Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827) is the last and greatest representative of Viennese music school. Beethoven 1770 12 16 was born in Bonn, a small town near the French border on the Rhine. My father is a high school male singer in the court orchestra, and my mother is a chef. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Palace Orchestra.
Beethoven showed musical talent from an early age, and his father knew his son's musical talent for a long time. In order to cultivate him into a child prodigy like Mozart, he was forced to learn piano and violin at the age of four, and began to perform in concerts and try to compose music at the age of eight. However, his music education in this period has been very chaotic and unsystematic. Beethoven dropped out of school at the age of eleven and concentrated on studying music at home. At the age of twelve, he was able to play freely and worked as an assistant to organist Nie Fei (1748- 1798). Thirteen-year-old Beethoven was hired as a harpsichord player by Bonn Theatre and officially became a professional musician. At this time, he began to formally learn music from Nie Fei. Nie Fei is a versatile musician. He broadened Beethoven's artistic horizons, familiarized him with some excellent examples of German classical art, and consolidated Beethoven's understanding of lofty goals. Beethoven's formal study and systematic upbringing actually began with Nie Fei's careful teaching and training: Nie Fei also led him to teach Mozart in Vienna from 65438 to 0787. After listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day.
Beethoven received the news of his mother's death shortly after he arrived in Vienna, and he had to go back to Bonn at once. Due to the drag of his family, he didn't come to Vienna for the second time until his father died in the autumn of 1792, but Mozart was no longer alive. After Beethoven came to Vienna for the second time, he quickly gained the position of the most outstanding performer (especially improvisation) in Vienna. After that, he studied under Haydn, Schenk, Ablisberg and salieri. Beethoven has been growing up in the music of Mozart and Haydn, so that when he started writing, his style was similar to that of his predecessors.
As a freelance musician in Vienna, his situation is better than Mozart's, but he suffers from personal relations. He contacted many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time through his association with Bonn intellectual Brenin, and was influenced by the trend of thought of "hurricane movement" from them. His democratic thought was mature a few years before the French Revolution, but it developed rapidly in the revolutionary era. 1789 French bourgeois revolution and progress inspired him greatly and laid the foundation of his humanistic world outlook-believing in human equality, pursuing justice and personal freedom, and hating the oppression of feudal autocracy. He once said: "One year of freedom is much more useful to mankind than a hundred years of absolutism." The slogan of "freedom, equality and fraternity" in the French Revolution deeply touched him, and made him initially determine the most advanced bourgeois outlook on life at that time. He once wrote in his notes: "Freedom! ! ! What can people need more than it? " "I love freedom more than anything else-I won't betray the truth even before the throne!" "In the art world, as in all great creations, free development is the goal." This is Beethoven's oath.
His creation realized these vows, created many immortal chapters, and realized his "through suffering-towards joy; Through struggle-to victory ". This is reflected in his violin concerto, the fourth piano concerto, the fifth piano concerto and other works, especially the ninth symphony, which declares Beethoven's ideal purpose-the unity and friendship of all mankind.
Beethoven is one of the most original composers. His main and most important works are symphonic music, of which nine symphonies are the most important.
Beethoven's creative conception is broad, his image is magnificent, his feelings are deep and his contrast is sharp, which makes him pay attention to the adoption and expansion of sonata form. At the same time, due to the rich and diverse images, the sonata form used in each work has its own characteristics. Beethoven's other orchestral works include violin concerto, five piano concertos, two overtures, piano band, chorus fantasia, two violins and orchestra romance. Although the three famous composers of Vienna Classical School lived in similar times, Beethoven's thoughts obviously did not belong to the same era as Haydn and Mozart. Haydn was humiliated all his life. Although he is occasionally provoked, he always resigns. At that time, progressive literary thoughts and revolutionary emotions rarely excited him, and his music was always insulated from struggle. Mozart suffered no less mental pain than Haydn. He dared to resist, preferring poverty to endure the insult of the archbishop. However, in his music, people often feel a kind of pain, melancholy and sadness behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality. Only Beethoven, who not only angrily opposed the autocratic feudal system, but also called on people to fight for freedom and happiness with his music.
