Management articles
First, what is the "four early" measures?
The "four early" measures refer to: early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment.
Second, what is "Four Concentrations"?
"Four Concentrations" means: concentrating patients, experts, resources and treatment.
3. What is the "four-party responsibility"?
"Four responsibilities" refer to territories, departments, units and individuals.
4. What is the difference between home isolation and home health monitoring?
Home medical observation, referred to as home isolation for short, refers to the medical health management of close contacts, special people in close contact, returnees from medium-risk areas, discharged patients, asymptomatic infected people after isolation and other people who cannot carry out centralized medical observation after professional evaluation. Home isolation has certain requirements for the environment and facilities. If the on-site comprehensive evaluation does not meet the requirements, it can be turned into centralized medical observation. Home isolation requires living alone and not going out under the guidance of community medical staff.
Family health monitoring refers to a kind of self-health management that regularly reports health monitoring under the supervision and guidance of township (street) and village (neighborhood) committees. The core of family health monitoring is not to go out, but to really go out. Starting from being responsible for yourself, others and society, travel on the premise of personal protection, and avoid taking public transportation such as buses and subways, and avoid entering public gathering places or places with closed spaces.
5. What are the "three zones and two channels" of centralized medical observation sites?
"Three areas and two channels" refers to the reasonable division and setting of channels in centralized medical observation places according to needs.
The three areas are living area, medical observation area and material supply area. There should be strict boundaries between different areas, which need to be separated by physical partitions and clearly marked.
These two channels refer to the personnel channel and the isolated personnel channel. The two passages should not cross, and should be distributed at both ends of the site as far as possible, with obvious signs. Conditional observation points, according to the actual situation, separate the garbage removal channel from the channel that isolates people from entering and leaving.
6. What are the definitions of some people involved in epidemiological investigation?
1. Definition of imported cases (imported asymptomatic infected persons). Before the onset of the case or before the asymptomatic infected person's nucleic acid test is positive, he has a travel history or residence history in an overseas epidemic country or region within 14 days, so he is excluded from domestic infection.
2. Enter the definition of secondary cases (enter secondary asymptomatic infected persons). Before the onset of the case or before the asymptomatic infected person's nucleic acid test was positive, there was a clear history of imported case contact and he was infected within 14 days. The judging principle meets the following three conditions: (1) There is a history of contact with imported cases only before the onset/within 0/4 days of kloc-or before the asymptomatic infected person's nucleic acid test is positive; ② Never been to or lived in a community where confirmed cases or asymptomatic infections have been reported in China, or in a country or region with epidemic situation abroad; ③ No history of other suspicious exposures such as hospital visits, or no community transmission in this area. Such cases should be reported in the network direct reporting system according to local cases.
3. Definition of close contacts. People who have close contact with suspected cases and confirmed cases but have not taken effective protection since 2 days before symptoms appear, or 2 days before sampling asymptomatic infected people.
4. Definition of close contacts (referred to as "close contacts"). The first contact between a close contact person and a case or asymptomatic infected person (the first contact between a close contact person and a case or asymptomatic infected person during the period from 2 days before the onset of the case or 2 days before the specimen collection of asymptomatic infected person to the isolation management). For those who have had close contact with the close contact person, such as living, working in the same closed environment, having dinner and entertaining, but have not taken effective protection, the family members and colleagues of the close contact person should be included in the scope of investigation.
5. Definition of general contact person. People who have been in contact with suspected cases, confirmed cases and asymptomatic infected persons on the same means of transportation, such as airplanes, trains and ships, in life, study, work and diagnosis and treatment, and in public places such as shopping malls, farmers' markets, bus stations and subways, but do not meet the principle of judging close contacts.
7. What is a cluster epidemic?
Cluster epidemic is defined as finding 5 or more cases and asymptomatic infected persons in small areas such as schools, residential areas, factories, natural villages and medical institutions within 14 days.
Eight, vaccination target?
The vaccination targets are the permanent population and floating population over 3 years old in the province except for vaccination contraindications.
9. What does "asymptomatic infected person" mean?
Novel coronavirus is positive for pathogens, and has no related clinical manifestations, such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, hypoesthesia, diarrhea and other symptoms and signs that can be self-perceived or clinically recognized. CT images have no COVID-19 imaging features.
X. how to report asymptomatic infections?
When all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels find asymptomatic infected persons, they should report them directly through the network within 2 hours, and choose "positive detection" as the case type, and only "asymptomatic infected persons" as the clinical severity. The onset date is the collection time of positive samples, and the diagnosis time is the detection time of positive samples. If the related symptoms or signs appear later, they should be corrected into confirmed cases within 24 hours, and the onset date should be corrected to the time when the clinical symptoms or signs appear. After lifting the centralized isolation medical observation, the medical and health institution shall fill in the date of lifting the medical observation on the infectious disease report card of the network direct reporting system within 24 hours. If the asymptomatic infected person who has been released from isolation has a "relapse", you can make a note on the infectious disease report card of the case without repeating the report.
