Look! The outdoor activities began, and the children played happily on the slide. The smiling face was flushed with excitement, while I was busy reminding the children to pay attention to safety and the rules of playing slides. At this moment, a small hand reached out and grabbed my hand tightly. When I saw it, it turned out to be Yi Yi, the most beloved child in the class. I thought she wanted to spoil me again, so I picked her up and kissed her, but she still didn't want to play on the slide. When I went, she followed me, but her eyes looked at the children on the slide and she looked happy and wanted to play, but she kept holding my hand. So I said to yiyi:? Look, how happy the children on the slide are. Go and play, too! ? Yiyi said:? Mom said you'd fall down playing on the slide. ? It turned out that Yiyi didn't dare to play the slide because she was afraid of falling and getting hurt. So, I took her to the slide and told her: As long as you walk slowly and slide slowly, you won't fall. ? But she still had no confidence, so I comforted her and said, the teacher is with you, so go and play. ? Yiyi summoned up the courage to walk on the slide. When she slipped down the slide, the expression on her face changed from self-confidence to excitement. She ran up to me and said, I'm not afraid. ? Then I continued to play happily on the slide.
Through this outdoor activity, I think teachers should encourage and praise children in life, so that children can make a qualitative leap in all aspects. I believe that children will be more excellent if they are encouraged and praised! Come on, kids!
Children's outdoor activities 5 1. The significance of outdoor game activities;
Some phenomena:
1. At present, the only child has become a common social phenomenon in China. Parents and grandparents love inappropriate economic satisfaction and excessive protection, so that children grow up in excessive love. Most children have poor self-care ability, strong dependence, backward sports ability and strong self-centered consciousness.
Nowadays, many kindergartens can't guarantee children's outdoor play time, especially some private parks. Safety first? Consciousness goes deep into every teacher's heart. In order to ensure no accidents, they took? Blocking? The extreme way is to let children watch cartoons, play with plastic inserts and do their homework in the house, and try not to go out if possible. Due to the lack of knowledge about preschool education, informal teachers don't understand the important value of outdoor game activities to children's physical and mental development, and blindly cultivate them? Good boy? I wonder if it is not worth the loss at the expense of children's health.
3. due to? Hurricane education? In order to cater to some parents, including public parks, courses such as pinyin, literacy and abacus mental arithmetic have been set up, and some kindergartens have added courses, which have occupied the outdoor game time that originally belonged to children.
There are no soldiers to test in this country.
"Kindergarten Education Outline" clearly points out:? Develop colorful outdoor games and sports activities, cultivate children's interest and habits in participating in sports activities, strengthen their physique and improve their adaptability to the environment. ? Ensure that children have proper self-choice and free time every day? .
The Regulations on Kindergarten Work clearly states:? One of the main goals of conservation and education is to promote the coordinated development of children's normal physical development and function, and enhance their physique, which is enough to show the important role of children's outdoor activities.
We believe that actively carrying out scientific and reasonable outdoor activities and cultivating children's interest in outdoor activities are one of the important means to enhance children's physique and health. In the preschool stage, children's bodies grow rapidly and have great plasticity, and their organ systems are not yet fully developed, and their body shape and structure have not yet been finalized. Therefore, according to the law of children's growth and development, it provides conditions for children to carry out scientific and reasonable outdoor activities. And make full use of outdoor natural factors such as sunshine, air and water for proper exercise, which will play a great role in improving the physiological functions of children's systems and organs, developing children's personality, promoting children's physical and mental health, increasing children's interest and habits in sports activities, strengthening their physique, and improving their ability to adapt to the environment and resist diseases.
The Municipal Education Commission and the County Education Commission also put forward the initiative of "Sunshine Sports for Two Hours". Slogans include: sports and healthy living; Enhance physical fitness and revitalize the nation! I am healthy, I exercise and I am happy. Notice on developing sunshine sports activities in kindergartens of all levels and types in Beijing? Spirit, implement the "Beijing kindergarten education guidelines", our park to ensure two hours of outdoor sports activities as a starting point, constantly deepen the reform of kindergarten health education, promote national sports, improve the quality of children's sports activities in our park. Campaign slogan:? I exercise, I am healthy, I am happy, I grow? Love sports, sunshine and health? Keep exercising, get close to nature, embrace the sunshine and develop in an all-round way? Enhance physical fitness and work happily? Highlights? Full participation? Do it. Is it a lot? 、? Four persistences? That is, all the children in the park, faculty and staff participate, and the number is large.