Beethoven's creations in Bonn (1782- 1792) are mostly small piano pieces, duets and songs. It can be said that he was still in the preparatory stage of creation during this period. During his first ten years in Vienna (1792- 1802), his famous works were Sorrow, Moonlight, Croce Sonata, Piano Concerto No.3 and so on. But during this period, he had a better understanding of social and political issues, and he could also achieve the goal he tried to explore. 1802- 18 12 years, his creation entered a mature stage and became his "heroic age".
The choir consists of two Masses (C major and D major), the oratorio Christ in Mount Olive and the Ninth Symphony.
Dramatic works include the opera Federio, the score Egmont, The King of Stevin, The Ruins of Athens and the ballet The Birth of Prometheus.
Chamber music includes septets, piano and wind quintets, string quintets, string quartets, sixteen Grand Fugues, four string trio, flute, violin and China piano serenade, six piano trio, ten clarinets, cello, piano trio, violin sonatas, five cello sonatas and horn sonatas, and thirty-two very important piano sonatas.
The songs include the vocal divertimento "For a Lover Far Away", the female voice and the live band "Ah! Disloyal people and other vocal and piano music.
Beethoven is basically classical in music genre, but his later period obviously has romantic factors, so it seems that he should be classified as a romantic genre. Representative works: Symphony No.3, No.5, No.6, No.7, No.9 (Op.55, No.67, No.68, No.92, 125), overture Egmont (Op.84), overture Lin Leolin (Op.62) and Piano Concerto No.5.
The mature process of Beethoven's creative activities seems to be quite slow on the surface, but in fact it is very smooth. He didn't write his first symphony until he was thirty, but Mozart had written about forty symphonies at this age.
Beethoven began to feel his hearing was getting weaker and weaker from 1796, but it was not until 180 1 that he was convinced that his ear disease was incurable and told his friends about it. However, his love for art and life overcame his personal pain and despair-suffering became the source of his creative power. At the peak of such a spiritual crisis, he began to write his optimistic hero symphony. This heroic symphony marks the turning point of Beethoven's spirit and the beginning of his heroic era.
In the later period of Beethoven's stay in Vienna, because Europe was experiencing a serious period of political reaction, that is, the period when metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant, his creation also experienced a temporary decline (1813-1817). From 18 18, in the last ten years of Beethoven's life (18 18- 1827), he still wrote the ninth symphony (chorus) with great perseverance, although his ears were completely deaf, his health deteriorated obviously and his life was miserable.
Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. He had no relatives around when he died, but when he was buried on the 29th of the same month, a mass wave formed. All schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people escorted his coffin. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Bache (179 1- 1872): "When you stand on his coffin, we can only tell people like him that he has achieved great things ..."
Beethoven is one of the great composers in the world art history. His creation embodies his giant character and reflects the progressive thought of that era. His image of revolutionary heroism can be used as "through suffering-towards joy; Win through struggle. " His works are magnificent and unpretentious, and his music is rich in content and easy to be understood and accepted by the audience.
Beethoven's music embodies the sufferings and joys of the broad masses of people in his time. Struggle and victory, so it always inspired people in the past, inspiring people's fighting spirit, and even now it makes people feel cordial and inspiring.
His nine symphonies occupy an extremely unique position in all his creations. These symphonies can be compared to a complete large-scale symphonic narrative poem-a long epic describing the life of a hero. Although there is no story to connect, it reveals all aspects of the protagonist's life, activities and thoughts, that is, some of the most important life problems faced by the protagonist, such as: the protagonist and his struggle, the protagonist and nature, the protagonist and his inner world, the protagonist and the people, and so on. His nine symphonies are the most important part of the world cultural heritage.