XI。 How to open a fever clinic?
All relevant medical institutions should standardize the setting of pre-inspection triage points and choose relatively independent areas to set up fever clinics. In principle, the infrastructure and hardware conditions of fever clinic must meet the requirements of diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, and set up "three areas and two channels" and a relatively spacious diagnosis and treatment space with good ventilation.
Twelve. What are the key sites during the COVID-19 epidemic?
During the epidemic in COVID-19, the key places refer to places with dense personnel and high mobility, which are prone to cluster epidemics, such as chess and cards rooms, railway stations, airports, docks, public transportation, fitness and entertainment places, hairdressing and bathing places, agricultural markets (bazaars), shopping malls, supermarkets, theaters, stadiums, conference centers, libraries, museums, art galleries and other indoor places, commodity exhibition and after-sales service places, and religions.
Thirteen, what are the key institutions during the COVID-19 epidemic?
During the epidemic in COVID-19, key institutions refer to institutions prone to cluster epidemics, including medical institutions, children's welfare homes, nursing homes, supervision places, schools, nurseries and training institutions.
14. What are the prevention and control requirements for key sites in different risk areas?
(1) low-risk areas. Under the premise of taking prevention and control measures such as personnel health monitoring, cleaning and disinfection, ventilation and personal protection, vaccination is carried out, and all key places are normally open or open.
(2) Medium risk areas. In addition to the above prevention and control measures, the following measures should be taken:
1. When the case of COVID-19 is found, the air conditioning and ventilation system should be disinfected and cleaned under the guidance of the local disease control agency, and it can be reused only after passing the hygienic evaluation.
2. Strengthen personnel health monitoring and check health codes.
3. Strictly control the number of people entering the office, and arrange the staff to sit alone and disperse. If conditions permit, measures such as home office and decentralized office should be taken.
4. Shopping malls, supermarkets, banks, farmers' markets and other business places should shorten business hours, limit the number of personnel, stop promotional activities and other personnel gathering activities, and start emergency measures.
5. Public transport vehicles should take measures such as controlling the number of passengers and dispersing seats.
6 venues for religious activities, bathing places, commodity exhibition places and other places with dense personnel and relatively closed space should be closed.
(3) High-risk areas. All kinds of key places should be closed or open.
15. prevention and control requirements of key institutions in different risk areas?
(1) low-risk areas. On the premise of taking health protection measures such as strengthening internal control, cleaning and disinfection, ventilation and personal protection, all key institutions maintain normal operation.
(2) Medium risk areas. In addition to the above prevention and control measures, the following measures should be taken:
1. When the case of COVID-19 is found, the air conditioning and ventilation system should be disinfected and cleaned under the guidance of the local disease control agency, and it can be reused only after passing the hygienic evaluation.
2. Strengthen personnel health monitoring and check health codes.
3. Medical institutions should strengthen temperature detection, strictly pre-check and triage, control the number of patients, and implement closed management in inpatient areas.
4. Nursing homes, nursing homes, children's welfare homes and supervision places should implement measures such as closed management and video visits, and do not hold gathering activities.
5. Schools and kindergartens should adopt closed management and strengthen the management of all kinds of gathering activities. Do not organize large-scale indoor parties unless necessary.
6. It is suggested that training institutions switch from offline to online.
7. It is suggested that enterprises, institutions and other institutions adopt paperless office to reduce the risk of contact and communication, do not hold party activities, take measures such as commuting at wrong time, flexible working system or home office, and do not provide class meals.
(3) High-risk areas. In addition to the above prevention and control measures, the following measures should be taken:
1. Medical institutions should stop elective surgery and high-risk surgery such as routine oral examination and endoscopy.
2. Schools, kindergartens and training institutions stop offline teaching.
3. Children's welfare homes, nursing homes, nursing homes, etc. Parties that visit each other should be avoided and meals should not be provided.
4. Supervision places strictly control the flow of personnel.
What do you mean by "seven noes" in disinfection?
No large-scale disinfection of outdoor environment; Do not disinfect the air in the external environment; Do not directly disinfect personnel with disinfectant; Do not put disinfectants into ponds, reservoirs, artificial lakes and other environments for disinfection; Don't use chemical disinfectants to disinfect the air in the presence of people; Wipe and spray the environment without glutaraldehyde; Do not use high concentration chlorine-containing disinfectant for preventive disinfection.
17. What is the principle of disinfection?
1. The environment and articles are mainly cleaned daily, supplemented by preventive disinfection. Excessive disinfection should be avoided, and when they are polluted, they should be cleaned and disinfected at any time. During the daily preventive disinfection, without obvious pollution (such as dust and food residue visible to the naked eye, etc.). ), you can use the procedure of disinfection before cleaning to remove residues.
