The Olympic Games got its name because it originated from Olympia in ancient Greece. The ancient Olympic Games lasted for 293 sessions from 776 BC to 393 AD, and was later abolished by the Roman emperor Dior for engaging in cult activities. 1894 The International Sports Conference held in Paris decided to resume the Olympic Games on the proposal of the French aristocrat Pierre De Coubertin. The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece on 1896, and then held in turn around the world. Since the Winter Olympics was founded in 1924, the Olympic Games is also called the Summer Olympics. The Olympic Games has now become a symbol of peace and friendship.
The latest Summer Olympic Games was the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. The latest Winter Olympics was the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, which consisted of 7 major events and 84 minor events. The next Olympic Games will be the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, with 28 major events and 302 minor events.
Ancient Olympic games
In 776 BC, the Greeks stipulated that a sports meeting should be held in Olympia every four years. During the Games, all Greek athletes and nearby citizens gathered in Olympia, a beautiful town in southern Greece. In 776 BC, the first Olympic Games was held here, and Dorian Klose won the192.27m sprint, becoming the first event champion of the international Olympic Games. Later, the scale of the ancient Greek Games gradually expanded and became a grand event to show the national spirit. The winner of the competition can get a wreath of laurel, wild olive and palm.
From 776 BC to 394 AD, the 293rd Ancient Olympic Games was held through 1 168. It was banned by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I in 394 AD.
Legend of origin
There are many legends about the origin of the ancient Olympic Games, the most important of which are the following two: one is that the ancient Olympic Games is a regular sports activity to worship Zeus, and the other is related to Heracles, the son of Zeus. Hercules is known as "Hercules" because of his infinite strength. He finished the task that ordinary people couldn't finish in Elis city-state, and cleaned the king's cowshed full of cow dung in less than half a day, but the king didn't want to honor his promise of giving away 300 cows, so Herakler drove the king away in a fit of pique. To celebrate his victory, he held a sports meeting in Olympia.
Enlightenment and Prosperity (776-388 BC)
In 776 BC, Evy Tus, the ruler of the Peloponnesian Peninsula, tried to combine religion with sports. It not only innovates religious ceremonies, but also organizes large-scale sports competitions and activities, and decides to hold them every four years. The time is set after the summer solstice of leap year. Therefore, the ancient Olympic Games in 776 BC officially went down in history and became the 1 th ancient Olympic Games. There was only one incident. That is, the running distance of the station is 192.27 meters.
Although there were disputes among the city-states during this period, Greece was an independent country with developed politics, economy and culture, which was the golden age of the Games. Especially in 490 BC, after Athens, Greece defeated the Persian army in the Marathon Valley, the people's feelings flourished and their national prestige increased greatly. Many sports facilities and temples have been built, and participants are all over the Greek city-States. The Olympic Games is at its peak, becoming the biggest festival in Greece.
Decline (388 BC to 65438 BC+046 BC)
Due to the long Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens (43 BC1year to 404 BC), the national strength of Greece was greatly reduced, and Macedonia gradually annexed Greece. King Philip of Macedonia also took part in the horse race himself. Later, although Alexander the Great himself did not like sports activities, he actively supported them and regarded the Olympic Games as the highest opening ceremony of sports activities in ancient Greece, adding facilities for them. However, during this period, the spirit of the ancient Olympic Games has greatly faded, and professional athletes began to appear.
Extinction (65438 BC+046-394 AD)
After the Roman Empire ruled Greece, the Olympic Games were still held at first, but Olympia was not the only venue. For example, in the 175 Olympic Games in 80 BC, Rome's economic laws called for excellent athletes to compete in Rome, while Olympia only held junior competitions. At this time, professional athletes began to appear in large numbers, and the Olympic Games became a competition for professional athletes, and the Greeks lost interest in it. After the 2nd century AD, Christianity ruled the whole of Europe, including Greece, advocating asceticism, advocating the separation of soul and body, and opposing sports, which made Europe in a dark age, and the Olympic Games even declined until it existed in name only. In 393 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius I declared Christianity as the state religion, and thought that the ancient Olympic Games were against the purpose of Christianity and were pagan activities. The following year, he announced the abolition of the ancient Olympic Games. In 895, the Byzantines and Goethe fought fiercely on the Alphonse River, destroying all the facilities in Olympia. In 426 AD, Theodosius II burned the architectural remains of Olympia. Two strong earthquakes occurred in 522 and 5 1 1 year, which completely destroyed Olympia. Since then, the ancient Olympic Games, which was delayed for more than 1000 years, has ceased to exist, and the bustling Olympia has become a ruin.