? Four persistences? Insist on not less than 3 national sports activities every day; Adhere to children's outdoor activities for 2 hours every day to ensure 1 hour of scientific sports activities; Insist that faculty and staff should take proper physical exercise every day; Insist on holding parent-child sports activities once every semester, and open sports facilities to the community 1 ~ 2 times a month.
Second, some obvious features of external activities:
1. Outdoor activities are an important part of kindergarten education and teaching, and they are also planned and purposeful educational activities.
Although there are two kinds of activities inside and outside the park, the activities inside and outside the park complement each other. The activities in the park are still closed, only the communication between teachers and students has a certain distance from the social contact, while the activities outside the park are real social exercises. Under the condition that the guardianship of adults is relatively weak, children must solve their own problems relatively independently. At this time, they will get more practical exercises and develop in the process of thinking and solving problems. Although these two forms of outdoor activities are different, they are both purposeful activities based on educational purposes. Outdoor activities are not random, but changes in educational environment and forms, which are the supplement and extension of indoor educational activities.
2. Outdoor activities are an important channel to achieve kindergarten education goals and children's development level.
These four educational tasks can be put forward to children's independent activities in a wider range through outdoor activities. With the increase of children's activity frequency, the body has also developed accordingly, and the coordination of the body has also been enhanced. Children often get in touch with the sun and breathe fresh air in outdoor activities, which enhances their adaptability to the external environment, strengthens their body's resistance and promotes the metabolism and growth of new students. In terms of knowledge accumulation and intellectual development, outdoor activities are more connected. In moral education, direct participation in social activities has richer educational contents and forms of survival education, and has a social education foundation that can be fully utilized, so that children can better experience understanding, friendship and sincerity in the real society. In terms of artistic design, the beauty of nature, the artistic beauty created by human beings in society and the spiritual beauty of hard workers from all walks of life will be experienced in the interaction between children and other members of society. Such as; Diligent students, selfless dedication of the PLA, etc.
3. It is more important for the all-round development of children's body and mind.
In outdoor activities, children and children are equal, and children and teachers care and help each other, which is different from parents' education. Motherly love in the family focuses on life care, and children rely too much on their parents, which is not conducive to the cultivation of their independent life. Outdoor activities are one of the important tasks to cultivate children's gradual adaptation to social life and promote children's socialization. Because the vast activity environment outside the park provides opportunities for children to express themselves freely, children can express themselves fully and freely in a relaxed environment without too much intervention from adults. At the same time, children in group activities will also be influenced by group psychological factors, which will fully develop their potential.
4. Outdoor activities are an organic opportunity for teachers to understand, help and guide children to realize their personality development.
Because of the particularity of the only child in China, we can find that the independence, perseverance and cooperation spirit of children in China are relatively lacking. So childhood needs to be appropriate? Exercise? Yes, and only by letting children directly participate in social life, properly experience and feel the emotions of different life roles, actively experience or feel the benefits brought by nature, and face difficulties and hardships relatively independently can they form a sound personality and good character. The children in the group, influenced by the group factors, will also let the children's innate potential be fully displayed. What role should teachers play in children's activities? The correct way is to be with children in an equal manner, which can not only stimulate their enthusiasm, but also make it easier to find out whether the conclusions drawn by children in the process of exploration and operation are correct. Through teachers' timely and flexible questions, children will be guided to find out whether their conclusions are problematic, and children will naturally have a strong interest in science in their thinking. It is interest that leads to the development of personality, which is promoted by encouragement.
Third, the types of outdoor activities.
1. Game activities Large outdoor toys, free activities, sports activities, sunbathing, water games, etc.
2. Collective education activities, such as festivals, performances, tours, sightseeing, etc. , to be targeted, safe, purposeful, planned and educational.
3. The activity area refers to the outdoor activity area.
4. Hiking has extensive contact with society and nature, and personally feels the beauty of the environment and social features.
Fourth, the principle of outdoor activities
1, the gradual principle of activities: planned, step by step, according to certain procedures, from simple to complex, from a small amount to a large amount, from light to gradual strengthening, from relatively quiet to active state.
