Experts said that it is a consensus reached by the government and society in recent years to change Beijing from a single-center model to a multi-center model to solve the problems of "big city diseases" such as population congestion, traffic congestion and shortage of public resources. But as the capital, Beijing's urban planning and construction changes are sensitive and complicated. The information revealed at this meeting means that Beijing has truly achieved a historic breakthrough in functional reconciliation.
Focus one
How to deconstruct the function?
Construction of Tongzhou Administrative Sub-center, Government Driving Enterprises and Institutions to Move Abroad
On June 5438+0 1, the closing plenary session of Beijing Municipal Committee proposed that Beijing would speed up the planning and construction of the municipal administrative sub-center with Tongzhou as the focus, and achieved remarkable results in 20 17. Legend has it that Tongzhou has been an administrative sub-center for a long time, and finally the dust settles.
Some experts pointed out that the relocation of the administrative sub-center is a key and symbolic action for Beijing to implement the coordinated development plan of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, solve the diseases in the big cities of the capital and realize functional relief.
Hu Gang, president of the Urban Planning Society of China South China Urban Planning Institute, said that this is a pragmatic move to implement the central government's positioning of Beijing as a political center, a cultural center, an international exchange center and a scientific and technological innovation center. Relieving some administrative functions of the government from the overcrowded central city can not only drive the new sub-center in the outer suburbs to be truly built through the flow of resources and services; At the same time, the government takes the lead in solving problems involving huge interest adjustment, and will also set an example for central enterprises and institutions and play a leading role.
Zhao Hong, vice president of Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, said that the construction of administrative sub-centers should conscientiously sum up the experience and lessons of Beijing's central city development. First, we should make forward-looking planning, plan the rail transit construction in advance, let the planning lead the layout of population industry, prevent the sub-center from "spreading the pie", leave permanent farmland and green space, and prevent new "urban diseases", instead of waiting for the arrival of resources to rebuild; Second, relieve Beijing's public service resources as soon as possible, improve the service capacity of the sub-center, and strive for obvious progress in 20 17; Third, according to the cross-regional strategic thinking, plan the joint development of Tongzhou Sub-center and Yanjiao, Dachang, Xianghe, Wuqing, Baodi and other counties in Hebei and Tianjin. Use a blueprint to make Tongzhou a pioneer and experimental area for the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.
In addition, experts believe that first of all, we should be alert to the speculation of housing prices, which will affect the overall situation. Recently, the unit price of many properties in Tongzhou has risen from about 25,000 yuan to more than 30,000 yuan, and the unit price of some properties in Yanjiao has recently risen to 1.8 million yuan. /kloc-on 0/2, the reporter called several sales offices in Tongzhou, Hebei Province and neighboring Yanjiao and Dachang, and was told that the pre-sale was suspended at present, saying that "the price will definitely increase next, and the developers are still studying the specific increase".
Peng Yi, director of the Urbanization Research Center of the International Finance Forum, said that the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei will definitely lead to a certain increase in housing prices in satellite cities around Beijing. However, if the expected increase is over-hyped, coordinated development will be alienated into real estate development by Beijing, which will make it difficult for factors to flow, weaken the motivation of industrial transfer and population flow, and build a new "sleeping city", lacking the motivation of sustainable and long-term development.
Focus 2
How to relieve the population?
Industry, education, medical resources relief and guidance.
The plenary session of the Beijing Municipal Committee said that the planning outline has defined the population control target of 23 million, which is the bottom line that we must firmly hold. To this end, Beijing will increase the efforts of "controlling people by industry" and "managing people by housing", and the six districts of the city will strive to reduce by about 15%, so as to coordinate the population, resources and environment with the strategic position of the capital city and make the work and life of citizens more convenient.