2. Physical disinfection method should be the first choice for daily preventive cleaning and disinfection. When chemical disinfection is used, the disinfectant with less irritation and environmental friendliness is preferred; When an infectious disease occurs, choose the appropriate disinfectant according to the pathogen resistance and related scheme requirements.
3. The sterilized medical devices used shall comply with the relevant regulations of disinfection products, and the sterilized medical devices managed by disinfection products shall have effective health and safety evaluation reports and records of disinfection products, and meet the corresponding health requirements; Disinfection effect of unmanaged medical devices in disinfection products should meet the corresponding hygiene requirements.
4. When preparing and using chemical cleaning disinfectant, personal protection should be done, and work clothes, gloves and masks should be worn when necessary, and sufficient ventilation should be ensured; Wash your hands thoroughly after taking off gloves and personal protective equipment.
18. Disinfection measures What do you mean by "disinfection at any time"?
Disinfection at any time refers to the timely disinfection of patients' excreta, vomit, body fluids and their polluted environment and articles during the hospitalization and transportation of cases and asymptomatic infected people.
Nineteen, disinfection measures "terminal disinfection" refers to what?
Terminal disinfection refers to the thorough disinfection after the source of infection leaves the relevant places, and it should be ensured that there are no pathogens in the places and articles after terminal disinfection.
Twenty, novel coronavirus laboratory test specimen collection type?
Each case must collect acute respiratory tract specimens (including upper respiratory tract specimens or lower respiratory tract specimens), and severe cases should give priority to collecting lower respiratory tract specimens; According to clinical needs, stool samples, whole blood samples, serum samples and urine samples can be taken. Collect articles and environmental samples according to monitoring requirements.
Twenty-one, COVID-19 nucleic acid 10 and 1 mixed sampling detection technology refers to?
COVID-19 nucleic acid 10 and 1 mixed sampling detection (10-in- 1test) technology refers to the method of nucleic acid detection by collecting 1 0 person 10 swab in1collection tube.
22. What are the preservation requirements for "COVID-19 Biological Samples"?
Samples used for virus isolation and nucleic acid detection should be detected as soon as possible, and samples that can be detected within 24 hours can be stored at 4℃; Specimens that cannot be detected within 24 hours should be stored at -70℃ or below (if stored at -70℃, they should be temporarily stored in the refrigerator at -20℃). Serum samples can be stored at 4℃ for 3 days and below -20℃ for a long time. A special library or special counter should be set up to store specimens separately.
23. What are the requirements for the packaging of "COVID-19 Biological Samples"?
1. After the samples are collected, they are packed in the biosafety cabinet of the biosafety level II laboratory.
2. All specimens should be placed in a sample collection tube of appropriate size, with a screw cap and washer, and tightened. Mark the sample number, type, name and sampling date outside the container.
3. Put the sealed specimens into sealed bags, each bag is limited to one specimen. The sample packaging requirements shall conform to the corresponding standards in the Technical Rules for Safe Air Transport of Dangerous Goods.
4. If external specimens are involved in transportation, they should be packed in three layers according to the specimen type and Class A or Class B infectious substances. ..
24. What are the personal protective equipment for specific groups of people? How to use it?
All persons who have come into contact with or may come into contact with novel coronavirus's case, asymptomatic people, pollutants (blood, body fluids, secretions, vomit and excrement, etc. ) and its contaminated articles or environmental surfaces should use personal protective equipment, including:
1. gloves. Wear disposable rubber or nitrile gloves when entering polluted areas or performing diagnosis and treatment, disinfect in time when contacting different patients or gloves are damaged, change gloves and carry out hand hygiene.
2. Medical protective mask. When entering the polluted area or carrying out medical treatment, you should wear a medical protective mask or a power supply filter respirator. Before each wear, check the tightness of the wear. When wearing a variety of protective equipment, it is necessary to ensure that the medical protective mask is finally removed.
3. Protective mask or goggles. When entering a polluted area or conducting medical treatment, eyes, conjunctiva and face are at risk of being polluted by blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta and aerosols. Protective masks or goggles should be worn, and reusable goggles should be disinfected and dried in time after each use.
4. Protective clothing. When entering the polluted area or conducting diagnosis and treatment, you should change your personal clothes and wear work clothes (surgical hand brush clothes or disposable clothes, etc.). ), plus protective clothing.
25. What should I pay attention to when removing protective equipment?
1. Contact the contaminated surface as little as possible during unloading.
2. Goggles, rubber boots and other non-disposable goods should be directly soaked in a container filled with disinfectant; The remaining disposable goods should be collected in yellow medical waste.