Reasonable arrangement of exercise amount. Using the method of measuring pulse immediately after exercise, it is easy to master the exercise amount of children. From the experimental observation, a single exercise is generally 8- 10 times, and the pulse rises to 174- 186 times/minute immediately after exercise, and the total time of each exercise is 15-20 minutes. It is most suitable for the body to sweat slightly after exercise.
2. Regularity principle: we should persist in it. Make sure to take children outdoors for exercise every day, develop their abilities and meet their play needs.
3. Principle of alternating motion and static motion: Different types and properties of motion should be reasonably matched. By letting children alternately engage in different activities, they can prevent the fatigue of the nervous system, maintain a happy mood of body and mind, and play the role of overall exercise. For example, children in small classes like sports games with large activities? Wolf, what time is it? Sometimes when they are sweating and panting, the teacher can take them to play some sports games with less exercise, such as? I'm a dry cock? And so on, let children do some small moves in the same place, so as to control and regulate their movements and better organize and guide their activities.
4. Principle of comprehensive exercise: ensure that all parts and skills can be fully coordinated and developed. For example, children's neck, chest, waist, upper limbs, lower limbs and other parts of the body should develop in harmony. We should exercise basic sports skills such as walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing and drilling.
5, the principle of individual treatment: activity design should consider the needs of children with different abilities, change the past? One size fits all? Based on the individual differences of children, we put forward different requirements for children with different development levels and abilities. For those children with good motor development, increase the difficulty appropriately and let them? Did you have fun? ; For those children with poor sports development, lower their sports requirements and let them experience it? The happiness of success? . For example, in hurdles, children should be provided with several hurdles with different heights so that they can choose freely. Children choose the height suitable for their own practice according to their own ability and level, and then choose whether to increase their height according to their actual situation. There is also education for individual obese children and care for frail children.
Five, according to the age characteristics of children, reasonable selection of materials, carefully designed sports games.
(1) Steps of sports activity design: activity name, activity goal, activity preparation, activity process and activity extension.
(2) In early childhood, there are obvious age differences. When designing sports games, we should consider the psychological, physiological and sports characteristics of children of different ages.
The psychological, physiological and sports characteristics of children are arranged as follows for your reference:
Small class: single movements are easy to master, but technical movements are difficult to accept; I like to play similar games, especially those with characters. I don't like to take part in competitions, competitions and activities with heavy exercise. I mainly play independent sports.
Middle class: can master simple different movements, but it is still difficult to create big movements; I like team games and am interested in cooperative sports, while competitive games only pay attention to the process and have a weak purpose.
Big class: able to master technical movements and use your brain to complete some difficult movements. For example, to play some creativity or several sports equipment combinations, you need to complete several actions at the same time; I like to play creative, changeable, competitive and strenuous games.
Taking drilling and climbing targets as an example, design a sports activity to let children actively participate in game activities. Teachers should first understand the characteristics of children's physical and mental development, especially the characteristics of motor development. For example, children in large classes are more suitable for some difficult drilling and climbing activities, and the equipment used for drilling and climbing activities can be slightly longer. To this end, you can prepare interesting and multi-level activity equipment: a set of large flat mats? Because there are no obstacles on the big mat, children with weak courage and poor mobility can feel safe and can carry out various forms of crawling activities; A set of step mats? Putting a group of small square mats in a ladder shape, the change of the height direction of the mats can increase the difficulty of the crawling process, which is challenging to some extent and can exercise the courage and ability of children to overcome obstacles and difficulties; A set of fully enclosed arched holes combined with drilling and climbing adds to its mystery. Moreover, this arched form conforms to children's curious psychological characteristics and can make them have the desire to explore and move. Of course, a single drilling and crawling activity is easy to make children bored, which is not conducive to the development of children's exploration spirit and innovation ability. Therefore, by increasing auxiliary materials to stimulate children's interest in participating in activities, while infiltrating some rules of activities. For example, provide some toy guns, letters and so on. Give it to children, and let them imitate the PLA's fighting, sending chicken hair letters and other plots for side climbing or crawling exercises. Activities can arouse children's interest in activities and promote the development of their big muscles.
Sixth, create an outdoor sports game environment conducive to children's development.
A good outdoor environment in kindergarten can meet the needs of children's activities, give them a sense of security, make them feel relaxed and happy, stimulate their desire to participate in sports games and promote their development. Teachers should provide multifunctional and changeable activity materials that meet children's interests and different levels of development, and promote the interaction between children and materials. In outdoor games, it is an important factor to guide children to learn actively by providing them with game materials that meet their interests. It can stimulate children to participate in sports games and promote their physical development in sports games.
