At present, the crescent spring landscape is mainly maintained by engineering measures and supplemented by "drip". Since 200 1, Dunhuang city has implemented the infiltration irrigation and water replenishment project of Crescent Spring, and more than 6 million cubic meters of water is replenished to Crescent Spring every year through infiltration irrigation to maintain its water level. At present, the water level of Crescent Moon Spring is maintained at around 1. 1 meter. As early as 1800 years ago, Crescent Spring in Dunhuang Scenic Area was on the verge of disappearing.
In order to make the groundwater level rise again, Dunhuang plans to implement the project of "Diversion Haji Party" to fundamentally solve the problem of groundwater level and crescent spring water level decline in Dunhuang area.
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Crescent spring is a microcosm of the deterioration of the ecological environment in the west. Dunhuang is located at the westernmost end of Hexi Corridor, on the eastern edge of Kumtag Desert, which is extremely dry and short of water. Due to the continuous expansion of population and cultivated land and the over-exploitation of groundwater, the water level in Dunhuang Basin drops at a rate of 0.24 meters per year. Oasis is shrinking, and land desertification and salinization are becoming more and more serious. In the southwest of Dunhuang, the Kumtag Desert and Taklimakan Desert, known as the "Sea of Death", have gradually shown a trend of "shaking hands and making peace". Dunhuang Oasis is facing a serious survival crisis, including the Mogao Grottoes, a human cultural heritage, and Mingsha Mountain, a natural wonder. The crescent spring is seriously threatened, so the key to the crisis of crescent spring or Dunhuang is to restore the groundwater level and carry out the ecological restoration of the whole Dunhuang basin. What we can do is to strictly implement "no reclamation, no immigration, no drilling" and raise the water price ... that is to say, the restoration of the environment here will be at the expense of the survival and development of the Olympic Games. The price is too heavy. The Crescent Moon Spring in Dunhuang is a living example, which proves that "building an ecological civilization and basically forming an industrial structure, growth mode and consumption pattern that saves energy and resources and protects the ecological environment" proposed in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is far more than a slogan.
Protecting Crescent Moon Spring is a very complicated project, not as simple as imagined. It is suggested that a reservoir can be built nearby to replenish the water in Crescent Spring. In fact, this is only a short-term behavior, and its positive significance lies in winning effective time for saving Crescent Moon Spring. In the long run, both engineering measures and biological measures should be taken to protect the crescent spring and let the ecology recover slowly. It's like taking medicine and keeping it.' Keeping it' is the most important thing. It is suggested that transferring water from Harten River Basin in Qilian Mountain to Danghe River can alleviate the water shortage in Dunhuang City and maintain the groundwater level of Crescent Spring, which is a good way. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly control the exploitation of groundwater, further adjust the agricultural structure, and reduce the planting area of crops with high water consumption as much as possible.
—— Fan Jinshi, member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of Dunhuang Research Institute.
In the long run, strictly controlling the exploitation of groundwater, making the groundwater level rise and maintaining the original dynamic balance of groundwater in Dunhuang basin are the fundamental ways to maintain the ecological balance of Dunhuang and control the decline of the water level of Yueya Spring.
-Professor MQ Zhang from College of Resources and Environment, Lanzhou University.
Editor Peng Liang