In fact, although Beijing has adopted the strictest settlement policy in China in recent years, from 2000 to 20 13, the resident population still increased by 8.57 million, with an average annual growth of more than 600,000. At the end of 20 14, the permanent population of Beijing was 2 15 16000. Experts pointed out that if the bottom line is strictly observed, in more than five years, the population of Beijing will be less than 6.5438+0.5 million, less than 250,000 per year.
Zhao Hong said that overpopulation is the core manifestation of "big city disease", especially in water-deficient cities like Beijing, where groundwater is seriously over-exploited. The contradiction of water use in Beijing cannot be solved through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. We should consider "setting the city, land, people and production by water" to prevent the population from getting out of control.
Liu Zhiyan, a researcher at the Institute of Urban Development and Environment of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that population disintegration is the core and sensitive issue of capital functional disintegration. It is not feasible to rely solely on the household registration system and administrative restrictions, and it must be guided from the source of urban function setting. Only through the external expansion of industrial, medical and educational resources can people living in the suburbs of Beijing find jobs, go to school and seek medical treatment conveniently, thus attracting people to move out.
At present, Beijing is stepping up its industrial restriction catalogue and urban transformation. In 20 14, Beijing has shut down 392 general manufacturing and polluting enterprises, built 30 industrial reconciliation cooperation platforms, promoted 53 industrial transfer reconciliation projects, and dismantled 36 commodity trading markets in the central city. Symbolic industries such as Xizhihe stone market and activity batch market began to move.
In addition, the scale of public services such as education and medical care in some central cities is also under control. Medical institutions in the East and West Districts are prohibited from increasing beds. Tiantan Hospital in the Second Ring Road will be moved to Fengtai as a whole, while Yanda Hospital in Yanjiao, Hebei Province signed an agreement with Beijing Tiantan Hospital to build the largest brain center in JD.COM. At the same time, many universities are also building new campuses in the outer suburbs of Beijing and Hebei, and the Qinhuangdao campus in beijing university of chemical technology is about to start construction.
Focus 3
How to break the "three points per acre"?
Integration cannot be "burden-free"
"Some places discussed at the meeting the day before to relieve the population, and the next day they discussed how to develop industry and how to set up stalls." Gao Yang, deputy chief engineer of Beijing Urban Planning and Design Institute, said that this idea has not yet got rid of the dependence on traditional industries. On the one hand, economic development depends on man-made cities and prospers cities through industry, on the other hand, the population is bloated and people are restricted by cities.
Experts pointed out that whether it is the construction of administrative sub-centers, population control, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei traffic integration, ecological environment protection, industrial upgrading and transfer construction, the most crucial thing is how to break the existing administrative division of "one acre and three points" and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, so that synergy can really see practical results instead of becoming a slogan.
According to the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission and the Economic and Information Committee, in 20 14, Beijing restricted or banned general manufacturing industries such as building materials, paper making and textiles, coal-fired power generation and regional logistics bases. The core areas, including Dongcheng District and Xicheng District, also prohibit the construction and wholesale industry, and prohibit the construction and expansion of colleges and universities and large hospitals. The elimination of polluting enterprises has also changed from "calling" to "forcing".
The relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission said that these practices all reflect Beijing's determination to "do subtraction".
As for Hebei, which undertook the transfer, in 20 14, it imported 375.7 billion yuan from Beijing and Tianjin, accounting for 5 1% of the total foreign capital.
Experts pointed out that to really break the "three points per mu", we should strengthen the breakthrough from two aspects. Wang Yuhai, a professor at School of Resources, Beijing Normal University, said that industrial clusters should be used as a carrier to promote the industrial transfer bridge between Beijing and Tianjin: R&D can be located in Beijing, but production, manufacturing and sales are all transferred out, and the resulting tax sharing mechanism will be broken in the next step. If there is no benefit-sharing mechanism, the tax will be transferred out of the local area, and the transfer out of the local area will only solve the employment problem, with little tax revenue and competition greater than cooperation.
In addition, experts pointed out that people's livelihood projects such as coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, college entrance examination, retirement security, and medical settlement in different places should be solved first.