1, grasp the whole, and build a harmonious outdoor venue.
It's mentioned in the syllabus? Environment is an important educational resource, and children's development should be effectively promoted through the creation and utilization of the environment? . In the overall layout of outdoor venues, various factors are fully considered, such as mounds, wall murals, corner plants, winding mounds, role-playing areas under stairs, environmental protection signs on the grass, hanging ornaments on stair handrails, ground grids, footprints, and various geometric figures of steps. Make outdoor venues three-dimensional, multi-level and multi-perspective? Textbooks? To meet the needs of children's multi-faceted development.
Outdoor activities in kindergartens are very energetic. Pay attention to the change of overall layout and color matching, and set up pools, gravel roads, grasslands, brick fields, sand pools, trees, heaped mountains, etc. Make outdoor activities high and low, convex and concave, hard and soft, straight and curved, ladder and flat, give children a variety of sensory stimuli, obey their curious and mobile nature, and leave them an associative space.
2. Reasonably divide and create outdoor activity areas.
In recent years, in the wave of preschool education reform, new forms of games have emerged. Regional activities. Therefore, inspired by this, we rationally divide and regionalize outdoor activity venues. Sports activity area includes ball area, rope area, large and medium-sized equipment area, track and field area, drilling and climbing area, etc. To meet the needs of various educational goals and provide conditions and help for further implementation of educational goals.
In the construction of outdoor venues, we not only pay attention to material conditions and hard environment? The creation, but also pay attention to the soft environment of cultural atmosphere? Build and release? Difficult environment? And then what? Soft environment? Closely combined. In all kinds of activity areas, set up obvious signs, match with pictures and words that conform to regional characteristics, and create a cultural background. Such as sports area: setting? I'm brave? 、? Help each other? 、? Don't push or squeeze? 、? Various sports trends? Waiting for the picture, let the children learn not to be afraid of difficulties, be brave and strong; Learn humility and cooperation. Reflect the requirements of health field in the outline: namely? Cultivate children's strong, brave and fearless will, initiative, optimism and cooperative spirit in sports activities? Thinking concept. Another example is the feeding area: setting? Love small animals? 、? Living habits of animals? And other signs, so that children can understand the relevant knowledge, know the significance of protecting animals, and reach the scientific field mentioned in the outline? Take care of animals and plants and let children have a preliminary understanding of the environment? The educational goal of.
3. Scientifically place toys and materials that are conducive to children's development.
Toys and materials are an important part of the environment and the material basis for children's direct activities. Children's development depends on the operation of materials. Montessori believes that children's intrinsic potential is developed with the stimulation and help of the environment, which is the result of the interaction between individuals and the environment. Therefore, the transmission of materials is an important part of education, teaching and activity design.
First, the material is rich to meet children's different interests.
Besides buying some appliances, such as ropes, balls, rubber bands, etc. We should also adhere to the principle of doing more with less money, adapting to local conditions and turning waste into treasure, and make a large number of sports toys ourselves. For example, orange granules, yogurt bottles and coconut cans can be connected with elastic bands to make stretchers; Use handkerchiefs and bottle caps to make parachutes; Cut bamboo into many sections and turn it into bamboo sticks, and guide children to do one more thing to play: children can run relay races or ride horses, and children can cooperate with each other to play? Driving a train? Fireworks? Skip the box? Waiting for many games. No matter the quantity or type of materials, they are rich and varied. This can meet the different interests of children.
Second, provide materials that meet children's different levels of development.
According to the different characteristics of children's development, the hierarchy of materials should be considered, so that every child can have a successful experience and healthy development. For example, provide balance beams with different heights and shapes that can be pieced together; In the throwing game, there are throwing boxes of different sizes, some with smaller mouths, some with larger mouths, some with higher mouths, some with shorter mouths, some with straight mouths and some with oblique mouths. In these materials with different requirements and different contents, every child can get passion, satisfaction and successful experience in the activities. Making children exercise shooting ability from all angles is also conducive to the development of children's visual sports ability and sports accuracy, and is also conducive to cultivating children's sports adaptability. Let children of different ages get great development.
Third, provide materials that can guide children to innovate constantly.
