The relationship between art and history as the history of art Author: Ma Yong Source: This site original hits: 29 Update time: 2006-5- 19 As the history of art, Ma Yong, in our long-accepted educational norms, history is a science.
We have long believed this judgment, at least in my personal experience in the past 20 years, and tried to implement this judgment in my personal research work. The passage of time and the changes of the times, especially the initiator of this meeting urged us to think about whether history is humanistic or scientific, which made me suddenly wake up and suddenly felt that history as a science really has great limitations, and the scientific level seems to exist only in the methodology of history.
We used to say that history is a science, only that history should constantly change itself with the progress of natural science and social science, and constantly absorb the methods of natural science and social science to make its history more like science. History, or the conclusion of history as a whole, is not science, but humanity, or more like an art.
The so-called science mainly refers to what the west can obtain the same result through experiments in modern times. The method, process and result of this experiment can of course be called science.
However, it is impossible for history to reach the same result through experiments. Even if human activities in the future are recorded in large quantities and in detail through various media, I believe that science can't record human thinking process and restore the original appearance of human history. Science only helps history to realize some scientific means, and cannot completely transform history into science.
Taking history as an art aims to emphasize the study of history and believe that the research subject is the historical researcher's own understanding, understanding, judgment and narration of the historical process. History is essentially the knowledge of the smartest people in human history. Faced with the same research object and the same historical materials, these smart people can make different explanations and descriptions.
"Looking at the mountain side into a peak, the distance is different." To a certain extent, this depicts that different researchers always have different perceptions of "historical truth".
It is in this sense that "historical truth" is really a little girl who can dress up as summarized by Hu Shi. Because researchers have different class positions, knowledge backgrounds, operating methods and even moods, different researchers can get different results from the same historical events and historical figures.
We often see or hear some self-righteous historians say to others: I don't agree with you. I don't know that this disagreement itself has already shown the artistic quality of history. A hundred artists can create a hundred different Qin Shihuang just like Zhang Yimou. Of course, it is impossible for a hundred historians to write only exactly the same Emperor Kangxi.
Qin Shihuang and Emperor Kangxi have only one history, but artists and historians may create different or even opposite images, which not only proves the artistry of history, but also strengthens the profound influence of researchers' class position, knowledge background, personal experience, aesthetic taste and even mood on historical research. Through the further study of these different results, we will find another result, that is, although these descriptions are obviously different, even worlds apart, even those "jokes", "crooked criticisms" and even "plain boiled water" can always be welcomed and loved by some audiences, which proves to some extent that the historical deconstruction, reconstruction, interpretation, explanation, narration and reproduction of these arts at least meet or cater to a certain aspect.
There is no law in the history created by the most spiritual human beings, and the fruits of yesterday can constitute today's cause. However, due to the cleverness of historical creators or the memory and absorption of human experience, this causal relationship does not always constitute a strict logical relationship. For example, bad things can be turned into good things, but it doesn't mean that all bad things have to be turned into good things.
Therefore, the so-called historical law we have been pursuing in the past is actually a utopia in our minds, not a real existence. Otherwise, if historical laws really exist, it is entirely possible for people to infer the past, present and future of human beings through logical reasoning and the operation of large computers.
This is obviously impossible. There is real existence, which is an objective reality, but it can neither be obtained by researchers nor explained by historical creators.
"I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain." If we carefully examine the different memories of the participants in the same event, we will easily agree with this judgment.
History is an artistic knowledge, which is of course the knowledge of some smart people. This does not mean that history only needs personal wisdom without hard work, especially reading a lot.
On the contrary, the cleverness of historians is based on a lot of reading and information collection. If a historian can't keep reading and endure lonely meditation, then he can only be a "cleverness" without roots and passive water. The great wisdom or wisdom of historians mainly refers to the study of history. On the basis of reading a lot and fully occupying all the materials, it largely depends on the personal ability, personal experience, personal knowledge background and personal subjective imagination of the researchers.
A so-called historian who doesn't know the way of the world in real life, doesn't know the priorities, and even "can't tell right from wrong", his research results are hard to convince. If a historian can't love real life like an artist and doesn't pay attention to the moment of social change and the surrounding environment in which he lives, it's hard to believe that his research has much value.
Life experience and personal experience expand the artistic imagination of historians. A successful great historian is not necessarily a success in life, but he must be a first-class smart strongman. Just like all art forms, history can't move forward without personal subjective imagination. Even under the guidance of the extremely scientific historical view that "history is historical materials", it is hard to imagine what achievements will be made.
It is in this sense that the author agrees with another view of Hu Shi, that is, bold assumption. History cannot leave assumptions.
Is history science or artistic abstraction]1The practice of historiography before the 9th century shows that historiography is scientific and artistic. With the establishment of scientific concept in the field of natural science, since the 9th century, western historians have started a debate on the nature of history. Or think it is art, or believe it is science, or advocate both. My point of view is: as far as subject personality is concerned, history is a science, and it follows the research approach of drawing conclusions from facts and laws from laws; As far as forms of expression are concerned, art has a great influence on historiography.
Keywords: history, science and art Croce, Bree, Humphrey Trevelyan Russell
What kind of discipline is history? Is it as rigorous as natural science, or a humanities discipline that reflects social life like literature and art, or is it both scientific and artistic? This orientation of historical nature is related to the discussion of historical nature, which has important theoretical and practical significance.
First, two tendencies of historical practice before modern times.
Since its birth, historiography has shown two tendencies: scientific and artistic. Since ancient times, there has been "no distinction between literature and history" in China, which shows the great influence of literature on historiography. In western mythology, Cleo, the goddess of history, is a muse and a literary goddess. It is generally believed that myths, legends and epics are the pupae of history. They all contain a large number of fictional and untrue elements, which have been processed by people's art. Although they all contain the true core of history to a certain extent, they are not historiography and still belong to the category of literature and art. It can be seen that history is born out of literature and art, which is beyond doubt.