For example, in 1970s, fertilizer enterprises in developed countries adopted.
Cogeneration technology is to reduce the power consumption per ton of ammonia from 250KW- 1000KWh to 16- 17KWh/T of ammonia. Nowadays, the most advanced enterprises in China are wandering about 80-250KWh/T ammonia after cogeneration. It is reported that The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has the goal of "energy saving and emission reduction". In the next five-year plan, we will implement large-scale chemical fertilizers and strive to achieve the goal of reducing power consumption per ton of ammonia to 80KWh. It can be seen that the actual electricity consumption per ton of ammonia is still five times higher than that of developed countries in the 1970s. Visible, how big is our gap!
Another example: Not long ago, I visited a chemical fertilizer plant in Shandong Province and built a large billboard on the first-class highway in Yanqing County, which read "XX large chemical fertilizer enterprise". On the publicity column of the factory, I saw such a slogan: "Fight for Red May to ensure that the power consumption per ton of ammonia is reduced from 7330KWh to 6300 kWh"-this is also "cogeneration". Compared with the 1970s, the power consumption per ton of ammonia in chemical fertilizer enterprises in developed countries was 1.7 kWh, an astonishing increase of 356 times. I would like to ask, what is the significance of such "cogeneration"? However, if the support of thermal power plants is removed immediately, the power consumption per ton of ammonia in such enterprises will soon rise to more than 10 thousand degrees. These are the bloody portrayal of "cogeneration" of small and medium-sized fertilizers in China. It is also one of the direct reasons why China has decided to gradually close small-scale thermal power plants in recent years.
The comrades on the second floor analyzed it better, so I won't go into details. But there are several problems that must be pointed out:
1. Many small cogeneration enterprises have not learned the general configuration and operation mode of cogeneration abroad. It can be said that the technology of cogeneration will not be used at all. The energy consumption, income generation and benefit distribution of each branch factory cannot be "integrated", let alone "organic whole".
2. Many small cogeneration enterprises are seriously short of high-level technical talents and management talents. There is no ability to achieve "maximum heat recovery and reheat (such as heat pump) reuse."
3. There are some problems in the establishment, management, operation and decision-making of enterprises. The technology and equipment of heat exchange and recovery (heat pump reheating) and reuse between processes and sections are basically blank. Leaders only consider the maintenance during their term of office and dare not spend money on advanced technology and equipment. No one really cares about long-term interests.
4. The overall design and construction level of thermal power plant is not high, and the utilization rate of heat energy is not high.
After the thermal power plant is completed, the heat consumption and heat recovery of the whole company will be greatly improved. However, generally speaking, the heat is provided as it is, and the rest remains unchanged. How to waste the waste heat in the past is still how to waste it now.
6. The fuel grade is poor, the measurement is inaccurate, the price is high, and the sampling test is not carried out according to the prescribed sampling method. The calculated calorific value deviates from the actual value.
6, equipment aging, the overall thermal efficiency of the boiler is reduced.
7. The external heating system has poor heat preservation and serious thermal runaway, so there is no money for maintenance and replacement. These problems may also exist in your factory, so I think the factors affecting the thermal efficiency of thermal power projects are technical reasons, technological reasons, social reasons and management reasons. It may be mainly for management reasons.