of ecological environment protection in China.

27. Strengthen publicity and education on ecological environmental protection, and constantly raise the awareness of ecological environmental protection of the whole people. We will carry out in-depth education on environmental conditions and national policies, carry out training on ecological environmental protection at different levels, and improve the comprehensive decision-making ability of ecological environmental protection and economic and social development. Pay attention to the basic education and professional education of ecological environment protection, and actively do a good job in social public education. Urban zoos, botanical gardens and other parks should increase publicity facilities, organize special publicity and education activities, and popularize the knowledge of ecological environmental protection to the public. Further strengthen the supervision of news and public opinion, commend advanced models, expose illegal acts, improve the hearing system of letters and visits, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of people and non-governmental organizations to participate in ecological environmental protection, and work hard to achieve the grand goal of beautiful mountains and rivers in the motherland.