Olympic recovery
From 1875 to 188 1, German Ku Tius excavated cultural relics at the site of Olympia, which aroused the interest of the whole world. 1889 In July, at the international track and field conference held in Paris, France, Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator who was later honored as the "father of the Olympics", made public his idea of restoring the Olympic Games for the first time. 189110 In October, Coubertin, as the secretary-general of the French Federation of Athletics Associations, sent an invitation to almost every sports organization and club in the world-to attend the International Sports Conference 1894 held in Paris, France in June. On June 1894 and 16, the conference was held in Paris Sorbonne Theological Seminary as scheduled. One week after the meeting, that is, on June 23rd, the General Assembly passed the resolution to establish the International Olympic Committee, and June 23rd became the "International Olympic Day". At that time, Coubertin became the first secretary-general. The Congress decided to hold the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, and the historic city of Athens in Greece won the right to host it.
Modern Olympic games
1894 In June, the first Olympic Charter initiated and formulated by Coubertin was adopted at the Paris International Conference. It involves the basic purposes, principles and other related matters of the Olympic Movement. 192 1 2008, the Olympic law was formulated in Lausanne, Switzerland, including the Olympic Charter, the Constitution of the International Olympic Committee, the Competition Rules and Protocols of the Olympic Games, the General Rules for Hosting the Olympic Games and the Rules of the Olympic Parliament. Over the past decades, the Olympic Law has been revised and supplemented many times, but the basic principles and spirit formulated by Coubertin have not changed.
The 2nd 1900 Paris Olympic Games, 1 1 Women broke the ban and appeared on the sports ground. After several arguments, the International Olympic Committee finally passed the resolution to allow women to participate in the Olympic Games at the 22nd meeting of 1924. Since then, women's events have become an indispensable part of the Olympic Games, and more and more female athletes have participated in it.
With the development of the Olympic Movement, the International Olympic Committee has formulated many regulations.
19 13, according to Coubertin's idea, the International Olympic Committee designed the Olympic flag with a boundless white background and five interlocking rings in the middle. The colors of the five rings are sky blue, yellow, black, green and red. The five rings symbolize the unity of the five continents, and athletes from all over the world gather in the Olympic Games with fair and frank competition and friendly spirit. 19 14 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic movement, the Olympic flag was used for the first time in the Olympic Games held in Paris. 1920 during the Antwerp Olympic games, the first five-ring flag was raised in the stadium. Since then, the flag handover ceremony and flag-raising ceremony have been held in the opening ceremonies of previous Olympic Games. In order to publicize the Olympic spirit and encourage athletes, Coubertin proposed in 19 13 and was approved by the International Olympic Committee, taking "swifter, higher and stronger" as the Olympic motto. 1908 When the London Olympic Games was held, the Archbishop of Pennsylvania in the United States said in his sermon at the religious ceremony of the Olympic Games held in St. Paul's Cathedral that "it is important to participate in the Olympic Games, not to win". Coubertin appreciated this sentence very much and quoted it many times in the future. Therefore, many people think that this sentence should become an Olympic ideal. Athletes' oath will be implemented from the 7th Olympic Games of 1920. 1968 Olympic Games added the oath of referee. At the 1936 1 1 Olympic Games, the IOC officially stipulated that the Olympic flame symbolizing light, friendship and unity should be lit at the main venue. Since then, this activity has become one of the indispensable ceremonies for the opening ceremony of each Olympic Games. Before the Olympic Games, the torch was lit by the sunlight gathered by concave mirror near the temple of the Greek goddess Hera (the wife of Zeus) in Olympia, and then carried on the torch relay and arrived in the host city the day before the opening of the Olympic Games. At the opening ceremony, the athletes of the host country lit the flame on the tower with the last stick, and the flame went out at the closing ceremony.
Olympic events include:
Track and field basketball football
Wrestling judo weightlifting
Shooting, archery and fencing
Rowing equestrian boxing
Handball tennis baseball
Softball Taekwondo Badminton
Canoeing, table tennis and hockey
Bicycle sailing windsurfing
Gymnastics (including rhythmic gymnastics)
Volleyball (including beach volleyball)
Swimming (including diving, water polo and synchronized swimming)
Triathlon modern pentathlon
Prince of gymnastics Li Ning
Gender: male
Ethnic group: Zhuang nationality
Height:1.64m.
Weight: 58 kg
Date of birth: 1963-9-8
Place of birth: Liuzhou, Guangxi
Sports: gymnastics
Sports experience: He began to practice gymnastics at the age of 8, joined the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Gymnastics Team at the age of 10, and was selected into the National Gymnastics Training Team at the age of 1980.
