The vast majority of people who read Romance of the Three Kingdoms stand on the standpoint of respecting Liu and belittling Cao, and regard Liu Bei as the orthodox of the Han Dynasty and Cao Cao as the thief of the imperial court. I think The Romance of the Three Kingdoms gives people this feeling because the author must choose two opposites to better express the contradictions and conflicts in the novel, so that readers can distinguish between good and evil, take a clear stand and be more impressed. As far as I know, in fact, the idea of "respecting Liu and belittling Cao" was formed in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty was weak and incompetent, and lost a large area of land north of the Yangtze River, which was somewhat similar to Shu Han in the southwest corner of the Three Kingdoms period. In the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to make the people under the rule comfortable with the status quo, the court respected Liu Bei, a Miao descendant of the Han family, as the ancestor, and called Cao Cao, who was "holding the emperor to make the princes", a national thief, in order to eliminate the people's desire to recover the mountains and rivers.

Let me give my opinion.

Liu Bei was born in a distant branch of the royal family, but in his generation, he no longer lived by making mats and selling shoes. His father died early, and he had to rely on his uncle's help from time to time. Cao Cao's family background can be said to be both noble and cheap. It is noble because his grandfather is a servant of the emperor and the queen, and his father is said to have donated a position of Qiu with money. It can be said that his family is very rich. Humble because Cao Cao was born in a eunuch family after all, which is quite despicable. The origins of Liu Bei and Cao Cao are similar to those of famous families such as Yuan Shao and Ma Teng, who have achieved fame and wealth for four generations. But both of them had great ambitions in their early years. When Liu Bei was a child, he said that if he was the son of heaven, he would use the mulberry tree in front of his house as a car cover, and then recruit an army in his hometown to suppress the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. He once resigned because he refused to pay bribes. When Cao Cao was a commandant in the north of Luoyang in his early years, he was not afraid of powerful people and killed Uncle Jian Shuo who held a knife at night. When he was in Jinan, he was not as powerful as other officials, but he used power for personal gain to remove many corrupt officials. It is particularly worth mentioning that Cao Cao was born in a eunuch family, but he planned how to eradicate the scourge of trickling water with the opposite of eunuchs-He Jin, and made a surprising statement, realizing that He Jin's stupidity would inevitably lead to chaos in the world. Practice has also proved that Cao Cao's prediction is correct.

I feel that their early experiences seem to have some similarities, but why were they later shaped by the people into two people with completely different qualities? The main reason is that two people have different attitudes towards some problems.

When Cao Cao was young, he visited Xu Shao, a famous person at that time, and asked him what he thought of himself. He didn't answer, but Cao Cao repeatedly asked, and replied, "Zi can rule the world, and traitors in troubled times." Cao Cao is very satisfied with this evaluation. It can be seen that Cao Cao first attaches importance to personal ability and talent. As for morality, he doesn't care even if he is slightly biased. The same is true of his employment. Guo Jia is an important adviser under Cao Cao, and another adviser under him, Chen Qun, once accused Guo Jia of misconduct. Cao Cao ignored Guo Jia for this reason, but he still valued him because he took a fancy to Guo Jia's strategy. Guo Jia really persuaded him to be loyal to him to death. At the same time, Chen Qun was appreciated by Cao Cao because he dared to speak out. When Cao Cao issued the recruitment order, he did not pay attention to the origin and status of talents. Even people like Chen Ping who once "stole his wife's money" are willing to absorb them as long as you have the ability. I think Cao Cao saw that the personnel system of "respecting filial piety and saving righteousness" at that time was not credible. On the surface, people who are loyal to filial piety and righteousness are recommended by local governments to be officials. In fact, many people got this title by bribing local officials. Cao Cao's method of recruiting talents broke the convention at that time. One more thing, let Cao Cao bear the eternal blame. Cao Cao tried to assassinate Dong Zhuo and fled back to his hometown. Chen Gong and Lu Yu lived with him in Zhuang. He killed the Lv Boshe family by mistake. Finally, he said, "I would rather teach me to be negative to the whole world than to teach the whole world to be negative to me." Such selfish and cruel remarks. This matter is not recorded in the original reflection, but there are three views in Pei Songzhi's annotation. First, Cao Cao jumped into the villa in Lv Boshe, while Lv Boshe was not at home. His son came to rob Cao Cao, but in desperation he ran away with a few people. Second, the three statements are similar to the plot in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The reason why The Romance of the Three Kingdoms chose this statement, which is the most unfavorable to Cao Cao, is very simple-in order to enrich and improve Cao Cao's "treacherous man" image. Cao Cao's actions and ideas often violate the moral standards of ordinary people, so his tricks, no matter how clever, should be called intrigues.

Unlike Cao Cao, Liu Xuande often gives people the impression that he is generous, has the demeanor of an elder, and is a model of loyalty and kindness. When ordered by Anxi County, he refused to take bribes; Willing to send troops to help Kong Rong and Tao Qian to solve other people's difficulties; I was asked to die and forget my life as a traitor; In Jingzhou, he refused to take other people's land; Diligence and love for the people in Xinye, supported by the people; Brother Liu Zhang also praised him for his elder demeanor. However, his thin nature cannot be hidden. Speaking of Liu Bei, I can't help but mention his crying. He once earned Zhao Yun with tears, and wanted to keep Xu Shu with tears, and he successfully invited Zhuge Liang with tears. Crying saved him from danger in Wu Dong, and he repeatedly refused to return to Jingzhou. Liu Bei touched many people with his shallow eye socket many times and fooled many people, even honest people like Lu Su. When Guan Yu beheaded Yan Liang and punished Wen Chou, Liu Bei's two excuses in front of Yuan Shao showed his true colors. Liu Bei's wisdom is also unusual. On the White Gate Tower, Cao Cao asked Liu Bei what to do with Lu Bu. He said, "Have you met Ding Jianyang and Dong Zhuo?" On the surface, Liu Bei was afraid that Cao Cao would be murdered by Lu Bu, so he asked him to kill Lu Bu, but it was not! Liu Bei knows that "Cao Cao's ingenuity is unique to others", and he also knows that his ability to control people is far above that of Dong Zhuo in Dingyuan, and Cao Cao has the ability to raise tigers as trouble on the premise of ensuring safety. Liu Bei is afraid that he will be worse to himself. Based on these thoughts, Liu Bei said the above sentence and deceived everyone present. Liu Bei also cleverly used the strategy of keeping a low profile, deceiving the wily Cao Cao and making himself survive in the deep end of the dragon's pool.

