65438+Exotic Opera Style Transplanted to China at the end of 2009 and the beginning of 2000. In order to distinguish it from traditional stage plays and operas, it is called drama. Generally speaking, China's dramas have gone through the following five stages of development: new drama period, American drama craze period, left-wing period, Yan 'an drama and modernity.
New drama period
1906, inspired by Japanese "new school" drama, students studying in Japan Zeng Xiaogu and Li Shutong organized the Spring Willow Society. 1907 performed La Traviata and Black Slave Xu Tian Lu in Tokyo, Japan. In the same year, Wang Zhongsheng and others organized "Chunyang Society" to perform "Black Slave Record" in Shanghai, which was "the opening of China's drama". This kind of stage play with dialogue as the main means is called new drama, and later it is called civilized drama. In the following 10 years, a number of new operas such as New Art Theatre, Evolution Theatre, Nankai New Theatre and New Drama Club appeared in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Wuhan and other places, and performances such as Hot Blood and Long Live the Social Clock were warmly welcomed by the public. After the failure of the Revolution of 1911, the new drama gradually declined. The representative figure of this period is Ou Yangyuqian.
Love American drama period
19 19 Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu and Fu Sinian, important figures in the May 4th New Culture Movement, paid special attention to the power of new dramas to stimulate people's consciousness and praised Ibsen's social dramas. 19 19 Hu Shi's one-act play "Lifelong Event" is the representative of their proposition. At the same time, Chen Dabei, Ou Yangyuqian and others loudly put forward the slogan of "love American drama", a non-professional drama, and successively set up people's drama club, heart drama club, South China drama club and other drama groups. A number of outstanding plays such as Tiger Catching Night, Death of Famous Brand (Tian Han), Three Rebellious Women (Guo Moruo), Patriotism (Xiong Foxi), Bitch (Ou Yangyuqian) and A Bumblebee (Ding Xilin) were born, which laid an important literary foundation for China's plays. From 65438 to 0922, Hong Shen, who studied in the United States and specialized in drama, returned to China to join the Dramatists Association. In view of the bad habits of civilized drama, he boldly reformed the establishment of script, stage discipline and director system, advocated co-acting between men and women, and formed a complete drama art system. From 65438 to 0925, the drama department of Beijing Institute of Art was established, which provided a position for the cultivation of drama talents. The southern art movement led by Tian Han can best reflect the spirit of the emerging drama in the 1920s. From 1924 to 1930, many anti-imperialist and anti-feudal plays were staged successively, and a number of artistic backbones such as Chen Ningqiu, Chen, Zheng, cutie and Wu Zuoren were trained. 1929 ~ 193 1 year, Ou Yangyuqian presided over Guangdong Theatre Research Institute, published Drama magazine and organized dozens of plays such as Roar, China. Ou Yangyuqian, Hong Shen and Tian Han are considered as the founders of China's plays. 1928, Hong Shen creatively translated English drama into "drama" to distinguish it from the stale "new drama", hence the name of China drama.
Left-wing period
Under the leadership of the * * * production party in China, 1929 established the Shanghai Art Drama Club and put forward the slogan of "proletarian drama". 193 1 1 year, the China left-wing dramatists' union was established, and since then, China's drama has entered the development stage dominated by the left-wing drama movement. The Left-wing Drama Troupe, headquartered in Shanghai, led the sub-groups in Beiping (now Beijing), Nanjing, Guangzhou and Hangzhou, established more than 50 left-wing drama troupes, and performed a large number of progressive dramas, such as Bloody Clothes, The Ring of Bells, China, Sweet Rice, Song of Rejuvenation, etc., and many others emerged. 1935, Shanghai Amateur Dramatists Association was established to perform Nora, Imperial Envoy, Thunderstorm, Wu Zetian and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In the 1940 s, the drama club performed large-scale plays such as "Sai Jinhua", which greatly improved the stage art level. From 1934 to 1937, Cao Yu's famous plays Thunderstorm, Sunrise and Yuan Ye came out. 1933, the first commercial troupe in China, China Travel Service Troupe, was born and persisted for 14 years. From 1932 to 1937, the experiment of farmers' drama in Dingxian County, Hebei Province was a dramatic attempt. "Red Drama" is very active in revolutionary base areas such as Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Fujian. Hundreds of plays, such as February 27th Massacre, August 1st Nanchang Uprising and Our Red Army, greatly encouraged the fighting morale of the soldiers and civilians in the base areas. 1935, the National Theatre Academy was established in Nanjing. In the following 14 years, more than 0/000 students were trained, and nearly 0/80 full-length dramas were performed, covering Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces, with a wide and far-reaching influence.
Yan 'an Drama
1935 10, the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants ended the world-famous 25,000-mile Long March and arrived in northern Shaanxi. During the whole War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, some dramatists from Chongqing and Shanghai went to Yan 'an one after another, which strengthened the literary power here. Yan 'an Lu Xun Art College became their gathering place. Because I was not familiar with local life, I used to play big plays and famous plays. He has performed in Nikolai Gogol's Imperial Envoy, Chekhov's Proposal, Bogodin's Gunman and other Russian and Su Ju, as well as domestic famous dramas such as Sunrise, Peking Man, The Storm, Fascist Fungi and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. From 1938 to the beginning of 1940, the drama department of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an and its affiliated experimental troupe performed more than 100 performances. The dramatists in Yan 'an also showed their magical powers in their creations, among which Wang Zhenzhi's Captain Rogue, Sakov's Reunion, Yao Shixiao's Uncertain Chess and Li Bozhao's Country Music are more influential.
Modern (omitted) ...