Best result: 1984, winner of three gold medals in Los Angeles Olympic Games.
Sports performance:
198 1 College athletes are world champions in floor exercise and pommel horse, ranking fifth in all-around.
In the 6th World Cup Gymnastics Competition from 65438 to 0982, she won the floor exercise, horizontal bar, vault, pommel horse, rings and hexathlon, becoming the first gymnast in the world gymnastics history to achieve such good results.
1982 gymnastics all-around, rings champion, parallel bars runner-up and men's team champion in the 9th Asian Games.
1983 Men's team champion, vault runner-up and floor exercise third place in the 22nd World Gymnastics Championships.
1984 The 23rd Olympic Games won three gold medals in floor exercise, rings and pommel horse, a bronze medal in vault and all-around and a silver medal in men's team.
1985 ring champion, pommel horse, floor exercise and team runner-up in the 23rd World Gymnastics Championships.
1986 10 Asian Games gymnastics all-around, floor exercise, rings champion.
1986 All-around Champion of pommel horse and floor exercise in the 7th World Gymnastics Championships.
Have the reputation of "Prince of gymnastics"
Honors won:
His original two movements, namely "the lifting ring is hung behind the suspender and connected with the right-angle bracket before hanging" and "the parallel bars turn around 180 degrees into a handstand", were named "the lifting ring Li Ning Swing" and "the parallel bars Li Ning Loop" by the International Sports Federation.
1980 won the title of athlete.
1983 was elected as one of the top ten athletes in China.
1984 won the first-class military medal of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army of China, the title of New Long March Assaulter awarded by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, and the title of Special Model Worker awarded by the Guangxi People's Government.
1985 was elected as one of the top ten athletes in China and joined the China * * * production party.
1986 was elected as one of the top ten athletes in China and won the title of international athlete.
1987 was elected as one of the top ten athletes in China.
1987 was accepted as a member of the IOC Athletes' Committee and became the only representative in Asia.
1994 was named "45 sports heroes in the 45th anniversary of the founding of New China".
1999 was rated as "the best athlete of this century" by the International Sports Journalists Association.
1999 was selected as the "Fifty Stars of New China Sports" jointly sponsored by China Sports Daily, CCTV and Shandong Weifang Yaxing Group.
1999 was elected as the "Star of the Century" China's best athlete jointly sponsored by Chinese Olympic Committee, Fok Ying Tung Foundation and China Sports Journalists Association.
In 2000, he was included in the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame by the International Sports Federation and became the first gymnast in China.
He won the 14 world championship, and no one can break it so far.
Current situation:
1988 retired after the Seoul Olympics and entered the business world. "Li Ning" brand clothes and Jianlibao drinks named after him have sponsored various sports activities for many times and made great contributions to the development of sports.
Few gymnasts in the world have won so many awards like Li Ning, and such reputations as "genius", "prodigy", "gymnastics giant" and "China trump card" have been used in this Prince of gymnastics.
For more than ten years, Li Ning won more than 100 medals in gymnastics competitions.
Li Ning, chairman of Li Ning Sporting Goods Co., Ltd., was an outstanding gymnast in the 20th century.
1963, Li Ning was born in Guangxi. He started gymnastics at the age of 7,/kloc-joined the national gymnastics team at the age of 0/7, and retired at the age of 26. 198 1 World University Games men's floor exercise, pommel horse and rings champion. In the 6th World Cup Gymnastics Competition from 65438 to 0982, Li Ning won six of the seven gold medals for men, creating a myth in the world gymnastics history and being called "Prince of gymnastics".
1984 At the 23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games, Li Ning * * * won 3 gold and 2 silver 1 bronze medal, which was close to 1/5 of the total medals of China delegation. He also became the athlete who won the most medals in this Olympic Games. 1985, the ring champion of the world gymnastics championship. 1986 Men's individual all-around, floor exercise and pommel horse champion in the 7th World Cup Gymnastics ... During 17' s sports career, Li Ning won 106 gold medal in major gymnastics competitions at home and abroad. From 65438 to 0987, Li Ning became the only member of the Asian Athletes Committee of the International Olympic Committee at that time. From 65438 to 0999, Li Ning was selected as "the world's best athlete in the 20th century" by the World Sports Journalists Association. His name, together with 25 sports superstars such as boxing champion Ali, ball king Bailey and air Jordan, reached the peak of century sports.