Each toy material has its own function and characteristics, especially for some common materials in kindergartens, such as balls, rings, ropes, mats, sandbags and so on. You can be creative. After we are familiar with the functions of various activity materials and master their skills, we can develop and explore their new ways of playing and guide children to play more than one thing creatively. For example, rope, in addition to playing together (jumping), can also play together? Swing rope? 、? Drill rope? 、? Throw a rope? 、? Step on the rope? A series of novel ways of playing; Another example is the movement on the mat. In addition to the normal laying of the mat, you can also play various actions on the mat, stack the mat high and play various crawling and jumping actions. Overlap and cross to form a hillside shape, making it more difficult to move on the mat? Different ways of playing develop different movements and abilities. There are also some valuable waste semi-finished materials that can inspire children and parents to collect all kinds of game materials: cartons, paper cups, coke bottles, newspapers, tires, etc? Children choose these various materials according to their own interests and level, and create various game materials under the guidance of teachers, such as throwing and catching balls, badminton, trolleys, newspaper balls, tree hangings and so on. Let the children get the exercise of big muscles and small muscles in a happy experience.
Fourth, toys and materials should be adjusted in time.
In the preset environment, children interact with the environment and start activities independently, but their interests will change constantly. If the environment is fixed and unchanged, children's independent activities will not be fully developed. Teachers should be good at finding the combination of children's interests, requirements, original level and educational objectives and contents, and adjust toys and materials in time to provide sufficient space for children's imagination and creation to meet the needs of children's continuous development.
Fifth, let children participate in the transportation of toys and materials.
? Let children truly become the masters of the environment and promote their active development? This concept has been accepted by colleagues in preschool education. Let children participate in the creation of the environment. What should be put in each section? How can I put it? How to decorate the corner? These are all discussed, made and put together with children, so that children can recognize and care for things in the environment more.
Problems that teachers should pay attention to in organizing outdoor sports games.
(1) security
Safety is the first factor to be considered in sports competitions. Teachers should check the scope of activities, venues and toy facilities in advance to eliminate unsafe factors. For example, check sports equipment and venues, dry them when they are wet, and replace them when they are damaged. In view of the wide range of outdoor activities and the scattered activities of children, it is impossible for teachers to take care of every child's sight. Therefore, before the activity, it is necessary to check whether the children's equipment is neat and whether there are sharp things in their pockets, and explain the rules of the activity and related safety matters to the children. Children should first carry out necessary safety education in activities, cultivate their initial awareness of self-protection, tell them some methods of self-protection, and further enhance their awareness of self-protection. For example, let children know not to put their hands in their pockets when outdoors. If they fall down and put their hands in their pockets, they will hurt their faces. If you fall, hold the ground with your hands, so that you won't hurt your face and so on. Adjust the children's exercise load during activities, dry them in time when they sweat, the teacher should walk around, and pay attention to health care. Reduce clothes before activities and increase clothes after activities. Observe children's activities in time, make appropriate adjustments, avoid the possibility of some accidents, correct children's dangerous actions in time, listen to children's conversations and evaluate them, and give guidance and help in time when problems are found.
(2) Purpose
The selection of game content and the use of toy materials should be planned according to short-term goals. To prevent the same thing from happening? Old face? The content of. Take a step-by-step approach to new forms of activities, from easy to difficult.
(3) interest.
1. Design interesting games according to children's life experience.
Interest is a person's internal motivation to complete a task or activity. The monotonous form of sports activities can't stimulate children's interest in sports. When designing activities, it is more important to adhere to the principle of fun. Only when the designed activities are lively and interesting can children be interested, actively participate and persist in overcoming difficulties. According to the characteristics of toys and venues, the activities can be gamified or added with plots and characters to make them more interesting. For example, when playing a chair game, designing the scene of little soldiers fighting into a child's favorite way will greatly enhance children's interest in activities, otherwise the boring chair activities will make children feel bored. We should also pay attention to step by step, from simple to complex, so that children can gradually master it. For example, a basic sports skill can be cultivated by practicing a single basic sports skill for a short time, and then combining the improvement of sports skills with games. In a variety of games, the excitability of children's central nervous system can be continuously improved. The brain is in such a good functional state, and children are happy, interested and focused, which is helpful to learn various motor skills, keep exercising and achieve the purpose of strengthening their physique.
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