In fact, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not entirely "respecting Liu and belittling Cao". For example, Cao Cao's murder of Dong Zhuo is not recorded in history, but the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms wrote such a feat, which obviously reflects Cao Cao's courage and courage. Cao Cao's courage is also reflected in his later crusade against Dong Zhuo with the governors and his initiative in the allied forces, which is completely different from other governors. Cao Cao's outstanding military command ability and outstanding talent in the major battles against Lu Bu, the battle of Guandu and the battle of Tongguan are all reflected in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Besides, he cut his hair and changed his head, and he didn't investigate the responsibility of people who associate with Yuan Shao, which is beyond the ability of ordinary people. Including many of his advisers and military commanders, such as Guo Jia, Yu Xun, Zhang Liao and Huang Xu. The author also has many compliments.

Some people say that Cao Cao was jealous of energy, so he killed Yang Xiu and hurt Mi Heng. I don't think so. Cao Cao is full of talented people, and recruiting talented people is one of the necessary conditions for his success. If he is really jealous, he won't be jealous to death, will he? Let's talk about Yang Xiu first. When solving the mystery of Cao E's stone tablet, Cao Cao not only didn't abandon him, but also listened to his persuasion to meet Zhang Song for the second time. But Yang Xiu is arrogant and outspoken. More seriously, he participated in the issue of Cao Shi's successor, and he cracked the meaning of "chicken ribs", which really had the effect of disorderly morale. How could Cao let him go? Not to mention Mi Heng, his arrogant attitude and arrogant words can't be tolerated by anyone, but Cao Cao killed Yu Xun, Xun You and Hua Tuo for his personal reputation and status, which was really a big mistake.

Cao Cao's success lies not only in his outstanding talent, but also in his generosity. After the fiasco in Chibi, Cao Cao was not at a loss. Instead, he smiled and said, "Today, the north is still under my control" and smiled three times to show optimism about the setbacks. At the same time, Cao Cao is also a man with great literary interest. He likes to write poems, and even if war is imminent, his interest will not change. Many of his poems are famous works in Yuefu.

"When we talk about Cao Cao, it's easy to think of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but it's more about the white-faced traitor on the stage. But this is not the way to observe Cao Cao. In fact, Cao Cao is a very capable person, at least a hero. "

Respondent: Suizhou-Director of Grade 9 6- 1 15:35.

The role of old traditional ideas in people's minds. The influence of novelists. Different from Romance of the Three Kingdoms. & lt The History of the Five Dynasties is more different.

Respondent: zhangzo 4925- Senior Manager Level 6-1 15:38

The idea of imperial power, in the final analysis, serves the rulers. Just as writing anti-party books is not allowed now, respecting Liu and belittling Cao is praising the correctness and lineage of imperial power.

Respondent: Cheva-Scholar Level 3 6- 1 15:39

People often say that the ideological tendency of "respecting Liu and belittling Cao" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is called "feudal orthodoxy". In fact, the ideological tendency of "respecting Liu and belittling Cao" has become the keynote of all kinds of literary works in the Three Kingdoms as early as the Song Dynasty, and Luo Guanzhong complied with the wishes of the general public and inherited this tendency. The reason why Luo Guanzhong "respects Liu" is not simply because Liu Bei's surname is Liu (Liu Biao and Liu Zhang are also Han clan relatives, and their family background is much more prominent than Liu Bei, but they are often belittled and laughed at; Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty are the objects of the author's whipping. However, because Liu Bei Group put forward the slogan of "serving the country and securing the country" from the beginning, it made unremitting efforts to restore the unification of the Han family and was admired by the masses with national thoughts since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. At the same time, the "benevolence" of Liu Bei, the leader of this group, the "wisdom" of Zhuge Liang, the "righteousness" of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei all conform to Luo Guanzhong's moral concept. These two reasons made Luo Guanzhong idealize Liu Bei Group and praise it enthusiastically. On the other hand, Luo Guanzhong "demoted Cao Cao" because Cao Cao, as a typical "traitor", was not only unfaithful to the Liu Dynasty, but also often slaughtered people and killed talents. Most of his works describe his evil deeds in history. Not intentionally "distorted"; Luo Guanzhong gave a positive description of Cao Cao's great achievements in unifying the north, and his extraordinary courage and ingenuity in winning Dong Zhuo, capturing Lu Bu alive, sweeping Yuan Shu, destroying Yuan Shao and attacking Wu Huan, and did not belittle them at will. It can be seen that "respecting Liu and belittling Cao" mainly reflects that the broad masses of people choose feudal politics and politicians according to the standard of "pampering me first, then abusing me", which has historical rationality; This can not be understood unilaterally, let alone simply dismissed as "feudal orthodoxy."