1989 After retiring, Li Ning joined Guangdong Jianlibao Group and founded "Li Ning" sporting goods brand. Taking the opportunity of sponsoring the China delegation of the 90th Asian Games, we started the cause of Li Ning Company and started the brand management of sporting goods in China. 1992 During the Barcelona Olympic Games, "Li Ning Brand" was selected as the special equipment for China sports delegation to receive prizes, thus ending the history of China athletes wearing foreign sports brand clothes at the Olympic Games. After ten years of development, "Li Ning" has become the first brand of sporting goods in China. Now, Li Ning is leading his company to make great strides towards the goal of brand internationalization. At present, "Li Ning" has signed agency agreements with dealers in nine overseas countries and regions. ...
In the spirit of "from sports, for sports", Li Ning has been actively supporting sports at home and abroad. In the process of Beijing's Olympic bid, Li Ning Company is an enthusiastic sponsor. After the successful bid, Li Ning will continue to promote the development of sports in China. Li Ning is also very enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings.
Li Ning graduated from Peking University Law School with a Bachelor of Law degree and an EMBA from Guanghua School of Management, Peking University.
Fuwa, the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.
Fuwa, the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.
Fuwa is the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. Its color and inspiration come from the Olympic rings, the vast mountains, rivers, lakes and seas of China and people's favorite animal images. Fuwa conveys the spirit of friendship, peace and initiative to children all over the world, as well as the beautiful wish of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Fuwa are five lovely close friends whose shapes combine the images of fish, giant panda, Tibetan antelope, swallow and Olympic flame.
Every doll has a catchy name: Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying and Nini. In China, the same name is a traditional way to show love for children. When the names of the five dolls are linked together, you will read Beijing's kind invitation "Welcome to Beijing" to the world.
& gt& gt Click to learn more about the Olympic logo.
Fuwa represents the dreams and aspirations of the people of China. Their prototypes and headdresses contain their connection with the ocean, forest, flame, earth and sky. Their image design applies the expression of China traditional art and shows the splendid culture of China.
Bring blessings to all corners of the world.
For a long time, China has a tradition of conveying blessings through symbols. Each doll of the mascot of the Beijing Olympic Games represents a good wish: prosperity, happiness, passion, health and good luck. With the hospitality of Beijing, the dolls brought their blessings to all corners of the world and invited people from all over the world to gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2008 Olympic Games.
Fuwabel
Click to learn: Fuwa Beibei-the source of inspiration
Beibei's blessing is prosperity. In China traditional culture and art, the patterns of "fish" and "water" are symbols of prosperity and harvest. People use "carp yue longmen" to mean successful career and dream realization, and "fish" also means good luck every year.
Beibei's head decoration adopts the fish pattern of Neolithic age in China. Beibei is gentle and innocent, and is a master of water sports, which is in harmony with the blue ring in the Olympic rings.
Fuwa Jingjing
Click to learn: Fuwa Jingjing-the source of inspiration
Jingjing is a naive giant panda, and wherever she goes, she will bring joy to people. As the national treasure of China, the giant panda is deeply loved by people all over the world.
Jingjing comes from the vast forest, symbolizing the harmony between man and nature. His head decoration originated from the lotus petal shape on Song porcelain. Jingjing is simple, honest, optimistic and full of strength, representing the black part of the Olympic rings.
Fuwa huanhuan
Click to learn: Fuwa Huanhuan-the source of inspiration
Huanhuan is Fuwa's eldest brother. He is a fire doll, symbolizing the Olympic flame. Huanhuan is the embodiment of sports passion, which spreads passion to all parts of the world and conveys the Olympic spirit faster, higher and stronger. Everywhere Huanhuan went, Beijing 2008 was full of enthusiasm for the world.
Huanhuan headdress originated from the flame patterns in Dunhuang murals. He is extroverted and unrestrained, familiar with all kinds of ball games, representing the red ring of the Olympic rings.
Fuwa yingying
Click to learn: Fuwa welcomes-the source of inspiration
Yingying is a clever, agile and flying Tibetan antelope. He comes from the vast western land of China and sends his best wishes to the world. Yingying is a unique protected animal in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and a demonstration of the Green Olympics.
Yingying's head decoration combines the decorative styles of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xinjiang and other western regions. He is agile and an excellent track and field athlete, representing the yellow ring in the Olympic rings.
Fuwa nini
Click to learn: Fuwa Nini-the source of inspiration
Nini is from the sky. She is a swallow spreading her wings and flying. Her modeling creativity comes from the traditional Shayan kite in Beijing. Yan also stands for Yanjing (the title of ancient Beijing). Nini brings spring and joy to people. Wherever she flies, she spreads good wishes of "good luck".
Naive, cheerful and agile Nini will make her debut in gymnastics competition. She represents the green ring in the Olympic rings.